Tsabola wa belu ndi amodzi mwamasamba odziwika kwambiri komanso wamba. Mwa mitundu yambiri ya tsabola, Claudio ndiwofunika kwambiri kwa wamaluwa, monga imayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kukoma kwake komanso kukhala ndi zinthu zothandiza, mavitamini ndi mchere womwe umapangidwa. Kulongosola kwa mitundu iyi kungapezeke mu ndemanga iyi.
Kulongosola kwachilengedwe ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana
Claudio adapezedwa ndi akatswiri a kampani ya Nunhems ndipo ali mgulu la mzere wazomera zaku Dutch. Zimatanthauza mitundu yoyambirira ya mbewu, popeza nthawi yakucha kuchokera kubzala mbande panthaka kapena wowonjezera kutentha ndi masiku pafupifupi 80.
Chomeracho chimapanga chitsamba champhamvu, chowongoka, chapakatikati. Masamba akulu, ofiira obiriwira wobiriwira okhala ndi makwinya pang'ono. Chifukwa cha kukula kwakukulu kwa masamba, masamba amatetezedwa ku zovuta zoyipa za dzuwa.
Zipatso za cuboid zokhala zokhala ndi mawonekedwe owala pamwamba. Munjira yakupsa kwamankhwala, masamba ndi obiriwira mdima, ndipo akakhwima amakhala ndi mtundu wofiyira. Kulemera kwa chipatso chimodzi kungakhale 200-250 g. Kutengera njira zolimidwa ndi nyengo yabwino, masamba amapangidwa wokhala ndi mipanda yolimba, makulidwe awo ndi 12-14 mm. Zokoma zamkati zokhala ndi zokometsera zokoma zokoma zimakhala ndi zonunkhira zachikhalidwe za tsabola wokoma wachikale, osatinso kuwawa.
Ubwino ndi zovuta zamitundu yosiyanasiyana
Tsabola wa Claudio ali ndi maubwino angapo:
- mkulu Zotuluka chikhalidwe;
- zabwino kwambiri zokometsera ndi mawonekedwe;
- mphamvu kumera kwa mbewu amadziwika kuti nthawi yomweyo kumera komanso kutsata kwa tsabola wofananira;
- kuthekera kokula, onse m'mabedi otseguka komanso m'malo otenthetsa;
- kutha kusintha mosavuta nyengo zosiyanasiyana;
- Chitetezo cha chiwonetsero paulendo;
- zipatso za chilengedwe chonse, amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano komanso zamzitini.
Kuphatikiza pa zabwino zake zosiyanasiyana, palinso zovuta, zomwe zimaphatikizapo:
- kuchulukitsa kufunikira kwa chinyezi cha nthaka;
- liwiro locheperako la kusintha kwa zipatso zakupsa mpaka zake kudetsa kwathunthu.
Teknoloji yolima tsabola wa Claudio
Ndibwino kuti muzikumbukira zina mwazinthu musanabzala mbewu zamasamba m'munda mwanu. Kulima kwake kumaphatikizapo njira zina ndipo zimachitika magawo angapo.
Kudzala mbewu ndikukula kwa mbande
Muyenera kulima tsabola wa Claudio pogwiritsa ntchito mbande, opezeka kuchokera ku mbewu, zomwe zimafesedwa muzotengera zokonzekera m'masiku omaliza a February kapena koyambirira kwa Marichi.
Gawo lapansi liyenera kudziwika kuti ndi lokhazikika komanso lachonde komanso kukhala ndi zolemera zambiri.
Kukula mbande kumaphatikizapo ntchito zotsatirazi:
- Musanadzalemo mbewu muyenera ikani m'madzi kwa maola 5, kutentha kwake sikuposa 50C. Nthawi ikadutsa, aikeni pa nsalu yothira madzi kwa masiku atatu m'chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kwa 20 ̊С.
