Akalulu ndi nyama zofatsa zomwe zimatha kudwala matenda osiyanasiyana. Kuweta sikophweka, chifukwa kumawoneka ngati oweta akalulu, chifukwa nthawi zambiri ziwetozi zimakumana ndi matenda owopsa monga coccidiosis. Pofuna kuteteza ana anu ku imfa, nkofunika kudziwa momwe matendawa amadziwonetsera.
Kudziwa zizindikilozo, ndizotheka kale mgawo loyamba kuchita chithandizo choyenera. Nanga coccidiosis ndi chiyani mu akalulu? Kodi mungathane nawo bwanji? Tiyeni tiwone bwino zizindikilo ndi mfundo zakuchizira coccidiosis akalulu.
Coccidiosis mu akalulu
Coccidiosis ndi matenda omwe amayambitsidwa ndi tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono ta coccidia. Zimasokoneza chiwindi ndi matumbo a nyama. Akalulu achichepere azaka za miyezi 3-4 amatha kutenga matendawa. Komabe, akuluakulu nawonso sangatengeke ndi matenda oopsawa.
Akatswiri amatero Mafinya a matendawa amapezeka mthupi la kalulu kuyambira masiku oyamba kubadwa, monga momwe munthu amabadwira ndi mphutsi ndi ma helminths ena. Kukhalapo kwa coccidia mthupi la nyama sikungabweretse ngozi, chinthu chachikulu sikuloleza ndikupangitsa kuti asatulukire, kukula ndi kuwonekera kwa matendawa coccidiosis.
Chiwalo chokhudzidwa ndi coccidia sichithanso kugwira ntchito bwino. Zotsatira zake, gawo lina lazakudya zomwe sizidya sizingamezeke, zida zonse zofunikira sizimalowetsedwa mthupi. Pachifukwa ichi, kalulu wodwala amayamba kuonda, thupi limafooka kenako limamwalira.
Akalulu amatengeka kwambiri ndi matenda, omwe amasintha zosakaniza. Izi zikufotokozera milandu pomwe kalulu adwala chifukwa chosintha mkaka wa mayi kupita ku zosakaniza.
Magwero ndi zomwe zimayambitsa matenda
Ma cycidial cysts ambiri amapezeka mchimbudzi cha nyama zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka. Nthawi zina tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timadutsa ndowe kupita kuzinthu zozungulira, chakudya, chomwe chimatha kubweretsa matenda kwa anthu ena athanzi. Chifukwa chake, gwero lalikulu la kachilombo ka coccidiosis limawerengedwa ngati kulumikizana komanso zonyansa.
Magwero a matenda a coccidiosis ndi awa:
- Kudzera mu zosakaniza za chakudya, madzi, komanso kudzera mkaka, womwe uli ndi coccidia wakupsa;
- Infection kudzera chopondapo cha anthu kachilombo;
- Kuchokera kuzinyama zina zomwe zimakhala ndi kachilomboka;
- Mkaka wa kalulu woyamwitsa amene ali ndi matenda;
- Makoswe osiyanasiyana, mbalame, tizilombo;
- Zida, yunifolomu ya ogwira ntchito kumunda.
Nthawi zambiri, nyama zimadwala matendawa m'mafamu omwe ogwira ntchito samanyalanyaza ndikusamalira miyezo yoyenera yaukhondo. Nthawi zina nyama zomwe zimakhala m'makola osadetsedwa zimadya ndowe zomwe zimakhala ndi coccidia kenako zimadwala.
Zinthu zomwe zimathandizira kukulitsa matendawa:
- Kusunga akalulu mu khola limodzi mothithikana;
- Kulephera kutsatira zikhalidwe zakazokha pakubwezeretsa anthu atsopano;
- Ngati ma cell ali pamalo olakwika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makoswe kapena mbalame zilowemo, zonyamula opatsirana;
- Kulephera kutsatira malamulo aukhondo ndi ziweto zoweta ziweto.
Matendawa samafalikira ndi madontho oyenda pandege, ndi mliri mwachilengedwe. Kufalikira kwake kumafotokozedwa ndikuti pamene tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timalowa muzogulitsa, zovala zogwirira ntchito za ogwira ntchito m'mafamu, odyetsa, chakudya ndi zinthu zina, zimasamutsidwa msanga kuzinyama zanyama.
