Nkhaka ndi imodzi mwazakudya zotchuka. Chikhalidwe ichi chidatibweretsera kuchokera ku India ndipo chalimidwa kwazaka zambiri. Masiku ano ku India palinso nkhaka zamtchire. Amapota mozungulira mitengo ngati namsongole. Ku Europe ndi Asia, mbewuyi imalimidwa makamaka m'malo obiriwira kapena m'malo otetezedwa ku mphepo. Kukula bwino, komanso zokolola zambiri, nkhaka zimafunikira chinyezi chowonjezeka. Imodzi mwa mitundu yabwino kwambiri pachikhalidwe ichi ndi mitundu ya Connie.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhaka za Connie
Mtundu wa Connie ndi wosakanizidwa onse m'nyumba zobiriwira komanso padothi lotseguka... Tchire, malinga ndi malongosoledwe ake, ndi olimba, olimba, akukula pakatikati ndi maluwa achikazi. Masamba a chomeracho ndi ofiira, apakati kukula, okhazikika mokhazikika.
Zipatso ndizochepa kukula, nthawi zambiri m'litali 7-9 masentimita, chowulungika, chaching'ono tuberous. Khungu la nkhaka ndilobiriwira, ndi minga, zoyera, koma osati zopindika. Zamkati za zobiriwira ndi zoyera, zowirira, zowutsa mudyo, osati zowawa. Zipatso zolemera pafupifupi 60-80 g.
Makhalidwe apamwamba amitundu yosiyanasiyana akuyenera kufotokozedwa:
- Iwo amayamba kubala zipatso Patatha masiku 50 kumera.
- Njira imodzi nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mazira 3 mpaka 9.
- Mitundu yambiri yololera.
- Madontho a kutentha siowopsa.
- Chipatso chimakoma kwambiri.
- Palibe zotsalira zobiriwira chifukwa chake zipatsozo ndizofunika kuzimata.
- Zipatso zimadziwika ndi chiwonetsero chabwino kwambiri.
Zizindikiro za zokolola:
- kumayambiliro ali 8.7-9.2 makilogalamu / m2;
- pambuyo pake - 12.8-16 makilogalamu / m2.
Mbeu za nkhaka zamtunduwu zitha kugulidwa m'masitolo apadera kapena m'masitolo apa intaneti.
Mitunduyi idapangidwa ndi obereketsa a kampani yaku Russia ya Biotekhnika ndi mitanda ya mitundu iwiri... Ndi kubzala koyenera, komanso chisamaliro, tchire la Connie lidzakusangalatsani ndi zokolola zambiri.
Ubwino ndi zovuta zamitundu yosiyanasiyana
Anthu okhala mchilimwe komanso wamaluwa amasankha mtundu wa Connie kuti umere chifukwa cha zabwino zake:
- Kukaniza chikhalidwe ndi matenda wamba.
- Kudzichepetsa kusamalira.
- Kulimbana ndi kusintha kwa kutentha.
- Kutalika kwa zipatso nthawi yayitali.
- Zipatso zokoma popanda kuwawidwa mtima.
- Kusapezeka kwa zipatso mu chipatso kumakulitsa kufunika kosungidwa.
Komabe, kuwonjezera pa zabwino, nkhaka za Connie zilinso ndi zovuta zina.
Osati onse omwe amalima masamba ali ndi malingaliro abwino pazachilendo ziphuphu ndi mitsempha yoyera... Kuphatikiza apo, amatsutsa komanso kukula pang'ono Zelentsov. Komabe, zovuta zomwe zili pamwambazi sizingapose zabwino zamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Zofunika panthaka yobzala
Mukamasankha malo obzala, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti nkhaka ndi mbewu yokonda dzuwa. Komabe, kuti Connie asavutike nyengo yotentha, Ndikufuna kupezeka kwa penumbra.
Nkhaka siziyenera kubzalidwa pambuyo pa mbewu za dzungu. Ndi bwino kubzala pambuyo pa kabichi, muzu masamba kapena nyemba.
Kukonzekera kwakukulu kwa nthaka ndikubweretsa chisakanizo chapadera pakuya masentimita 30. Iyenera kuphatikizapo humus, udzu, peat ndi manyowa. Izi zidzalimbikitsa nthaka ndi kutentha.
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Dera lakumtunda limamasulidwa ndikuthiridwa.
Kufesa malamulo
Kufesa ndi mbewu ndikofunikira nthaka ikaotha pang'ono pang'ono chisanu. Ndibwino kuti mubzale mbande kumapeto kwa kasupe.
Nkhaka sizimabzalidwa kawirikawiri. Pafupifupi zidutswa 2-3 zimabzalidwa pakona. Nthawi zambiri, kubzala kumachitika ndi mbande. Kwa ameneyu ayenera Pre-zilowerere mbewu.
Njira zina zothira mbewu:
- Manga nyemba mu nsalu yoyikidwa kale ndikuyika cellophane. Yotsirizayi iyenera kuyikidwa pamalo otentha. Pambuyo masiku atatu, zikumera zimayamba kuwonekera.
