Wotulutsayo amadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wa mavwende woyamba kucha. Ndiwotchuka pakati pa alimi makamaka chifukwa cha zokolola zake, kulimbana ndi matenda komanso juiciness wa chipatsocho. Munkhaniyi, tikambirana za kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a opanga mavwende. Komanso phunzirani za mtundu wa ukadaulo waulimiwu.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a wopanga mavwende osiyanasiyana
Wopanga mavwende anabalidwa ndi anthu aku America kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900. Wopanga akukhulupirira kuti ndi mtundu wabwino wa mavwende a Crimson Sweet. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa mtundu watsopanowu ndikuti ndi bwino kutetezedwa ku matenda otchuka monga anthracnose ndi zowola, chifukwa chake zokolola zake ndizokwera kwambiri.
Wopanga amalemera makilogalamu 10 mpaka 20, kutengera momwe zinthu zikulira komanso matekinoloje. Ziphuphu zimafika masentimita 30 mpaka 40. Ili ndi mawonekedwe owulungika. Makungwawo ndi apakatikati, okhala ndi mikwingwirima yobiriwira ndi yobiriwira. Zamkatazo ndi zofiira kwambiri, zowala kwambiri. Mbeu ndi zakuda pakatikati. Kukoma ndi kokoma, shuga.
Scorik yakula kumadera akumwera a Russia - Krasnodar, Caucasus. Komanso ku Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Tajikistan. Kulima kumatheka pakati panjira komanso ngakhale ku Siberia, koma munthawi ya wowonjezera kutentha ndi umisiri wothirira.
Mbiri yakubereka
Africa imawerengedwa kuti ndi malo obadwira mavwende. Koma mavwende omwe amadyedwa tsopano ("ma canteens") adawoneka koyamba ku Egypt. Kufuma apo, ŵakamba kufalikira pa charu chose. M'zaka za zana la 20, asayansi adayamba kulimbana ndi ntchito yopanga mavwende mosalekeza - kusungitsa yayitali kwinaku akusunga kukoma kwake ndi kulemera kwake. Anthu aku America adakwanitsa kuchita bwino. Umu ndi momwe mitundu yoyamba ya Crimson Sweet idawonekera, ndipo kuchokera kwa iwo mitundu yabwino idawoneka - wopanga.
Madera omwe akukula kwambiri: USA, Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, China.
Ubwino ndi zovuta
Zinthu zabwino ndi izi:
- Zokoma
- Zazikulu
- Onunkhira
- zipsa molawirira
- Kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda
Zosayenera:
- Wopanda tanthauzo
- Zimatengera nyengo
- Pamafunika kuthirira ndi kudyetsa kwapadera
- mkati sikuti nthawi zonse kumakhala kokwanira
Kudzala mbewu za mbande
Ndibwino kusankha mbeu zoyambirira kukhwima, ndimasomphenya a masiku pafupifupi 90, kapena hybrids omwe amalimbana ndi nyengo yozizira. Mbewu za mbande ziyenera kubzalidwa kumapeto kwa Epulo - koyambirira kwa Meyi.
Chisakanizo cha utuchi, nthaka ndi humus ndizoyenera ngati dothi, mutha kuwonjezera peat. Gawo liyenera kukhala 3: 1. Pofuna kuti musavutike, mutha kugula dothi lapadera la mavwende ndi malo ogulitsira mdziko muno. Lili ndi zigawo zonse zofunika.
Musanayambe kubzala, mbewu ziyenera kukonzekera:
- Sungani mu kapu yamadzi ndi 3% sodium chloride solution.
- Muzimutsuka nyembazo zomwe zakhazikika pansi mu gauze pansi pa madzi
- youma.
- kutentha kwa maola 2 kutentha kwa madigiri 55-60.
- sungani potaziyamu permanganate kwa theka la ora
- ikani cheesecloth pa loko, dikirani mulomo.
Ndi bwino kubzala mbewu mumiphika ina ya peat, chifukwa pamakhala mwayi wambiri wowononga mizu mukamabzala panja.
