Pali lingaliro kuti mavalidwe apamwamba ayenera kusankhidwa moyenera, apo ayi chomeracho chimayamba kukulitsa nsonga kuchokera pazakudya zambiri. Zikatero, sitikunena zokolola zambiri. Mfundo zopangira feteleza, nthawi yodyetsa anyezi ndi malamulo oyambitsa adafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi.
Kodi anyezi ndi anyezi amafunikira chakudya china?
Ngakhale zomera zosadzichepetsa zimafunikira zakudya zokwanira. Kapangidwe ka nthaka kamakhudza nyengo yakukula, kapangidwe ka zipatso, chifukwa chake, kuti tipeze zokolola zambiri, sikofunikira kungoyang'ana zokolola zokha, komanso kuyambitsa zakudya zowonjezera munthawi yake.
Chodziwika bwino cha uta ndikuti kwenikweni imamwa zakudya zonse za m'nthakakumuchotsa iye. Nthawi yomweyo, palibe chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito feteleza onse.
Pakati pa nyengoyi, muyenera kudyetsa chikhalidwecho osachepera 2-3.
Ukadaulo wobzala kapena kubzala masika mu Meyi umaphatikizapo kukonzekera mabedi kugwa. Tsambali limapindulitsa ndi humus kapena kompositi pamlingo 5-7 kg ya feteleza pa 1 m2.
Ngati nthaka yatha, mchere sungathe kutulutsidwa, uyenera kuthiridwa feteleza usanadzale kanthu. Malo otseguka ayenera kukumbidwa kuti pakhale gawo lachonde m'nyengo yachisanu, pomwe mbande za mbewu zimapsa.
Nthawi yothira ndi kudyetsa
Mutabzala, patatha pafupifupi masabata awiri, zikamera padziko, muyenera kuchulukitsa nthaka ndikutsanulira feteleza wa nayitrogeni kulimbikitsa kukula kwa greenery. Ngati nyengoyi ili ndi chinyezi chachikulu, zoyambitsa mchere siziyenera kuwonjezeredwa. Zakudya zomwe zimadyetsedwa nthawi yophukira zidzakhala zokwanira.
Masabata atatu mutangoyamba kudya, gawo latsopano la michere limayambitsidwa ndi zinthu zochepa za nayitrogeni, koma potaziyamu-phosphorous microelements. Njirayi imafunika kale kupanga anyezikotero kuti imamera bwino ndikukula bwino.
Feteleza amakopa tizirombo, choncho, musanagwiritse ntchito, zomera ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala ochiritsira - fodya kapena phulusa la nkhuni.
Kuperewera kwa zinthu zilizonse zofufuzira nthawi yomweyo kumatsagana ndi zizindikilo zina:
- kusowa kwa nayitrogeni kumadziwika ndi kukula pang'ono, utoto wa nthenga, mawanga achikasu;
- Njala ya potashi imafotokozedwa pakupanga necrosis pamwamba pa nthenga ndikupita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono kwa anyezi;
- kusowa kwa phosphorous kumachedwetsa kukula kwa chomeracho, kwakukulu mawanga bulaunikufalikira mu nthenga zonse;
- kusowa kwa zinc kumadziwika mu amadyera zopotoka mwina kufalikira pamwamba pa nthaka;
- kusowa kwa mkuwa kumakhumudwitsa nthenga kupatulira, kuchotsedwa kwa pigment, chifukwa chake amadyera amawoneka atatha.
Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti zizindikiro izi sizidziwonetsera bwino. Ndi kuchepa kwa zakudya njira yophatikizira imafunika, chifukwa dziko lapansi lomwe latha likhala lopanda zinthu zambiri zazing'ono komanso zazikuluzikulu.
Nthawi zina, mukamabzala malo osadziwika, zimakhala zovuta kudziwa kuchuluka kwa zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Zikatero, m'pofunika kuganizira mozama za zomwe mbewuyo imachita panthawi yokula ndikubweretsa zakudya zowonjezera poganizira zizindikiritsozo.
Zomwe zimatanthauza kudyetsa masika
Ndondomeko yogwiritsira ntchito feteleza imapangidwa poganizira cholinga chobzala mbewu zazikulu. Njira yosavuta ndikupeza masamba. Njira yophatikizika imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mpiru wokwanira.
Kumayambiriro kwa masika (mu Marichi), muyenera kukumba dera lomwe mwasankha. Ngati nthaka yake ili yandiweyani, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyikamo mchenga ndi peat... Izi zipangitsa kuti nyumbayo ikhale yopepuka ndikuwonjezera kumasuka.
Pakakhala kukonzekera kwa nthawi yophukira, nthaka yokhumbidwayo imapindulitsa ndi chisakanizo, chomwe chimaphatikizapo:
- humus (5-6 makilogalamu pa 1 m2);
- urea (20-25 g);
- superphosphate (30 g);
- mchere wa potaziyamu (15-20 g).
Kukonzekera kovuta imadzaza kusowa kwa michere m'malo omwe atha ndipo amathandizira chisamaliro cha anyezi a mpiru.
Anyezi samasangalala ndikayambitsidwa kwatsopano kwachilengedwe kuchokera kuzinyama, motero kudyetsa kotere kuyenera kutayidwa.
Kuti umeretse nthaka kumapeto kwa nyengo, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito:
- humus;
- peat;
- phulusa la nkhuni.
Pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa mphukira pamwamba pa nthaka, tikulimbikitsidwa kulowa kupanga nayitrogeni... Ndikofunika kuchedwetsa chithandizo pakagwa mvula yambiri, chifukwa nayitrogeni amasungunuka m'madzi ndipo phindu la njirayo likhala laling'ono.
Zosankha zitatu za feteleza wanyengo
Njira 1
- yankho lamadzi (10 l) ndi ammonia (3 tbsp. l.) - tsanulirani Masabata awiri atatsika;
- madzi (10 l), ammonium nitrate (1 tbsp. l.), mchere (1 tbsp. l.), potaziyamu permanganate (timibulu tingapo) - kudzera Masabata atatu mutatha kudya koyamba;
- madzi (10 l), superphosphate (2 tbsp. l.) - kudzera Masabata 4-5 mutatha kudya kwachiwiri.
Njira 2
- madzi (10 l), amatanthauza "Masamba" (2 tbsp. l.), urea (1 tbsp. l.) - madzi masiku 15 atatsika;
- madzi (10 l), Agricola 2 (1 tbsp. l.);
- madzi (10 l), amatanthauza "Effecton-O" (2 tbsp. l.).
Njira 3
- Zilowerere buledi (500 g) ndi madzi (10 l), onjezerani udzu watsopano (500 g) ndi yisiti watsopano (mapaketi ang'onoang'ono 5), onjezerani patatha masiku awiri chilili;
- madzi (10 l), nitrophoska (2 tbsp. l.);
- phulusa la nkhuni (250 gr.) Thirani madzi otentha (10 l) ndi kusiya masiku 2-3.
Momwe mungathira manyowa anyezi nthawi yotentha
Ngati chikhalidwe chabzalidwa panthaka yachonde, chimathandizidwa moyenera kugwa, kuwonjezera pamenepo masika feteleza a nayitrogeni sikoyenera kuyambitsa zakudya zowonjezera.
Nthawi zina, nthawi yotentha, njirayi imatha kusintha kwambiri zokolola za anyezi, batun kapena mitu ya babu, chifukwa chake simuyenera kuzisiya.
M'nyengo yotentha (kumapeto kwa Juni - theka loyamba la Julayi) kugwa Gawo lachitatu la kudyetsa... Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ziyenera kukhala ndi potaziyamu, phosphorous, mkuwa ndi michere yambiri. Kulemera ndi zinthu zofunikira kwambiri kumathandiza pakupanga mpiru kuti ikule bwino.
Olima minda yamaluwa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito feteleza wosakaniza, amachulukitsa kukonzanso kwake. Ndikofunikira kuyambitsa yankho logwira ntchito nthawi yamadzulo, makamaka pambuyo pa mpweya kapena kuthirira.
Mukamagwira ntchito ndi zothetsera michere, muyenera kuwadziwitsa mosamala m'nthaka. Lumikizanani ndi nthenga zidzakhumudwitsa chikasu chawo.
Kuvala kwapamwamba m'dzinja
Kukonzekera kwa malo obwera nyengo yatsopano kumachitika kugwa. Gawo loyamba ndikuchita zochitika ku kutetezera nthaka... Dzulo lisanayambitsidwe zakudya, kuthirira kumachitika ndi yankho lapadera: madzi (10 l) ndi sulfate yamkuwa (15 g). Ndalamayi ndiyokwanira kupopera 5 m2.
Chovala chofunikira kwambiri cha anyezi chimachitika panthawi yokonzekera chiwembu cha mabedi - kugwa. Choyamba, dothi limakumbidwa ndipo achotsa namsongole ndi mizu yakale... Humus kapena malo osungira manyowa amayamba kukumba (4-6 kg imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa 1 m2).
Za kufesa anyezi akhazikitsidwa Nthaka imadzaza ndi ufa wa dolomite (mpaka magalamu 150 pa 1 m2), choko kapena gawo lapadera lomwe limasokoneza chilengedwe. Pazifukwa izi, phulusa la nkhuni ndi laimu wa fluff amagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Kudyetsa yisiti sikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pa dothi lomwe latha, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza za potashi-phosphorous pamodzi ndi organic. Amabwezeretsa msanga zakudya zoyenera. Ngati kulima mitundu yofiira ndi yokoma ikukonzekera, ndiye kuti zokonda ziyenera kupatsidwa potaziyamu.
Mwa mitundu yonse yazakudya zosakaniza ndi mayankho, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mchere ndi organic, komanso feteleza wosakanikirana bwino.
Otchuka:
- superphosphate;
- chonde (granular complex ndi kuchepa kwa nayitrogeni);
- zonyenga "Anyezi, adyo";
- nitroammophoska;
- potaziyamu sulphate.
Mitundu ina ya anyezi imabzalidwa nthawi yachisanu. Ndikofunikira kuti mulemere nthaka ndi zinthu zina zofunikira Masabata 2-4 asanafike... Nthaka yachonde imayenera kuyimirira pang'ono kuti zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito zizikhala ndi nthawi yolumikizana ndi nthaka.
Zosafunika kuzilemba zochizira kugwa feteleza otsatirawa:
- manyowa;
- wokhala ndi nayitrogeni.
Chakudyachi chimapangitsa kuti nthenga zizichotsedwa msanga chisanu chisanachitike, chifukwa chomeracho chidzafa.
Kulima mbewu zopitilira muyeso ndikudyetsa pafupipafupi, mutha kukolola bwino ndikupeza mizu yabwino kwambiri yokhala ndi kukoma kwabwino komanso moyo wautali.