Zotsatira zake, ana onse omwe amakhala m'maselowa ali ndi kachilombo. Coccidia imagonjetsedwa ndi zinthu zaukali, nthawi zina ngakhale kuthira tizilombo sikuthandizira kuchotsa tizilomboto. Chokhacho chomwe chimapha tiziromboti ndi kuchiza chipinda ndi madzi otentha.
Mitundu ya matenda
Kutengera kudera lomwe amafalitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, matendawa ndi amtunduwu:
- M'matumbo coccidiosis;
- Chiwindi coccidiosis.
Zizindikiro zamatendawa ndizosiyana.... Kuti mupereke mankhwala oyenera, muyenera kudziwa zizindikilo za mitundu iwiri ya coccidiosis kuti muzizindikire munthawiyo ndikuyamba chithandizo.
Zizindikiro za kalulu coccidosis
Coccidiosis imapezeka pachimake komanso pachimake. Coccidiosis mwamphamvu imawonekera tsiku lachitatu pambuyo pogonjetsedwa.
Koma coccidiosis yomwe imakhalapo nthawi yayitali imachitika munthu akadwala kale ndikuchira matendawa. Nthawi zina zina mwazomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zimatsalira mthupi, koma nthawi yomweyo sizimapweteketsa chiwindi ndi matumbo.
Zizindikiro za m'mimba
Matumbo a coccidiosis amadziwika kuti ndi mawonekedwe owopsa omwe akukula mwachangu. Amatsagana ndi zizindikilo zoopsa.
Pakati pa matumbo, matenda amawonekera:
- Kuyamba kwa kusintha kwa m'mimba mwachangu mwachangu komanso kudzimbidwa;
- Ndowe za nyama zimakhala ndi zotuluka zam'mimba ndi zamagazi;
- Kuwonjezeka kwamphamvu kwa kutentha kwa thupi. Thupi la nyama ndi lotentha mokwanira kukhudza;
- Nthawi zina mumazindikira kuphulika;
- Kulakalaka kudya kapena kusalakalaka konse;
- Kukula pang'onopang'ono kwa thupi lanyama, kuima kwake kwathunthu;
- Kutuluka kwamaso m'maso, mphuno;
- Ubweyawo umakhala wopanda bwino, umawoneka wosokonezeka, wopanda kuwala;
- Mimba imakhala yopunduka komanso yopunduka.
Kalulu amakhala ndi kukokana thupi lonse asanamwalire.... Nyamayo imatha kugwa chagada, kwinaku ikuponya mmbuyo mutu wake ndikuyenda mofulumira ndi zikhasu zake. Ngati njira zoyenera sizitengedwa munthawi yake ndipo chithandizo choyenera sichinaperekedwe, munthuyo amatha kumwalira patatha milungu iwiri.
Kuti muzindikire molondola kuti womwalirayo adadwaladwala coccidiosis, amamuyesa mtembo. Ndi coccidiosis, ma specks oyera kapena ma nodule ambiri amapezeka pachiwindi ndi m'matumbo.
Zizindikiro za chiwindi (ngati pali mawanga oyera pachiwindi)
Mosiyana ndi m'matumbo coccidiosis, mawonekedwe amtundu wa chiwindi samadziwika kwambiri ndipo siowopsa kwenikweni. Imatenga nthawi yayitali, kuyambira masiku 30 mpaka masiku 59.
Momwe zimapangidwira, chinyama chimakhala ndi zizindikilo monga m'mimba coccidiosis, kokha mtundu wachikasu wa nembanemba wamaso umawonjezedwa, ndipo mawanga oyera amawonekera pachiwindi.
Zotsatira zabwino pamaso pa mawonekedwe a chiwindi ndizokwera kwambiri kuposa m'mimba. Koma nthawi zambiri matendawa amakhala osachiritsika. Zotsatira zake, wodwalayo amakhala owopsa kwa akalulu ena, chifukwa chake amayenera kuyikidwa kwina. Munthu amene ali ndi kachilomboka amatha kufa kapena kuchira pambuyo pa miyezi ingapo.
Akalulu, mitundu iwiri ya coccidiosis imachitika nthawi imodzi. Zotsatira zake, imfa imachitika.
Kodi ziweto zodwala zitha kuchiritsidwa bwanji?
Kodi mungachiritse bwanji coccidiosis mu akalulu? Coccidiosis imachiritsidwa bwino ndi mankhwala. Mankhwala a matendawa amagulitsidwa m'masitolo ambiri owona za ziweto. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza komanso kupewa.
Pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa, anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo amayikidwa mu khola lina. Khola, momwe muli nyama zodwala, amatetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikutenthedwa ndi mpweya wotentha. Ngati mankhwala ayambitsidwa kuyambira masiku oyamba a matendawa, ndiye kuti mwayi woti achire uzikhala wapamwamba kwambiri.... Ndi chithandizo cha panthawi yake, kupulumuka kwake ndi 75-80%.
Momwe mungaperekere mankhwala (momwe mungachepetsere ndi kuchuluka kwake)?
Coccidiosis mu akalulu amachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala awa:
- Vetom;
- Baycox;
- Sulfadimetatoxin;
- Sulfapyridazine;
- Phthalazole;
- Furazolidone;
- Solicox.
Malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala:
- Sulfadimetatoxin, Sulfapyridazine. Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa ndi madzi. Imawonjezeredwa kumadzi akumwa. Patsiku loyamba, magalamu 0.2 a mankhwalawa amaperekedwa pa kilogalamu imodzi ya kulemera kwa nyama, m'masiku anayi otsatira a chithandizo, magalamu 0.1 a mankhwala amaperekedwa pa kilogalamu imodzi ya kulemera kwa nyama. Pambuyo pake, muyenera kupuma kwa masiku 5 ndikubwereza mankhwalawo;
- Phthalazol. Kupititsa patsogolo zotsatira zake, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino molumikizana ndi Norsulfazole. Wokhudzidwayo amapatsidwa magalamu 0.3 a Norsulfazole ndi magalamu 0.1 a Phthalazole pa kilogalamu imodzi ya kulemera kwa kalulu. Njira yothandizira ndi mankhwalawa iyenera kukhala pafupifupi masiku asanu. Pambuyo pake, muyenera kupuma kwa masiku 5 ndipo mankhwalawo abwerezedwanso;
- Furazolidone... Pa coccidiosis, kalulu wokhudzidwa amapatsidwa tsiku ndi tsiku 30 mg ya mankhwala pa kilogalamu imodzi ya kulemera kwa munthu. Njira ya chithandizo ndi sabata;
- Zamgululi... Chida ichi chimadziwika kuti ndi chothandiza kwambiri pochiza coccidiosis. Nthawi zonse imakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino ndipo nthawi zambiri imathandizira kuchiza matendawa. Ambiri obala akalulu akuti ngakhale magawo apamwamba a coccidiosis amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi chida ichi. Malangizo a chida ichi akuwonetsa njira zingapo zogwiritsira ntchito. Mutha kubaya ma cubes awiri pokonzekera munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo kenako ndikutsanulira mankhwalawo kwa womwa mowa pa 0.2 ml pa kilogalamu imodzi ya kulemera kwa nyama. Nthawi zina mankhwalawa amatsukidwa ndi madzi ndipo, malinga ndi malangizo, amaperekedwa kwa nyama yomwe ili ndi kachilombo pamlingo wa 10 ml kamodzi patsiku. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni kumatha kufotokozedwera ku chipatala cha zamankhwala kapena kuwerenga mwatsatanetsatane malangizo oti mugwiritse ntchito;
- Levomycetin ndi Sulfadimezin... Nthawi zina, ndi coccidiosis, chinyama chimatha kupatsidwa yankho la chloramphenicol, mankhwalawa amaperekedwa pamlingo wa magalamu 40, kapena mankhwala a Sulfadimezin atha kupatsidwa mulingo wa 150 mg.
Malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ena a coccidiosis mu akalulu amapezeka mumalangizo a iwo. Kawirikawiri, malangizo amafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mikhalidwe ndi malamulo a kumwa mankhwala.
Kumbukirani, ngakhale kalulu atapulumuka coccidiosis, ayenera kutumizidwa kukapha. Nyama yomwe yatulutsidwa sikhala yoyenera kuberekanso ana.
Chithandizo ndi mankhwala azitsamba (ayodini)
Obereketsa akalulu ambiri odziwa kuti chithandizo cha akalulu chimatha ndi mankhwala azitsamba, mwachitsanzo, ndi ayodini. Imaletsa kukula kwa coccidia ndipo imayambitsa makutidwe ndi okosijeni azinthu zomwe sizinayendetsedwe ndi m'mimba.
