Poyamba, nyemba za katsitsumzukwa sizinali zofala m'minda yamaluwa okonda masewera. Koma ndizachabe. Popita nthawi, anthu adazindikira kuti nyemba zosakhwima za mitundu iyi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika kuposa mitundu yosavuta. Ngakhale zipatso zake zakupsa ndizolimba, komano nyembazo mulibe makoma a zikopa ndi ulusi wolimba... Ichi ndichifukwa chake nyemba zonse zimatha kudyedwa.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a nyemba za katsitsumzukwa
Nyemba izi zimatchedwa katsitsumzukwa, zomwe zimakumbutsa nyemba zopangidwa kale. Koma pankhani ya ubale, nyemba za katsitsumzukwa ndizofanana kwambiri ndi nyemba wamba. Kusiyana kwawo kwakukulu ndikosowa kwa ulusi ndi kanema wolimba mkati. Kunja, amatha kusiyanitsa ndi mawonekedwe a nyembazo. Mu mitundu ya katsitsumzukwa, imakhala yocheperako komanso yayitali. Katsitsumzukwa mitundu mitundu osiyana otchedwa Vigna.
Kumpoto, nyemba zimakula kudzera mmera. Kum'mwera, m'malo mwake, mutha kukula awiri, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale zokolola zitatu nyengo iliyonse.
Pali mitundu itatu yayikulu ya nyemba za katsitsumzukwa:
- chitsamba;
- kupiringiza theka;
- lopotana.
Mitundu ya nyembazo imasiyananso ndi kulima:
- chobiriwira;
- wachikasu;
- Violet;
- chofiira.
Iwo ndi opapatiza, koma aatali.
Maluwa amatha kusiyanasiyana pakati pawo mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokongoletsera. Chodabwitsa, mitundu yambiri ndi yolekerera mthunzi ndipo imatha kulimidwa ngakhale kumpoto kwa malowo kutchire.
Kwawo ndi zigawo zakukula
Dziko lakwawo nyemba za katsitsumzukwa ndi South ndi Central America. Kuyambira kale, nzika zam'madera amenewa zimadziwa za zozizwitsa za nyemba za katsitsumzukwa. Ngakhale Aroma akale amagwiritsa ntchito chomerachi ngati zodzikongoletsera. Chomerachi chinabwera ku Ulaya m'zaka za zana la 16. Ku Russia, poyamba idkagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa minda ndi mabedi amaluwa. Anayamba kudya patadutsa zaka zingapo.
Masiku ano, nyemba za katsitsumzukwa zimabzalidwa pafupifupi kulikonse. Zomwe zimapindulitsa komanso kulawa kwake zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito osati kuphika kokha, komanso mu cosmetology ndi magawo ena azachuma.
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri
Nyemba za katsitsumzukwa zili ndi mitundu yambiri yambiri. Ena a iwo akhala okondedwa kwenikweni ndi wamaluwa oweta. Izi zikuphatikiza:
- Chituruki;
- Kireni;
- chifundo;
- mtsikana wachisanu;
- mafuta mafuta.
Chituruki
Yoyamba imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazokongoletsa. Kutalika kwa zikwapu zake kumafika mamita atatu. Kukongoletsa kumachitika chifukwa masamba ake amaphimba tsinde kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pa kukongola patsamba, mutha kusangalalanso ndi zipatso zokoma. Kutalika kwa nyembayo kumafika masentimita 20. Mtundu wawo umatha kukhala wobiriwira komanso pinki. Zokolola ndizokwanira.
Crane
Ndi za mitundu yoyambirira ndipo amakonda kwambiri monga katsitsumzukwa. Zitsamba za nyemba ndizochepa, kutalika kwa ma lashes ndi pafupifupi theka la mita. Mbewu ndizobiriwira. Zokolola ndizambiri.
Mfumu yamafuta
Mtundu wina wotchuka kwambiri ndi Butter King. Chitsambacho ndichokwanira kwambiri, chosakwana theka la mita kutalika. Imagonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, sikutanthauza kuthirira nthawi zonse, ndipo imalekerera chilala bwino. Nyemba ndi zachikasu, nyerere ndi pafupifupi masentimita 25 kutalika. Kukoma kwabwino, zokolola zambiri.
Tekinoloje ndi chiwembu chodzala mbewu zamasamba pamalo otseguka
Kodi mungamere bwanji mbewu za nyemba mnyumba yanu? Nyemba ndizomera za thermophilic, sizimalekerera chisanu. Kutentha kukatsika mpaka madigiri 10, chomeracho chimasiya kukula, ndipo ngakhale ndi chisanu chaching'ono kwambiri chimangofa. Pakubzala, yesetsani kusankha nthaka yosasunthika. Feteleza organic angagwiritsidwe ntchito kale.