Kufikira teknoloji:
- pangani mabowo kale mumiphika yokonzedwa ndi dothi
- bzalani mbewu yotuluka
- Drizzle.
- Kuti mumere mwachangu, tsekani ndi zojambulazo ndikuyika malo otentha.
Kufika pamalo otseguka
Pofuna kubzala mbewu za mavwende pamalo otseguka, muyenera kusankha malo. Kuyenera kukhala kotentha komanso kotentha. Anyezi, tomato, kabichi sayenera kumera pafupi. Komanso, simungabzale pomwe mavwende adakula kale. Choyamba muyenera kukumba nthaka, kuimasula ku namsongole. Manyowa ndi utuchi, humus.
Kufikira teknoloji:
- Pangani ma grooves
- Kwezani mbewu 5 cm kuya mtunda wa 2 cm wina ndi mnzake
- Thirani madzi ofunda.
Kusamalira ndi kulima
Zovala zapamwamba. Patatha mwezi umodzi mutabzala, zikwapu zikawonekera kale, muyenera kuthirira mavwende ndi mullein (1: 6), superphosphate (1:15). Chitani chakudya chotsatira pakakhala thumba losunga mazira kale.
Kuthirira... Kutsirira kuyenera kuchitidwa kawiri patsiku pakukula kwamphamvu. Ndiye zidzakhala zokwanira kamodzi pa sabata. Zipatso zikayamba kuonekera, kuthirira kumaima.
Kukhazikika. Chivwende nthawi zonse chimafuna kutentha. Kutentha kwakukulu ndi madigiri 25-30.
Kumeta tsitsi. Dulani nsonga za mphukira munthawi yake kuti zipatsozo zikhale zazikulu.
Kubereka
Mavwende amafalitsidwa ndi mbewu. Mwachilengedwe, chipatsocho chimatha kugwa, kuphwanya, ndipo nyembazo zimagwirizana pansi.
Mavwende opanda mbewa amafalitsidwa ndi mungu wochokera ku mitundu ya amayi ndi abambo. Palibe ana okhalitsa.
Makhalidwe a aerotechnics
- Wopanga Zosiyanasiyana ndi wopanda tanthauzo kwambiri. Ndizovuta kuthana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, kuyang'anira kulikonse posamalira.
- Matenda osagwirizana ndi matenda ndi anthracnose.
- Zokolola zambiri.
- Kukula kwa mbewu kumafika 95%.
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Ngakhale kuti wopanga ali ndi chitetezo chokwanira chovunda ndi anthracnosePalinso tizirombo tina tambiri ndi matenda oyenera kudziwa.
Mavwende nsabwe... Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timayambitsa matenda a chivwende. Mawanga akuda amawonekera, zimayambira zokha. Kuti musunge chivwende, muyenera kuchotseratu mphukira zamatenda.
Kangaude... Monga lamulo, zimawoneka mbande zikangobzalidwa. Nthambi ya pansi pa masamba, pomwe nkhupakupa imakhala. Mmerawo umayambanso kuuma pang’onopang’ono. Pofuna kuteteza matendawa, masamba okhudzidwa ayenera kuwotchedwa. Komanso nthawi zonse perekani ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Powdery mildew... Mtundu wa bowa. Zimayambira ndi mawanga oyera, pang'onopang'ono zimauma. Bowa uwu ukapezeka pa chivwende, muyenera kuchotsa zimayambira za matenda ndikupopera njirayo poyimitsa caratan.
Mizu yowola... Nkhungu zopweteka m'nthaka. Chomeracho chimafota ndi kufa msanga. Pofuna kupewa izi, muyenera kuwonongeratu nthaka (ma labotale apadera, etc.)
Kupewa matenda ambiri
Musanadzalemo, muyenera kupopera nthaka ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Yang'anani mbewu tsiku ndi tsiku, chotsani masamba ndi nthunzi nthawi.
Ambiri okhala mchilimwe amalankhula zabwino za izi. Choyamba, chifukwa cha zipatso zokoma ndi zokoma. Chachiwiri, ngakhale kusalolera kusintha kwa nyengo, kuli kolimba. Chachitatu, ikhoza kusungidwa m'malo ozizira mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.