Chitumbuwa chokoma, monga chomera chokhudzidwa, chakhala chikudziwika kuyambira kale. Zipatso zowutsa mudyo komanso zotsekemera zimakonda kwambiri ana ndi akulu. Mwa mitundu yakumwera yamitundu yamatcheri okoma a Valery Chkalov - nthumwi yowala yosagwirizana ndi chisanu. Malongosoledwe amitundu iyi amapezeka pansipa.
Kufotokozera zamatcheri osiyanasiyana Valery Chkalov
Chitumbuwa chokoma cha mitundu yakucha msanga, yomwe idapezeka mu 1953 ndi obereketsa M.T. Oratovsky ndi S.V. Zhukov. Kusankhaku kudapangidwa ndi ntchito yolumikizana ndi siteshoni ya Melitopol Experimental Gardening yotchedwa V.I. Mphatso Sidorenko ndi Central Genetic Laboratory. Zamgululi Michurin. Wotsitsimutsa - Chitumbuwa cha Pinki cha ku Caucasus.
Mitunduyi imatchedwa kukumbukira kukumbukira woyendetsa ndege waku Soviet Valery Chkalov.
Mitunduyi imakula m'nyengo yotentha ya kontinenti ndi yotentha. M'madera ovuta a kontinenti ndi mvula, zosiyanasiyanazo sizoyenera kulimidwa. Kuyambira 1974, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yakhazikitsidwa ku North Caucasus:
- Dera la Rostov;
- Dera la Stavropol;
- Republic la Chechen;
- Republic of Ingushetia;
- Dziko la Karachay-Cherkess.
Mphukira zofiirira zofiirira zamatcheri otsekemera zimafika mpaka 5 mm mgawo. Kukula kwakukulu kwa mphukira kumalephereka ndikudulira koyambirira... Mu mbande za pachaka, mphukira zotsika zimatsalira, zomwe pambuyo pake zimapanga nthambi zamagulu.
Kutentha kwa nyengo yachisanu ndi kukana chisanu kwamitundumitundu, kumapangitsa, kutentha pang'ono mpaka 24 ° C, kutaya mpaka 2/3 wamaluwa. Izi zimathandiza kusunga zokolola zambiri. Kwambiri, zokolola zamtunduwu ndizambiri. Zizindikiro za zokolola za mitundu yosiyanasiyana kum'mwera, pazaka 10 zakubala zipatso:
- Crimea: pafupifupi - 62 makilogalamu, pazipita mlingo - 174 makilogalamu;
- Dera la Krasnodar: sing'anga - 24 - 32 kg.
Makhalidwe azipatso
Zipatso zazikulu za burgundy, zooneka ngati mtima. Zokoma ndi zamadzi ofiira ofiira, okhala ndi fupa lalikulu... Zipatso zolemera kuyambira 7 mpaka 9 magalamu. Phesi laling'ono limamangiriridwa ku chipatsocho.
Zomwe zili mu zipatso zili ndi izi:
- 13.5% - chinthu chowuma;
- 0,6% - ma asidi aulere;
- 10.7% shuga;
- 0,21 mg - asidi ascorbic.
Zosiyanasiyana ndizamitundu ya mchere, yoyenera kumalongeza.
Ubwino ndi zovuta zamitundu yosiyanasiyana
Ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana ndi izi:
- mitundu yoyamba kucha;
- zipatso zazikulu;
- madzi okoma ndi okoma zipatso zamkati;
- zokolola zambiri;
- kuyenerera kumalongeza;
- yozizira hardiness ndi chisanu kukana.
Zoyipa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zimangokhala ndi katundu m'modzi yekha. - pafupifupi kukana mafangasi.
Kudzala ndikuchoka
Podzala, mitengo yamatcheri yokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito amasankhidwa.
Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tifunika kukhala ndi magawo awa:
- zaka - 1 - 2 zaka;
- mbiya awiri - 17 mm kapena kuposa;
- kusowa kwa khungwa lamakwinya;
- kupezeka kwa 3 - 4 nthambi, mpaka 40 cm kukula;
- kusiyana kwa mtundu wa scion ndi chitsa pamalo olumikiza;
- mizu popanda kuwonongeka ndi kukula;
- palibe nthambi zosweka.
Mbande zabwino zimatsimikiziridwa ndi nazale zapadera m'derali.
Nthawi yofunikira yobzala yamatcheri ndi koyambirira kwa Epulo, masamba asanakule... Pakadali pano, mmera umazika mizu mwachangu chifukwa cha nyengo yotentha ya chaka. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kubzala yamatcheri m'dzinja. Mmera sungathe kuzika mizu mwachangu mpaka nthawi yachisanu.
Sitikufunikira kuti tisiye masamba am'mutu wa korona, womwe umadzetsa mphukira zatsopano.
Malo otsetserekawa amatetezedwa kuzipangizo. Sankhani mbali yowala pamalopo. Kukwezeka kumafunika kapena kukweza kwina ndikofunikira pobzala zipatso zamatcheri... Mitengo ya pollinator imabzalidwa pafupi ndi zipatso zabwino. Mtunda pakati pa mitengo watsalira mpaka 4 mita kuti mitengoyo izitha kufalitsa korona modekha.
Kupezeka kwa madzi apansi pamalopo kuyenera kukhala mpaka mita 3 kuya kuti mupewe kuvunda.
Dzenje lobzala limakonzedwa kugwa. Nthaka idakumba ndikubweretsa zidebe ziwiri za humus zosakanizika ndi nthaka yachonde. Dothi lokonzekera kubzala mbande, mtsogolomo limapereka mizu ndi chakudya choyenera.
Nthaka zabwino zazosiyanazi ndi za loamy ndi mchenga loam, zomwe zimalola mpweya ndi madzi kudutsa.
Kubzala mmera kumapeto kwa masika kumachitika motsatizana:
- Dziko lapansi likukumbidwa kuchokera dzenje lokonzedwa, mpaka 70 cm kuya, 80 cm m'mimba mwake.
- Msomali umakhomedwa pakati pa dzenje, pothandizira ndi kukhazikika kwa mmera.
- Amabweretsedwa pansi pa dzenje feteleza organic mu mawonekedwe a manyowa kapena manyowa.
- Tumizani:
- potaziyamu sulphate - magalamu 100;
- superphosphate - magalamu 300;
- phulusa - 1 kg.
- Onjezani feteleza dziko lapansi.
- Kufalitsa mizu, modekha pitani mmera mu dzenje.
- Wogwira mtengowo kuphimba ndi nthakaPoganizira kupezeka kwa kolala yazu pamwambapa ndi 5 cm.
- Ngakhale kuthirira pangani thunthu lozungulira mpaka masentimita 5. M'mphepete mwa bwalolo, pangani dziko lapansi ngati shaft.
- Mangani mmera kukhomedwa ndi msomali.
- Thirani mmera madzi - zidebe ziwiri.
- Kuti mulch peat pafupi-thunthu bwalo.
Kukula
Mitengo yazaka zitatu zoyambirira nthawi zonse imathirira ndi kumasula nthaka. Poterepa, kulowa kwamadzi mozama ndikofunikira pamtunda wa masentimita 40, kufikira mizu.
Ndikofunikira kutsatira ndandanda yakuthirira chitumbuwa:
- pamaso maluwa;
- mutatha maluwa;
- musanakolole masabata atatu;
- mu Okutobala.
Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuthirira mitengo nthawi yakuphuka kwa chipatsocho, chifukwa chakuthwa kwa zipatsozo.
Kudulira mbande za pachaka kumachitika mchaka, ndipo zimakhudza izi:
- kufupikitsa mbande kutalika kwa 50 cm, ndi 4 - 5 impso zopangidwa;
- kufupikitsa mphukira zammbali 1/3;
- kupeza nthambi yapakati kuposa nthambi zonse ndi 20 cm.
Ndikufupikitsa kwamphamvu kwa nthambi zapachaka mpaka 40 cm, kukula kwa mitengo kumatha kukulirakulira, ndikuletsa zipatso.
Kupanga korona m'mitengo yazaka zisanu kumaima, ndipo kudulira kumachitika:
- kutalika kwa mtengo mpaka mamita 3.5;
- nthambi yapakati ndi mphukira zoyandikira, pamlingo wopitilira nthambi zopingasa zapafupi ndi 20 cm;
- mphukira zamphamvuzomwe zalunjikitsidwa mu korona;
- nsonga nthambi zakukula kwamatambo;
- nthambi zammbali akorona.
Kudulira kumakhudza kukula kwa korona ndikuteteza tizirombo ndi matenda.
Chaka chilichonse amafunika kuwonjezera thunthu mpaka 1 cm. Dera la bwalolo liyenera kukonzedwanso nthawi ndi nthawi ndi zokutira mulch... Komanso tithe kumasula ndi kupalira. M'chaka ndi kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, feteleza wa nayitrogeni amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amachepetsa nyengo yokula pamitengo. Feteleza ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu amathiridwa nthawi yophukira. Manyowa otsatirawa amafunika:
- urea youma - 120 g;
- yankho la urea - magalamu 30 pa chidebe chimodzi cha madzi: Meyi - Juni - katatu, kenako kumasula ndi kuthirira.
Kwa mitengo yazaka zinayi, mzere wozungulira ukuwonjezeka mpaka masentimita 40. Izi ndichifukwa chakukula kwa mizu.
Pamsinkhu uwu, mitengo imafuna umuna:
- kumayambiriro kwa masika onjezerani urea wouma - magalamu 150 ndikutsanulira;
- kugwa kuwonjezera potaziyamu sulphate - magalamu 100, granular superphosphate - 300 magalamu.
Mitengo ya chaka chachisanu cha moyo imadyetsedwa:
- mchaka -Pa ndowa imodzi yamadzi - magalamu 30 a ammophos; urea - magalamu 200 - mu mzere;
- kugwa - pamtengo umodzi - 20 makilogalamu a humus.
Feteleza iyenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi nthawi yake ndi kuchuluka kwake kuti musachedwe kumangiriza mphukira zamitengo.
Kukonzekera yamatcheri m'nyengo yozizira kumakhala ndi mitengo yoyera... Izi ziteteza mitengo ku tizirombo ndi matenda.
Chochitikachi chimachitika ndikusungunuka kwa kapangidwe katsamba, munjira ziwiri zomwe mungasankhe:
- PVA guluu - 2 tbsp. supuni, laimu - 300 magalamu;
- madzi - 2 l, mkaka - magalamu 100, mkuwa sulphate ndi fumbi - 1 tbsp. supuni.
Onetsetsani kuti mwaphimba mitengoyo ndi mitengo ya spruce m'nyengo yozizira. Manga mtengowo ndi nthambi za mafupa ndi burlap. Thunthu la thunthu limapangidwanso ndi peat watsopano. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera komanso chosasunthika, zokolola zamtunduwu zimapezeka mutabzala mbande patatha zaka zisanu, kenako chaka chilichonse.... Fruiting imachitika koyambirira kwa Juni. Avereji yokolola mitengo 10 - 15 wazaka ndi 62 kg.
Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana
- Zosiyanasiyana ndi gwero la ma multivitamin complexokhala ndi flavonoids, carotene, pectins, shuga, amapindulitsanso zinthu zazing'ono komanso zazikulu.
- Cherry wokoma ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera kasupe beriberi... Mankhwala achikhalidwe amagwiritsa ntchito yamatcheri ngati okodzetsa pochizira matenda a impso. Amayankhula thupi, kumathandiza kuchepetsa kunenepa ndikuwongolera thupi.