Ngati dothi pamalowo silikhala lachonde, lamchenga, ndiye kuti feteleza wa nitrogeni amagwiritsidwa ntchito mchaka (mwachitsanzo, ammonium nitrate 20-30 g / m2).
Nyemba zili ndi mizu yotukuka bwino, motero imalekerera chilala. Koma pakakhala kuti mvula yayamba kwakanthawi, kuthirira ndikofunikira. Koma chomeracho sichimalola chinyezi chochuluka.
Nyemba ziyenera kubzalidwa pamalo amodzi, chifukwa mizu yake imayambitsa nayitrogeni wambiri m'nthaka. Ndi bwino kubzala mbewu m'malo omwe mbatata, kabichi kapena nkhaka zamera kale.
Mbewu zitha kufesedwa zouma kapena kuziviika mu njira yolimbikitsira kukula. Simuyenera kuchita kugula mankhwala opatsa mphamvu. Uchi, phulusa, humus ndi manyowa zidzakhala zoyenera. Kufesa kumachitika pang'onopang'ono (pafupifupi masentimita 3-4). Ngati kubzala kuli kwakukulu, ndiye kuti mbande zidzadikirira kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo mizu yawo idzafooka. Mbewu m'munda imabzalidwa molingana ndi chiwembu chotsatirachi: mtunda pakati pa mizere uyenera kukhala 40-50 cm, komanso pakati pa mabowo - 20-30 cm.
Kusamalira pambuyo podzala ndi kubzala mbeu m'munda
Nyemba za katsitsumzukwa zitamera, Kuzisamalira kumaphatikizapo kuthirira, kumasula ndi kupalira, kuthira feteleza ndi kuwononga tizilombo.
Ngati mutabzala pali chiwopsezo cha chisanu usiku, ndiye kuti kufesako kuyenera kuphimbidwa ndi kanema kapena zinthu zapadera. Patatha mwezi umodzi mutamera mbande, muyenera kudya koyamba ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni. Njirayi ndiyofunikira makamaka nyengo youma. Pokhala ndi mafuta osakwanira m'nthaka, feteleza ovuta amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pakati pa pod ovary, zidzakhala zoyenera kuthira feteleza wa potaziyamu-phosphorous. Pakukwera nyemba, ndibwino kuti mupange zothandizira. Ngati zosiyanasiyana zomwe mwasankha ndizosiyananso ndi maluwa ake okongola, ndiye kuti mutha kuzigwiritsa ntchito ngati zokongoletsa.
Mukameta mabedi, udzu sungatayidwe, koma umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mulch. Pambuyo pake, imakhala ngati feteleza wabwino, chifukwa nyemba zimayankha bwino ku zamoyo.
Kusonkhanitsa ndi kusunga mbewu moyenera
Nyemba za katsitsumzukwa nthawi zambiri zimakololedwa popanda kucha. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti musaphonye mphindi yakusonkhanitsa. Izi zimachitika bwino pakangotha milungu ingapo ovary ikuwonekera. Ndi nthawi imeneyi pomwe chakudya chimakhala chachikulu kwambiri, nyembazo zimakhala zofewa komanso zokoma, ndipo njere ndizochepa. Zikhotazo zikachotsedwa, chomeracho chimayamba maluwa atsopano ndikupitilizabe kupanga nyembazo. Njira yokolola imakupatsani mwayi wokolola mpaka chisanu.
Nyemba siziyenera kudyedwa zosaphika, chifukwa zimakhala ndi poizoni. Zingayambitse kuledzera kwakukulu kwa thupi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake tikulimbikitsidwa kuwira ngakhale mutawonjezera masaladi atsopano.
Kawirikawiri, zokolola zimadyedwa zatsopano komanso zamzitini, zowuma. Zikhomo zomwe zasonkhanitsidwazo zitha kusungidwanso m'malo ozizira ndi amdima kwakanthawi kochepa. Komabe, pakatha sabata ayamba kugwedezeka ndikutaya malonda awo. Ndicho chifukwa chake kuli bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mafiriji kuti asungidwe kwanthawi yayitali.
Nyemba za katsitsumzukwa zimayamikiridwa osati monga gawo limodzi la zakudya zophikira, komanso ngati chomera chokongoletsera. Kuphatikiza apo, imalimbikitsa nthaka ndi michere ndi nayitrogeni, zomwe ndizofunikanso. Pakulima, chikhalidwechi sichingokhala chabe, ndipo kukolola ndikosavuta. Zopindulitsa za nyemba zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira kale, maphikidwe ena adakalipo mpaka lero.