Matenda amachepetsa njuchi, kuchepetsa ntchito zawo, zomwe zimabweretsa kufa kwa anthu ambiri. Ngakhale chitetezo cha moyo wa njuchi chapatsidwa kwa akatswiri azachipatala mdziko muno, ochiritsa ofunikira kwambiri ndi omwe amaweta njuchi iwowo.
Matenda osapatsirana a njuchi
Matenda a njuchi osapatsirana - amasiyana ndi omwe amatenga kachilomboka chifukwa kuwonongeka komwe kumayambitsa njuchi kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri. Matenda oterewa sangathe kudziwika ndi ma laboratory diagnostics., ndipo chifukwa cha zochitikazo ndi chisamaliro chosayenera.
Mungu mungu toxicosis
Matenda a anamwino njuchi, omwe amadza chifukwa chomwa mungu ndi zinthu zowopsa.
Tizirombo timafooka, kugwera pansi pa mng'oma ndikufa ndikumakomoka... Chifukwa chodzaza matumbo ndi mungu, mimba ya njuchi zodwala komanso zakufa imakulitsidwa ndipo ikapanikizidwa, pamatuluka chinthu chakuda kwambiri.
Pofuna kupewa kukula kwa matenda ndi kufa kwa tizilombo, ndikofunikira kuchotsa mafelemu a njuchi mumng'oma ndikudyetsa njuchi ndi 0,4-0.6 l manyuchi pamng'oma kwa masiku 3-4.
Pofuna kupewa matenda Ndikofunika kukonza ziwembu ndi uchi. Izi zikuthandizani kuti mudzaze mphindi zaulere mdera lina.
Nectar toxicosis
Matenda osapatsirana a njuchi, omwe amayamba ndi mungu woopsa komanso kufa ndi tizilombo. Zimachitika posonkhanitsa mungu kuchokera ku larkspur, wankhondo, wolfberry, rhododendron ndi zokolola zina. Alimi amadziwika ndi matenda ndi imfa ya njuchi mkati mwa mng'oma. Akatenga kachilomboka, njuchi zimayamba kuda nkhawa, kenako kumafooka ndikulephera kuuluka. Chifukwa cha izi, mapiko, pamimba, miyendo ndi tinyanga tapuwala.
Kuchiza gwiritsirani ntchito zakudya zowonjezera ndi 33% ya manyuchi. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timasonkhanitsidwa, tophimbidwa ndi kachetechete mumng'oma wopanda kanthu ndikusiyidwa pamalo otentha.
Pofuna kupewandipo pakalibe ziphuphu, mpiru, phacelia ndi mbewu zina za uchi zimabzalidwa m'derali.
Mankhwala a toxicosis
Kuledzeretsa kwa njuchi ndi zinthu zakupha, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa tizilombo. Matendawa amadziwonekera atangomwaza mankhwala m'dera la njuchi. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakwawa kudzera m'malo owetera ming'oma, kugwa kuchokera pamakoma ndi zisa. Pali m'mimba wokwiya, madzimadzi ochokera mkamwa, kusowa kwa chakudya m'matumbo ndi chotupa.
Zikatero, zisa za uchi zimachotsedwa mumng'oma ndikusinthidwa kukhala sera.... Tizilombo todwala timadyetsedwa ndi madzi kwa masiku 3-4.
Pofuna kupewa Matenda a njuchi, pokonza minda ndi minda, amatengedwa kwamakilomita asanu ndikusiya malo ozizira.
Dystrophy kapena njala
Mavuto amadzimadzi chifukwa chosowa chakudya... Izi zimathera pakufa kwa ana ndi njuchi zomwe. Pakufufuza, munthu ayenera kulabadira kukula kwachichepere - ali ndi mimba ndi mapiko osavomerezeka. Njuchi zotere ziyenera kutayidwa atangozindikira vuto, kuwatulutsa panja pa malo owetera njuchi.
Pa nthawi ya chithandizo, tizilombo timapatsidwa chakudya - manyuchi a shuga, uchi ndi zina zambiri. Ndikofunika kutsatira malamulo aukhondo kuntchito, thanzi la dzombe ndi kuteteza malo onse owetera njuchi kumadalira.