- Chifukwa cha zipatso za chitumbuwa, makoma a ma capillaries amalimbikitsidwa, kuthandizira matenda opatsirana chifukwa cha zomwe zili mu coumarin m'matcheri, malire otseketsa magazi amachepetsedwa. Amathandizira kuthana ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi komanso kupangika kwa magazi ndi zipilala.
- Ofooka m'mimba motility amatha kubwezeretsedwanso ndi madzi a chitumbuwa... Zimathandizira kuyamwa kwa chimbudzi ndikuthandizira kupweteka m'mimba. Imakhalanso ngati wolamulira pochepetsa mafuta m'magazi a cholesterol.
- Zipatso zimayambira pamitundu yosiyanasiyana zimathandizira pakuwongolera zochitika zamtima... Amathandiza thupi ndi mkwiyo ndi neurosis.
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Kukopa kwamatcheri kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri kotero kuti kumakopa anthu ndi matenda osiyanasiyana ndi zipatso zake. Kubzala mbande nthawi zonse kumafuna chisamaliro chapadera kwa iwo. Komabe, kusamalira yamatcheri sikungatsimikizire kutetezedwa kwamitengo pamavuto onse. Pofuna kupewa matenda ndi tizirombo tomwe timakhala ndi yamatcheri, chidziwitso chofunikira kuchokera pamatebulo chithandizira polimbana nawo.
Dzina la matendawa | Nthawi yopatsira | Chiwonetsero cha matendawa | Njira zowongolera |
---|---|---|---|
Coccomycosis | Pakati pa Julayi - kumapeto kwa Ogasiti | Mawonekedwe a masamba. Masamba akugwa. | Utsi: 2 ml "Skor" mumtsuko wamadzi; 3 g "Horus" pachidebe chilichonse chamadzi (nthawi yotentha); |
Kupatsirana (zowola zipatso) | Nthawi yonse yachilimwe, makamaka nthawi yamaluwa. | Amadziwonetsera makamaka m'malo owala ndikuyamba kuvunda. | 2 ml "Topazi" mumtsuko wamadzi; 3 g wa Horus pa chidebe chamadzi. |
Matenda a Clasterosporium (malo opopera) | Chilimwe chonse | Maonekedwe a mawanga pamasamba, akusandulika mabowo. | 25 g "Ridomila" pachidebe chilichonse chamadzi. Kusintha kwa malo odulidwa ndi vitriol. |
Dzina la tizilombo | Nthawi yowonekera | Chiwonetsero cha tizilombo | Njira zowongolera |
---|---|---|---|
Ntchentche ya Cherry | Meyi mpaka Juni | Nyongolotsi zazing'ono pa zipatso. | 10 ml "Fufanon" mumtsuko wamadzi; 2.5 ml ya "Kinmix" mumtsuko wamadzi. |
Weevil wamatcheri | Meyi mpaka Juni | Maonekedwe a nsikidzi pa maluwa. | 8 g "Aktara" pachidebe chamadzi; 50 ml ya "Lepidocide" mumtsuko wamadzi. Kutentha masamba owonongeka. |
Cherry mphukira njenjete | Mu Meyi | Kuwonekera pa maluwa. | 1.5 g "Confidor" pachidebe chamadzi. |
Msuzi wa Cherry | Meyi mpaka Julayi | Kupeza nsabwe za m'masamba ndi pedicels. | 10 ml "Fufanon" mumtsuko wamadzi; Ntchito: sungani 200 g wa adyo wapansi m'madzi kwa mphindi 20. |
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri imachita bwino kwambiri ndi okonda mitengo yazipatso, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake odabwitsa... Kusamalira moyenerera kwamatcheri kumapereka zipatso zokoma kwa onse okonda zosiyanasiyana ndi mphotho yoyenera.