Tsabola wokoma Volovye khutu ndi imodzi mwamitundu yofunika kwambiri komanso yotchuka kwambiri yomwe amalima ku Russia paminda yawo. Zopangidwa kuti zizikhala ndimitengo yamafilimu ndi malo otseguka, zimapereka zokolola zabwino nyengo yotentha ya dziko lathu. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti alimi amalima mitundu iyi kuti igulitsidwe, ndipo wamaluwa amateur amapatsa malo abwino kwambiri patsamba lino. Lero tikambirana za malongosoledwe, maluso a tsabola wokoma wa Volovye khutu, mawonekedwe ake olima ndi kusungira, komanso zabwino ndi zoyipa zake.
Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana amtundu wa tsabola wamakutu
Khutu la Pepper Volovye limakhala la mitundu yapakatikati, nyengo yakucha yomwe ndi masiku 112-130 kuyambira pomwe mphukira zoyambirira zidawoneka, kapena masiku pafupifupi 70 kuyambira nthawi yobzala mbande panja. Chitsamba cholimba chimatha kukula mpaka masentimita 75-80, ndikupanga korona wofalikira komanso masamba ambiri. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera kuchokera pachitsamba chimodzi, mutha kutenga zokolola mpaka 2.5-3 kilogalamu. Zokolola zitha kukololedwa mpaka pakati pa Seputembala nyengo ikakhala yabwino.
Zipatso zake ndi zobiriwira zakuda pakukula kwamphamvu komanso zofiira kwambiri zikakhwima bwinobwino. Tsabola zazitali ndi nsonga yosongoka zimatha kutalika kwa masentimita 15 komanso kulemera kwa magalamu 170-200. Makulidwe amakoma amakhala pafupifupi mamilimita 6-8, zamkati ndizolimba komanso zowutsa mudyo. Kukoma kwa chipatso ndi kokoma, kolemera, koma kopanda kuwawa komwe kumapezeka mumitundu yambiri ya tsabola. Woyenera kudya zosaphika (kupanga masaladi ndi ma smoothies a masamba) ndi zamzitini (mavalidwe osiyanasiyana, lecho, kukonzekera masamba).
Ubwino ndi zovuta
Zina mwa zabwino za tsabola wokoma ndi awa:
- kukoma kwabwino;
- mayendedwe abwino;
- kuthekera kosungirako nthawi yayitali;
- kukana matenda ambiri a tsabola;
- zokolola zambiri;
- kucha koyambirira;
- kuthekera kodya zosaphika ndikukonzekera zakudya zamzitini.
Zoyipa zake ndi izi:
- kutsutsana pang'ono ndi kuzizira ndi chisanu (mchaka, zomera zazing'ono zimamwalira kuzizira m'mlengalenga ndi pansi);
- kufunika kwa kuwala kwa dzuwa (chomeracho chikuyenera kulimidwa m'malo omwe pali dzuwa kapena pang'ono);
- kusalolera kutentha (kutentha kwapamwamba kuposa madigiri 30-32 wowonjezera kutentha, maluwa ndi ovary achichepere amayamba kugwa);
- kufunika kothirira pakalibe mvula (isanatuluke maluwa mwa kukonkha, pambuyo - pamizu).
Zinthu zokula
Monga tsabola wambiri, khutu la Ox limakula pogwiritsa ntchito mbande. Chofunikira kwambiri pamitundu iyi ndikuti zimamera sizimalekerera kuziika pafupipafupi, chifukwa chake zimadumphira m'madzi.
Mukamabzala mbewu mu wowonjezera kutentha, amafunika kupereka mpweya wabwino ndikuwateteza kuti asatenthe kwambiri (kutentha m'chipindacho kumakwera kuposa madigiri 27-28).
Ndipo mutabzala m'munda, tchire liyenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse, kumasula nthaka mozungulira iwo, kuwononga namsongole ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi mumagwiritsa ntchito feteleza (makamaka organic).
Kusankha ndi kubzala mbewu
Musanabzala mbewu m'mabokosi amchere, amafunika kuti azikonzedwa ndikukonzekera. Mutha kuyamba ntchito yonse yobzala mbande pa 10-20th ya Marichi. Kukula ndikofunikira pakukula mbande, chifukwa zimakupatsani mwayi wokulitsa kumera (kwa tsabola ndi 50% yokha). Kukonzekera mbewu kumakhala ndi magawo awa:
- Kusanja mbewu... Zinthu zobzala zimizidwa m'madzi kutentha kwa mphindi zingapo. Podzala, ndi mbewu zokha zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe zimamira pansi pa beseni ndi madzi. Zina zonse sizoyenera kumera - zimakhala zouma kwambiri kapena zopanda chitukuko.
- Zilowerere. Kwa masiku 3-4, nyembazo ziyenera kuthiriridwa m'madzi ofunda (madigiri 26-28). Mutha kuyika cheesecloth m'magawo 2-4 pa mbale yosalala, kuthira madzi ofunda pang'ono kuti gauzeyo anyowe bwino. Ikani nyemba pamwamba ndikuchoka kwa masiku angapo (ndikofunikira kuwonjezera madzi ofunda munthawi yake kuti gauze wokhala ndi njereyo asaume). M'malo mwa madzi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito potaziyamu permanganate yofooka kwambiri.
- Kukonzekera kwa nthaka. Kwa mbande, mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito nthaka yosakanikirana ndi sitolo, koma ndibwino kuti mutenge malowa kuchokera komwe kudzagwiritsirako tsabola. Muyenera kuwonjezera mchenga pansi mu chiŵerengero cha 5: 1 ndi 2-3 pamanja phulusa lamatabwa. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yothira bwino ndikusiyidwa kwa masiku angapo pamalo otentha kuti izitha kutentha.
- Kudzala mbewu. Ndi bwino kubzala nyembazo nthawi yomweyo, poganizira kuti sadzafunika kumizidwa pambuyo pake. Mutabzala mbewu, mabokosi amatha kutsekedwa pamwamba ndi zojambulazo ndikuyika pamalo otentha (kutentha sikuyenera kukhala kotsika kuposa madigiri 20-18).
- Kupatulira. Ngati mbande zaphuka kwambiri, ziyenera kuchepetsedwa, kuchotsa mphukira zofooka. Pambuyo pakuwoneka kwa masamba 4-6, ndibwino kuti muwonjezere nthaka m'bokosilo kuti ziphukazo zikule kwambiri. Ndikofunikanso kupereka mbande ndi kuyatsa kokwanira, apo ayi zimera zowonda komanso zazitali (kapena kungofa zikutambasulira kuwala).
Zomwe zimasamalira tchire mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi kutseguka
Mbande zimabzalidwa koyambirira - pakati pa Meyi pokhapokha chisanu chitasiya. Nthawi yomweyo, kutentha kwa mpweya usiku sikuyenera kukhala kotsika kuposa madigiri 18, apo ayi masamba osakhwima amatha kuzizira. Ngati dothi silitenthedwe mokwanira, tchire tating'onoting'ono titha kudwala, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zokolola sizikhala zochuluka.
Popeza kuti tchire likufalikira ndi nthambi ndi masamba ambiri, mbewu ziyenera kubzalidwa mzere pakati pa 60 cm ndi mtunda wa 50 cm kuchokera wina ndi mnzake.
Kuthirira kumachitika nthawi zonse, makamaka ngati chilimwe chauma:
- isanafike maluwa ndi kupanga ovary yoyamba - mwa njira yamvula (kupopera madzi pamwamba pa tchire ndi timipata);
- nthawi yamaluwa mpaka kumapeto kwa fruiting - pamizu.
Pothirira, mutha kumwa madzi ndi kutentha kwa madigiri osachepera 25-27.
Tsabola amathanso kudyetsedwa ndi superphosphate ndi zinthu zakuthupi - ndowe kapena ndowe za nkhuku. Pakati pa maluwa, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ovuta kuti mukolole bwino.
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Zosiyanasiyana zimalimbana ndimatenda ambiri omwe angakhudze zipatso zonse ziwiri. Chomwechonso thunthu la chomera kapena mizu yake.
Mitunduyi imatha kulimbana ndi matenda monga verticillosis ndi phytoplasmosis.
Komabe, mbewu sizingalimbane ndi tizirombo monga:
- nsabwe za m'masamba - zitha kuwonongedwa pokhapokha pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo;
- kangaude amasowa atapopera mankhwala ndi yankho la sopo wochapa ndikuwonjezera adyo ndi madzi a anyezi;
- slugs amaliseche sakonda fumbi la fodya ndi mpiru;
- Chikumbu cha Colorado mbatata - chitha kupopera ndi celandine tincture.
Alimi ambiri ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso olima minda amalima tsabola wa khutu la ng'ombe chaka chilichonse. Mu ndemanga zawo, samangowona kukoma kokha komanso kusinthasintha kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zokolola zazikulu, kukaniza matenda, nthawi yayifupi yakukhazikika, kusunga bwino komanso kusunthika - awa ndiye mikhalidwe yayikulu yomwe amayamikiridwa ndi onse okhala m'nyengo yachilimwe yosavuta komanso minda yolemekezeka.