- Konzekerani kubzala zinthu Ikani mabokosi akuya masentimita 1-2, powona mtunda pakati pa magawo obzala a 1.5 cm.
- Zabwino kutsanulira ndikuphimba ndi galasi kapena kanema wowonekera kuti asunge chinyezi chofunikira.
- Kuti nyemba zimere bwino, muyenera kuyika zotengera m'chipindacho, kutentha komwe kumayenera kukhala madigiri 24-26 pamwamba pa zero... Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti mbande zimakonda kuyatsa bwino, mpweya wouma, dothi lonyowa ndipo sizingalimbane ndi zojambula, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa malo abwino, poganizira zomwe amakonda.
- Pambuyo masiku 15, mphukira zoyamba zidzawonekera, ndipo muyenera kusankha. Njirayi imalimbikitsa mapangidwe a mizu komanso imalimbitsa mbande, chifukwa imakula ikamapanikizika ikamakula, ndipo salandila kuchuluka kwa michere. Kuti muchite izi, m'pofunika kuziika mosamala mosiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana popanda kuwononga mizu.
- Ikani zidebe ndi mbande pamalo otentha ndikutsanulira ndi madzi ofundapopanda kuthira nthaka, kuti mupewe kukula kwa matenda ngati mwendo wakuda. Muyeneranso kuonetsetsa kuti nthaka siuma.
- Muzisamalira bwino mbande, yomwe imakhala yopopera mbewu, kupumira mpweya mchipinda, kutchinga kuchipilala. Ndipo pa tsiku la khumi mutatha kutenga, perekani feteleza pogwiritsa ntchito urea ndi superphosphate.
Pakadutsa masiku 60-70 mutapanga mbande, mbandezo ziyenera kuikidwa pamalo okhazikika.
Kuika panja
Malowa ayenera kukhala otseguka, otentha komanso opanda mphepo, ndipo nthaka iyenera kukhala yopepuka, yopatsa thanzi komanso yotayirira ndi mpweya wabwino. Omwe adalipo kale ndi kabichi, kaloti, beets, dzungu.
Kudzala mbande mu Meyi, pomwe chiwopsezo cha chisanu chimadutsa, ndipo dziko lapansi lidzafika mpaka 13-15 C. Kubzala kumachitika madzulo, izi zimathandiza kuti mbande zizolowere malo atsopano.
Magawo akulu obzala mbande pansi:
- Sabata imodzi musanadzalemo Ndibwino kuti muumitse mbande, kuwatulutsa tsiku lililonse nyengo yotentha kwa maola angapo.
- Zosankhidwa kuthirira bwino chiwembucho, kumasula nthaka ndikuthira manyowa, ntchito mankwala ndi potaziyamu zinthu.
- Kuti mbeu zizikhala pansi, m'pofunika kuyika zikhomo panthawi yobzala, zomwe tchire limamangiriridwa akamakula.
- Thirirani mbande bwino, kuti asamakhale ndi chinyezi pakamamera.
- Kukumba mabowo powonera mtunda pakati pa kubzala magawo 40-50 cm, ndipo mtunda wapakati pa mizereyo ndi masentimita 60. Kuzama kwa zimbalangondo kuyenera kufanana ndi kukula kwa kolala yazu ya mmera ndipo mutabzala idali yofanana ndi nthaka. Ndikofunika kuti tchire sili pafupi. Izi zingakhudze kapangidwe ka mbewu ndi zipatso.
- Bzalani mbande pamodzi ndi dongo, kulowa mkati mwa dzenje ndi theka kudzazidwa ndi nthaka yachonde, ndibwino kuthirira ndikudzaza dzenje pamwamba ndikusiya masamba a cotyledon pamwambapa,
- Atatsika mulch mundawo ndi peat tsabola.
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Tsabola, monga masamba onse, amatha kutenga tizilombo komanso matenda osiyanasiyana. Kuti musaphonye gawo loyambirira ndikuthana ndikuchotsa matenda ambiri azitsamba, muyenera kudziwa zizindikilo za matenda ndi momwe mungathane nawo.