Kuti ming'oma itetezeke, ming'oma iyenera kukhala pamalo ouma, ndipo tizilomboti tizipatsidwa zakudya zokwanira zokwanira.
Njuchi zotentha
Imfa ya njuchi okhwima ndi ana chifukwa cha kutentha ndi chinyezi... Matendawa amapezeka pamene tizilombo timakondwera mumng'oma wotsekedwa, mpweya wabwino komanso kukanika pamene mukuyenda.
Tadwala, tizilombo timatulutsa phokoso, makoma a mng'oma ndi matabwa otentha ndi otentha kwambiri. Pofufuza banjali, amapeza njuchi zambiri zakufa kapena zakufa komanso zisa zouma zouma.
Chithandizo chake ndikutsegula ming'oma mwachangu kuti njuchi ziziuluka.... Pansi pa bokosi liyenera kutsukidwa ndi mliri ndi zidutswa za zisa.
Pofuna kupewa Kutentha, mabanja amasiya kuchuluka kwa zosindikizidwa, kusiya malo ambiri mkati ndikutchingira dzuwa.
Honeydew toxicosis njuchi
Matenda a njuchi omwe amapezeka mukamadya uchi wokoma ndipo umatha imfa ya tizilombo ndi ana.
Matendawa akawonekera mawanga ofiira akuda amawonekera pa zisa ndi makoma a mng'oma - chopondapo njuchi.
Kuchiza chilimwe, gwiritsirani ntchito zakudya zowonjezera kuchokera ku madzi a shuga 1-1.5 malita, ndi m'nyengo yozizira - uchi wochokera ku zitsamba, kapena shuga woyengedwa, woviikidwa pang'ono m'madzi; Ming'oma yakhazikitsidwa kale kwambiri - yoyeretsa maulendo apandege komanso kupereka chakudya chapamwamba kwa tizilombo.
Pofuna kupewa, pakakhala kuti palibe ziphuphu, gawo la njuchi zomwe zimayenda nthawi yayitali zimabzalidwa ndi masamba a uchi kapena ming'oma imapita nawo kudera lobzala zochuluka.
Matenda opatsirana a njuchi ndi zizindikiro zawo
Matenda opatsirana a njuchi - mndandanda wa matenda, omwe amapezeka ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mavairasi ndi bowa lazomera. Chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda opatsirana - Madera a njuchi odwala amapatsira omwe ali ndi thanzi.
Kuthamangitsidwa
Matenda oyambitsidwa ndi bowa Askofera, imafalitsa mphutsi za drone ndi njuchi za masiku 4-5 azaka zakubadwa.
Ndi matenda Mitembo ya ana yowonongeka imawonekera, Zikuwoneka ngati zidutswa za choko kapena laimu. Tizilombo tokhwima sikhala ndi matendawa, koma timanyamula.
Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso kudyetsa madzi ndi kuwonjezera 10 ml ya 5% ya ayodini pa lita imodzi ya madzi.
Njira zodzitetezera:
- Pitirizani mng'oma dzuwa;
- chotsani chisa cha uchi chokhudzidwa;
- osapereka dawunilodi uchi;
- gwiritsa ntchito kutulutsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi 10% hydrogen peroxide ndi formic acid;
- kutentha uchi wadzaza ndi mliri.
Zosakaniza
Matenda opatsirana a mphutsi ndi njuchi zokhwimazomwe zimabweretsa kuuma ndi kufa. Bowa la matendawa amabweretsedwa mumng'oma ndi njuchi ndi mungu.
Mukakhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV, ana akufa amafota ndikulimba. Mtundu umatha ndikusintha kukhala wachikaso, ndikudzaza ndi pachimake chakuda ndi choyera. Poyamba, tizilombo timakondwera, pambuyo - timatha mphamvu, ndipo m'mimba timauma.
Mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza, chotsani miliri yonse ndikuchiritsa ming'oma ndi 10% hydrogen peroxide ndi 0,5% ya boric acid. Njuchi zimapatsidwa zakudya zowonjezera.
Pofuna kupewa Tizilombo timasungidwa muming'oma youma, ndikupatsidwa chakudya chokwanira. Nthaka yomwe ili pansi pa ming'oma imakumbidwa ndi laimu, yothandizidwa ndi yankho la 4% ya formaldehyde. Maloboti onse amachitika madzulo, nyengo yotentha.
Matenda ndi tiziromboti pa njuchi zimawononga kwambiri malo owetera, ndipo zitha kuwononga.
Paratyphoid
Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa madera a njuchi ndi mabakiteriya angapo. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi alveya. Matendawa amapatsirana kuchokera ku njuchi za kachiromboka kupita kuzamoyo zathanzi.
Mukawonongeka ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, m'mimba mumayamba kudwala. Izi zikhoza kuzindikirika poyang'ana pa ndowe za njuchi. Amakhala fetid komanso theka-madzi.
Njuchi zodwala zimadyetsedwa ndi chakudya chapadera chamankhwala... Izi zimafuna kupangidwa kwamadzi okhala ndi mayunitsi 100 zikwi za biomycin kapena 0,2 g wa chloramphenicol. M`pofunika kuphatikiza 40-50 ml ya njira ndi lita imodzi ya madzi mkangano. Chakudya chimaperekedwa katatu patsiku. Pambuyo masiku 5, muyenera kupuma.
Pofuna kupewa Ndimachiritsa ming'oma ndi 10% hydrogen peroxide ndi boric acid. Miliri yonse ndi mafelemu oyeretsedwa amawotchedwa.
Matenda a ziwalo njuchi
Matenda omwe amakhudza dongosolo lamanjenje la tizilombo ndikufoola thupi lonse. Matendawa amapatsirana kuchokera ku tizilombo todwala kupita kwa athanzi. Chonyamulira cha Germ - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timakhazikika pa njuchi.
Zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda kuonekera patatha masiku 5-10 mutadwala. Njuchi zimatha mphamvu, zomwe zimabweretsa imfa. Kutalika kwa ziwalo kuyambira masiku 7 mpaka miyezi 3.
Chinthu chachikulu ndikupatula banja lofooka kuti muteteze matenda ena onse. Chithandizo chikuchitidwa motere: malo owetera njuchi analengeza kuti akukhala kwayekha kwa chaka chimodzi, mliri wa njuchi ndi zisa za uchi zokhala ndi mafelemu zimawotchedwa.
Kuteteza matenda, koyambirira kwa chilimwe, njuchi zimadyetsedwa ndi madzi a shuga, ndi biomycin ndi tetracycline. Kumayambiriro kwa masika - bakiteriya endonuclease kuphatikiza 1 g ya magnesium chloride. Zisa zimachizidwa ndi kusakaniza kanayi masiku asanu ndi awiri.
Chisokonezo
Kufalitsa matenda opatsirana omwe amapatsira njuchi zokhwima. Matendawa amafalikira mkati mwa maola angapo, zomwe zimabweretsa kufa kwa tizilombo.
Njuchi zomwe zili ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa zimayamba kusokonezeka, kenako kufota, kuyenda pang'onopang'ono, kenako amaundana. Njuchi ikafinya, imaphwanya.
Chithandizo cha septicemia: Njuchi zimasunthidwa kuti zikagwiritsidwe ming'oma youma, mafelemu okhala ndi uchi wosasindikizidwa amachotsedwa. Mabokosiwo amasungidwa. Njuchi zimadyetsedwa 1: 1 mankhwala a shuga ndi madzi.
Nyengo isanayambe, ming'oma iyenera kuthandizidwa ndi formic acid ndi hydrogen peroxide.
Zoyipa zaku Europe
Matenda opatsirana a ana otseguka komanso osindikizidwa. Gwero la matendawa ali kale njuchi. Pambuyo pa matenda, tizilombo timayamba kutopa, kenako timamwalira.
Chithandizo zopangidwa ndi kuphatikiza ndi kutaya kwa mabanja. Sherbet amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya, chophatikiza ndi maantibayotiki osiyanasiyana, kawiri pa tsiku.
Zisa zodwalitsidwazo amazitaya, ndipo ming'oma imakhala ndi mankhwala.
Matenda opatsirana ndi mankhwala
Matenda opatsirana imafalikira ndi kachilombo kochokera m'mapaketi osiyanasiyana a zida ndi mabokosi omwe ali ndi kachilombokomanso kugula mafumukazi omwe ali ndi kachilomboka.
Varroatosis
Matenda opatsirana opatsirana chifukwa cha Varroa-Jacobsoni mite.
M'nyengo yozizira, njuchi zomwe zili ndi kachilombozi sizimapuma ndipo zimafunikira zakudya zambiri zowonjezera. Mutha kuwona tizilombo pogwiritsa ntchito pepala loyera, pomwe tizirombo timagwera.
Njira zochiritsira varroatosis:
- mankhwala - Izi ndi chithandizo cha madera a njuchi ndikukonzekera mwapadera;
- matenthedwe njira Ndibwino kuti muzichita nthawi yophukira mutatha kubereka ana.
Kupewa varroatosis:
- odana varroatous chithandizo choyambirira cha masika, chiwonetsero cha ming'oma chitatha;
- kukonza madzulo mabanja motsutsana ndi varroatosis.
Braulez
Matenda momwe Madera a njuchi amakhudzidwa ndi nsabwe... Khoswe ndi kachilombo ka njuchi ndi ana. Amakhala mthupi lawo, makamaka pamtundu wa chiberekero, kwinaku akuwasokoneza.
Pochizira, utsi wa fodya umagwiritsidwa ntchito... Nsabwe zochokera mthupi la mfumukazi ziyenera kuthetsedwa mothandizidwa ndi utsi wa fodya, komanso tikulimbikitsidwa kuyika 6-10 g wa naphthalene pamwamba pa mafelemu usiku, ndikuphimba pansi ndi pepala loyera. M'mawa, nsabwe zonse zidzawoneka.
Pofuna kupewa ming'oma imakonzedwa chaka chilichonse chionetsero chisanachitike.
Nosematosis wa njuchi
Matenda a madera a njuchi, chifukwa cha tizilombo tating'onoting'ono - nozema... Njira ya matenda ndi yodyera. Tizilombo timatsegula m'mimba komanso kufa kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira.
Chithandizo ikuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito 20.0 g wa fumagillin, wochepetsedwa mu 25 malita a madzi otsekemera a shuga. Njira ya chithandizo ndi masabata atatu.
Pofuna kupewa nosematosis mabanja olimba omwe ali ndi ziweto zambiri amasankhidwa nyengo yachisanu. Mankhwala ndi oletsedwa, chifukwa kudyetsa sikukuzindikirika ndipo mankhwala amawonongeka.
Njuchi amoebiasis
Matenda owopsa omwe amadza chifukwa cha parasitism ya amoeba Malpighamoeba mellifica. Tiziromboti timalowa m'thupi mwa njuchi mothandizidwa ndi chakudya kapena madzi.
Pofufuza, njuchi zimakhala zofooka, zimatsegula m'mimba ndikuwonjezeka kwa anthu akufa.
Chithandizo ikuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito 20.0 g wa fumagillin, wochepetsedwa mu 25 malita a madzi otentha a shuga. Njira ya chithandizo ndi masabata atatu.
Pofuna kupewa nosematosis mabanja olimba omwe ali ndi ziweto zambiri amasankhidwa nyengo yachisanu. Mankhwala ndi oletsedwa, chifukwa kudyetsa sikukuzindikirika ndipo mankhwala amawonongeka.
Njuchi acarapidosis
Nkhupakupa kufalikira kwa njuchi ndi tiziromboti Acarapis Woodi.
Zizindikiro zotchulidwa za matenda Tingawoneke kumayambiriro kwa masika nthawi yoyamba njuchi. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timafa, kugwa pansi, kusonkhana mulu kapena kukwawa pang'onopang'ono.
Pa nthawi ya chithandizo gwiritsirani ntchito utsi wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Utsi umachita bwino m'mawa kwambiri, pamene njuchi sizinatulukebe.
Pofuna kupewa malo owetera njuchi amakhala kwaokha mkati mwa utali wozungulira wa 5-7 km. Kudzipatula kumachotsedwa patatha chaka chimodzi matendawa atathetsedwa.
Matenda a njuchi amachititsa kuti alimi awonongeke kwambiri, choncho mlimi aliyense akuyenera kudziwa zovuta zomwe zingawononge "ma wadi" ake.