- Wokutani nyembazo mu nsalu yonyowa pokonza ndikuziika mu chidebe chagalasi. Phimbani chidebecho ndi chivindikiro ndikusiya kutentha. Mphukira ziwonekera masiku awiri.
Ndikoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi apampopi ozizira kuti mulowerere nyembazo. Melt kapena madzi amvula ndi oyenera, ndikutentha kopitilira 26 madigiri.
Ndikofunika kubzala mbande pasanathe masabata 2-3kotero sichikulira. Mukamabzala mbewu, amaponyedwa pansi mozama masentimita atatu.
Kusamalira mosiyanasiyana mutabzala
Nkhaka za Connie ndi wodzichepetsa chikhalidwe.
Kawirikawiri chisamaliro cha mbewu chimakhala ndi:
- glaze;
- zovala zapamwamba;
- kuwononga udzu;
- kumasula;
- kuchepetsa tizilombo.
Pofuna kuti zitsamba zizipindika, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa slats... Omalizawa azithandizira komanso kuteteza tchire ku mphepo.
Kuthirira tchire ndikulimbikitsidwa kamodzi patsiku... Kuthirira kumayenera kuchitika m'mawa kapena usiku. Masiku asanu ndi awiri aliwonse Kupalira kumayenera kuchitika.
Ngati nkhaka zimakula mu wowonjezera kutentha, muyenera kuyang'anira kuti tchire lisatenthe kwambiri. Kutentha sayenera kukhala oposa 30 madigiri... Mutabzala, mutatha masiku 20, dothi liyenera kumasulidwa.
Musanayambe maluwa, muyenera kudyetsa chikhalidwe kamodzi. Izi ziyenera kuchitika kamodzi komanso nthawi yamaluwa. Ndiye tchire limafunika kudyetsedwa kamodzi kokha masiku khumi. Kusakaniza kotsatira ndikoyenera kudyetsa: 1 lita imodzi ya manyowa osungunuka mu chidebe chamadzi. Kuvala bwino kumachitika bwino madzulo kapena nyengo yotentha.
Malangizo oyambira:
- Momwe zokolola zimadalira mapangidwe tchire, ndiye tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizidula ma axils oyamba a masamba 3-4.
- Kololani munthawi yake.
- Gwiritsani ntchito kupewa tizirombo ndi matenda 1-2 kamodzi pamwezi.
Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, chomeracho chimakondweretsa wamaluwa ndi zokolola zambiri.
Matenda ndi kupewa kwawo
Matenda, tizirombo tofala, zizindikiro za matenda, chithandizo ndi njira zopewera zikuwonetsedwa patebulo.
Tizilombo / dzina la matenda | Zizindikiro za matenda | Njira |
Nkhaka bug | Chomeracho chili ndi masamba opotoka | Kulowetsedwa fodya kapena mankhwala chamomile |
Aphid | Shriveled komanso masamba opotana | Kulowetsedwa tsabola wofiira |
Kangaude | Madontho oyera aoneke pamasamba, kenako tsamba lonse limasanduka loyera. | Kulowetsedwa kwa dandelion kapena chowawa, decoction wa nsonga za phwetekere, kulowetsedwa kwa Persian chamomile |
Gulugufe wowonjezera kutentha | Shuga yoyera pachimake imawonekera pamasamba, ndipo tsamba likatha limasanduka lakuda ndikuuma | Zolemba (0.2%) |
Mpweya | Mawanga a bulauni pa zimayambira ndi masamba, zilonda pa zipatso | Amatanthauza Oxyhom, Cuproxat, 1% yankho la Bordeaux osakaniza kapena 0.4% ya oxychloride yamkuwa |
Kuvunda koyera kapena sclerotinia | Mawanga onyowa pamzu. Kenako tsinde limakutidwa ndi chinthu choyera chofanana ndi ubweya wa thonje. | Manganese-wowawasa potaziyamu |
Nkhaka bacteriosis | Mawanga oyambira masamba, kenako ndikuphimba masamba 70-90% ndipo pang'ono ndi zimayambira, chipatsocho | 0.02% ya zinc sulphate yankho |
Njira yayikulu yodzitetezera kukulitsa izi m'malo osungira obiriwira imayesedwa kuti ikuwuluka, komanso kuwongolera kayendedwe ka kutentha.
Malamulo okolola ndi kusunga
Pakukula nkhaka za Connie m'malo owonjezera kutentha, zokolola zimayamba pafupifupi nthawi yodzala nthaka yabzala mbande. Mwachitsanzo, zokolola za nkhaka zomwe zidabzalidwa mu Epulo zimagwera koyambirira kwa Juni.
Masamba atsopano amasungidwa masiku 35 mufiriji kapena kutentha. Kuti muonjezere nthawi yosungira, muyenera kusiya mapesi osang'ambika mukamasonkhanitsa ndipo musasambe chikwangwani. Zimayambira zimamizidwa m'madzi, ndipo mderali zipatso zimasungidwa mufiriji mpaka milungu inayi.
Nkhaka za Connie ndi mitundu yosakanikirana yomwe safuna chisamaliro chapadera ndipo imakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yobala zipatso. Zipatso zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukoma kwawo kokongola ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posungira.