Matenda omwe amaopseza chomeracho ndi awa:
- Blackleg, Matenda omwe amatha kudziwika ndi mtundu wakuda wa kolala yazu ndi zokutira zaimvi. Pang'onopang'ono, kuvunda kumakhudza mizu ndikupangitsa kufa kwa chomeracho.
- Choipitsa cham'mbuyo ankaona matenda a mafangasi. Masamba, zimayambira ndi zipatso zimakutidwa ndi mawanga abulauni okhala ndi malo obiriwirako owazungulira. M'nyengo youma, malo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka amauma, ndipo nyengo yonyowa itayamba kuvunda.
- Malo a bakiteriya Zitha kupweteketsa tchire panthawi yopanga mmera. Mawanga akuda okhala ndi chikaso chachikaso amawonekera pamasamba ndi zimayambira, ndipo madontho akuda akuda ndi malire amadzi amawonekera pa zipatso.
Mwa tizirombo, owopsa kwambiri ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, Colorado mbatata kachilomboka, akangaude ndi amaliseche slugs. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timayenera kumenyedwa pochiza zomera ndi mankhwala.
Pofuna kupewa matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amadikirira magawo osiyanasiyana a chitukuko, muyenera kugwira ntchito molimbika, kutsatira malamulo awa:
- pa gawo la kumera mbande gwiritsani nthaka yokhayo yokhala ndi feteleza;
- sintha mbewu, khalani ndi mizu ndi kudyetsa masamba, zomwe zingathandize chomera kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe zimadza chifukwa chophwanya ukadaulo wolima;
- mukamwetsa osagwiritsa ntchito madzi ozizira, komanso pewani kuthira madzi ndi kuwuma panthaka;
- pozindikira matenda azomera yesetsani mwachangu njira zonse kuti muchotse, pochiza tchire ndi othandizira.
Kutsatira malangizowa, tsabola sadzakhala pachiwopsezo, ndipo kukolola kwakukulu kumatsimikiziridwa.
Mndandanda wa zosamalira tsabola
Mukamakula tsabola, chisamaliro ndi chofunikira, chomwe chiyenera kuchitika malinga ndi malamulo onse. Chifukwa chake, zotsatirazi ndizoyenera kuchitidwa:
- chitani madzi okwanira nthawi zonse, makamaka nyengo yadzuwa, popeza kusowa kwa madzi kumatha kupangitsa kuti mbewuyo ifote, zomwe zingapangitse kufa kwake;
- kumasula nthaka kukonza kuyenda kwa mpweya kumizu komanso kufalikira kwa nthunzi yamadzi m'mlengalenga, yomwe ndi yabwino pakukula ndi chitukuko cha zomera;
- kupalira, kuchotsa namsongole;
- tchire la tsabola nthawi yamaluwa;
- chotsani maluwa oyamba ndi akulu opangidwa, zomwe zingathandize kutsogolera michere pakupanga chomera chomwecho ndikupanga zipatso zatsopano;
- chotsani ana opeza ndi masamba am'munsi kuonetsetsa kuti korona ikhala ndi mpweya wabwino ndikuwutenthetsa ndi kunyezimira kwa dzuwa;
- mangani zimayambira kuzinthu zodalirika zikafunika;
- pakukula kwachikhalidwe mwadongosolo onjezerani micherentchito feteleza organic ndi mchere;
- fufuzani tchire matenda ndi tizilombo toononga ndipo, ngati atapezeka, tengani zofunikira.
Tsabola wa Claudio ndi imodzi mwazomwe amakonda kwambiri omwe amalima masamba, popeza nthanga zimamera mwamtendere komanso mokwanira, kusiya kumafuna khama, ndikutsatira malamulo ena kumakupatsani mwayi wokula zokolola zabwino, zomwe zimadziwika ndi kukoma ndi kukoma kwa chipatso.