Malamulo azithandizo la coccidiosis ndi ayodini wa akalulu:
- Pa tsiku la 25 la mimba, akazi amathiriridwa ndi yankho la 0.01% la ayodini pa mlingo wa 100 ml tsiku lililonse;
- Pa tsiku lachisanu kuchokera pomwe anawo adawonekera, ayodini ayenera kuchotsedwa pazakudya, patsiku lachisanu amabwezedwa;
- Ayodini ayenera kuperekedwa kwa anthu kwa masiku ena 15.... Tsiku lililonse muyenera kupereka 0.02% ya ayodini muyezo wa 200 ml. Zotsatira zake, chitetezo kumatenda sichiperekedwa kokha kwa akalulu, komanso kwa akalulu omwe, chifukwa amalandira ayodini limodzi ndi mkaka wa mayi;
- Onetsetsani kuti mutangotha mvula ya akalulu kuchokera ku kalulu muyenera kumwa njira ya 0.01% ya ayodini. Tsiku lililonse, munthu m'modzi ayenera kupatsidwa 50 ml ya ayodini yankho;
- Pambuyo masiku khumi, njira ya ayodini iyenera kuchotsedwa pa zakudya;
- Pafupi Pambuyo masiku asanu, muyenera kuthiranso nyama ndi yankho la ayodini... Amamwa njira ya 0.02% ya ayodini pa mlingo wa 100 ml. Njira ya mankhwala ayenera kukhala masiku 15.
Osasungunula yankho la ayodini muchidebe chachitsulo. Iodini, ikamayanjana ndi chitsulo, imatayika kwathunthu.
Kupewa matenda
Zachidziwikire, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi ayodini ndichinthu choyenera kuchiza coccidiosis, koma munthu sayenera kuiwala za kupewa. Chifukwa nthawi zina kutsatira njira zodzitetezera kumatha kuletsa zovuta zonse kwa ana onse a kalulu.
Kumbukirani malamulo awa opewera coccidiosis akalulu:
- Osayenera akalulu ayenera kutsukidwa pafupipafupi. Nthawi zonse zizikhala zoyera komanso zopanda ndowe ndi zinyalala za chakudya;
- Ndikofunikira kutsuka osamwa tsiku lililonse ndikusintha madzi mwa iwo nthawi zonse;
- Odyetsa ayenera kukhala oyera nthawi zonse, zinyalala zonse zazakudya ziyenera kuchotsedwa;
- Kulepheretsa kulowa m'maselo a nyama ndi makoswe osiyanasiyana;
- Ndikofunikira kuti azilekanitsa achikulire ndi nyama zazing'ono;
- Zinyama zazing'ono ziyenera kusungidwa m'makola akuluakulu opanda mitu 25;
- Nthawi zonse, ndikofunikira kuti muzisintha malo okhala akalulu tsiku lililonse ndi madzi otentha ndi nyali ya ultraviolet;
- Osadyetsa achinyamata ndi chinangwa, nyemba, nyemba zamchere ndi zosakaniza zina zomwe zimakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri;
- Anthu omwe agulidwa posachedwa amasungidwa kwaokha kwa mwezi umodzi;
- Ndikofunikira kuti panthawi yodyetsa ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti udzu, udzu kapena mbewu za mizu sizigwera pansi zodetsedwa ndi ndowe.
Pali mankhwala abwino omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa coccidiosis mu akalulu - Zoalen. Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kwa nyama kwa masiku 10. Kwa kilogalamu imodzi ya chakudya, onjezerani 250 mg ya mankhwala tsiku lililonse. Tikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa akalulu ndi zosakaniza zapadera zamagulu, zomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu zofunika kupewa coccidiosis.
Coccidiosis mu akalulu ndi matenda owopsa omwe ndi ovuta kuchiza. Ndibwino kuti muyambe kuchiza matendawa kuyambira masiku oyamba.
Komabe, oweta akalulu ambiri nthawi zina samatha kudziwa kupezeka kwa matenda kuyambira masiku oyamba, chifukwa chake amasintha kukhala gawo lalikulu.
Nthawi zambiri, siteji ikapita, nyama imamwalira, ngakhale atalandira chithandizo. Madokotala azachipatala ambiri amalangiza kuti ngakhale anthu atapulumuka pambuyo pa coccidiosis, ndibwino kuwatumiza kukapha. Izi ndichifukwa choti matendawa amatha kupezekanso pakatha miyezi ingapo. Koma ndizotheka kudya nyama ya kalulu yodwala coccidia? Veterinarier pankhaniyi sagwirizana. Mulimonsemo, ndibwino kuti musayike pachiwopsezo.
Tikulimbikitsidwa kuwotcha mitembo yomwe yamwalira itatha kachilomboka chifukwa matendawa amatha kufalikira kwa anthu athanzi.
Ndipo pamapeto pake, kanema wachidule pamutuwu: