Wolima dimba aliyense amalota zakukula mphesa pachiwembu chake, chomwe sichikhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino okha, zipatso zabwino, komanso mulibe mbewu. Popeza kuti mbewu zambiri zimatha kuwononga mphesa zambiri. Mitunduyi ikuphatikizapo mphesa zopanda mphesa Jupiter, zomwe mafotokozedwe ake aperekedwa pansipa.
Kulongosola kwachilengedwe kwa mphesa zosiyanasiyana Jupiter
Imodzi mwa mitundu yamphesa yodziwika bwino komanso yopanda mbewu - Jupiter, yomwe, chifukwa chakulimbana kwake ndi chisanu, ndiyomwe imakonda kutsimikizika m'malo otentha. Omwe amapanga mphesa ndi obereketsa a John R. Clark, a James N. Moore ochokera ku University of Arkansas USA. Kuti mupeze wosakanizidwa, mphesa zogwiritsidwa ntchito monga V. Vinifera ndi V. Labrusca.
Mphesa zimayamba kubala zipatso chaka chachitatu kuyambira nthawi yobzala, komanso mosamala - chachiwiri. Nyengo yokula imakhala kuyambira masiku 105 mpaka 120. Mutha kukolola kumapeto kwa Julayi.
Zitsamba za Jupiter zokhala ndi mizu yotukuka bwino zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri. Mpesa ndi wachikuda wonyezimira. Chomeracho chimakongoletsedwa ndi masamba obiriwira okhala ndi mphako zitatu, masamba osafooka bwino. Maluwawo ndi ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndipo safuna kuwonjezera kuyamwa. Magulu osakanikirana amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira kapena ofanana komanso mawonekedwe ofanana. Gulu kulemera zimasiyanasiyana 200 500 g. Pa mphukira, ma inflorescence 3-5 amatha kumangirizidwa, chifukwa chake palibe chifukwa chogawira, chifukwa chomeracho chimatha kulimbana ndi mtengowo mosavuta. Siyani maso 40 pa mpesa.
Makhalidwe a zipatso
Zipatso zoboola pakati zimapezeka mu burashi molimbika wina ndi mnzake, motero gululi ndilophatikizika komanso laukhondo. Kulemera kwa chipatso chimodzi ndi 4-5 g, yomwe imawonedwa ngati chisonyezo chachikulu cha zoumba. Njira yokolola zipatso imakopa chidwi: pakukula, khungu lawo limakhala ndi mtundu wofiyira kapena pinki, womwe panthawi yakukhwima kwachilengedwe umakhala wabuluu wakuda. Izi zimathandiza kudziwa nthawi yoyenera yokolola.
Kuchuluka kwa khungu kumalepheretsa mabanja a mavu kuwononga zokolola za zipatso zokoma. Chipatsocho mulibe mbewu, koma chimakhala ndi zochepa zoyambira. Mnofu wowutsa mudyo umakhala ndi mnofu, kukoma kokoma ndi kamvekedwe kabwino ka mtedza ndi mawu osavuta.
Shuga samadutsa 21%, ndipo acidity wa madziwo ndi 6 g / l.
Ubwino ndi zovuta za kishmish
Ubwino waukulu womwe mitundu ikulimbikitsidwa kulimidwa ndi:
- tsiku loyambirira kulowa mu fruiting;
- mkulu zizindikiro zokolola, kuchokera pa hekitala imodzi mutha kupeza othandizira 200-250;
- chabwino kudula mizu ndi kucha kwa mphukira, ngakhale m'madera okhala ndi nyengo yovuta;
- kuteteza kukoma ndikuwonetsera poyenda pamtunda wautali;
- chisanu kukana, kutha kupirira mpaka -26̊С, chifukwa chake sikufuna pogona lina;
- zabwino kwambiri kukana kulimbana ndi zipatso ndikudumpha mwadzidzidzi kutentha ndi chinyezi;
- kusinthasintha kwa zipatso, amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano komanso amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga vinyo wokometsera komanso zoumba zapamwamba, zodziwika bwino ndi zotsekemera komanso nthawi yayitali;
- wokongola mawonekedwe akunja a mipesa ndi zipatso zikhale zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito munda wamphesa ngati zokongoletsera.
Kuphatikiza pa maubwino, ndikofunikira kuzindikira zovuta, monga:
- kuthyola zipatso zikatha, Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuwunika momwe zikukula, kuchotsa zokolola, zipatsozo zikangotembenukira kubuluu lowala ndikudzazidwa ndi madzi;
- sing'anga kukana cinoni, powdery mildew ndi imvi zowola, ndichifukwa chake tchire limafunikira kukonzedwa pafupipafupi kuti athetse kuchepa kwa mbeu.
Kufikira ukadaulo
Mbande zazing'ono zimabzalidwa bwino masika. M'nyengo yotentha, chomeracho chimazika mizu pansi ndikuzolowera chilengedwe chakunja. Mutha kubzala kugwa, ingotenga zonse kuti muteteze tchire la mphesa kutentha.
Chikhalidwe chachikulu ndikudziwitsa molondola malo oti mubzale tchire. Mukamasankha tsamba, sankhani malo owala ndi malo obisika.
Magawo a kubzala:
- Konzani malowa, kuchotsa udzu wonse ndikukumba pansi kwambiri.
- Kwa masabata 2-3 ndikofunikira konza maenje, kusunga mtunda pakati pawo kuchokera 2 mpaka 4 m.
- Ikani mwala wosweka pansi pa dzenje losanjikiza mpaka masentimita 10, Thirani pamwamba pake nthaka ya humus ndikuphimba ndi nthaka, yomwe idzasiyanitse mizu ya mmera ndi zigawo za umuna.
- Ikani msomali kuchokera kumpoto, kuti pakukula kumathandizira kukhala chodalirika.
- Asanakwere ikani mbande m'madzi kapena njira, imalimbikitsa kukula mwachangu komanso kapangidwe ka mizu.
- Ikani sapling kotero kuti kusiyanasiyana kwa mphukira pa mmera kumakhala pansi. Phimbani ndi nthaka mosamala, ndikuwonjezera madzi kuti nthaka ikhale yochulukirapo.
- Ndiye madzi, konzani zikhomo zothandizira ndi mulch wokhala ndi nthaka yodzala ndi michere.
Kulima mphesa mchaka choyamba ndi gawo lofunikira pakukula kwa mbewu zazing'ono. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kusamalira mundawo kuyambira nthawi yobzala, ndikupangira zinthu zabwino.
Kusamalira mipesa yaying'ono komanso yokhwima
Mitundu yamphesa ya Jupiter siyiyesa yamtengo wapatali posamalira, koma Kuti mupange mbewu yabwino kwambiri pamafunika kutsatira malamulo ena osamalira:
- perekani chomeracho ndi chinyezi pa nthawi yopuma, ikatha maluwa komanso pakukula kwa zipatso, ndikuthirira kwapamwamba, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi kutentha;
- gawo loyera kulima zomera namsongole;
- mulch pansi kuteteza nthaka, kayendetsedwe kabwino ka microflora yake, kusunga chinyezi komanso kutsekereza kwa udzu;
- kuzindikira muzu ndi kudya masamba zakudya zofunikira;
- dulani mipesa, pofupikitsa mphukira ndi maso 6-8, zomwe zingathandize kulimbikitsa kukula kwa mbewu kuti ziwonjezere zokolola;
- chotsani mphukira zofooka mchaka, kotero kuti sangatenge gwero lazomera;
- gwirani ntchito zobiriwira, zomwe zimaphatikizapo zinyalala, kutsina kwa mfundo zokula ndi kutsina;
- gwiritsa ntchito kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kupewa kuipitsidwa kwa munda wamphesa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga;
- tetezani tchire laling'ono kuzizira m'nyengo yozizira, powaphimba ndi zida zapadera zomwe zimalola kuti chinyezi ndi mpweya zizidutsamo, zomwe zimapereka microclimate yachibadwa.
Kusamalira moyenera kumathandizira pakukula kwa zokolola ndikukula kwa mundawo wonse.
Njira zoberekera
Chomeracho chimayamba ndi mizu. Jupiter itha kufalikira:
Mizu ya cuttings kapena kumtengowo mbande
Njira yoberekera ndiyabwino chifukwa tchire limalandira zonse zikhalidwe za mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ndipo kumtengowo zitsanzo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi gulu lamphamvu kwambiri lokula.
Mwa kumtenganso pa chitsa
Malinga ndi malingaliro a olima vinyo odziwa zambiri, kuyanjana kwakukulu kwa mitundu ya Jupiter ndi chitsa cha mphesa Kober 5BB, C04 ndi Berlandieri HRiparia.
Zingwe kuchokera pachitsamba cha mayi
Poterepa, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito fruiting mipesa yokhala ndi mipesa yolimba, yakucha bwino, zomwe zithandizire kulima mphesa.
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Avereji ya kukana kwa Jupiter kumatenda. Chifukwa chake, mildew ndi mildew ziyenera kumenyedwa nthawi zonse, ndiye kuti, zimathandizidwa pafupipafupi ndi othandizira apadera a matenda a fungal. Kupewa kuyenera kuyamba kumayambiriro kwamasika, masamba aang'ono akapangidwa, kutentha kwapakati pa 12̊C, ndikupitilira mpaka zipatso zipse.
Chomeracho chitha kuukiridwa ndi tizirombo tambiri, monga nsabwe za mphesa, weevils, nkhupakupa, midges. Kuti munda wamphesa usakhale malo opezera tizilombo toopsa, njira zodzitetezera ziyenera kuchitika munthawi yake. M'ngululu ndi nthawi yophukira, chotsani ndikuwotcha masamba omwe agwa. Onaninso tchire, ndipo ngati vuto lazindikirika, gwiritsani ntchito njira zamankhwala ndi zamankhwala.
Mphesa ya Jupiter ndiyofunika kwambiri kwa olima vinyo, chifukwa cha nyengo yakucha msanga, kuwoneka kokongola kwa zipatso, kukoma kwawo kogwirizana, komanso kukana zovuta ndi nyengo.