Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kubzala mbewu zambiri zamasamba pamalo otseguka ndikuunikira bwino. Kabichi ndizosiyana. Komabe, kuwala kwa dzuwa kumatha kuwononga chomeracho, zomwe zimapangitsa kutentha kwa masamba. Pali njira imodzi yokha yotulukira - muyenera kupeza malo okhala ndi mthunzi pang'ono.
Kodi kabichi ingabzalidwe mumthunzi?
Kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zikukula bwino, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tipeze mbewu zomwe zidzasangalale mumthunzi. Mwachitsanzo, kabichi, kabichi yoyera kapena kolifulawa, mosiyana ndi chimanga ndi biringanya, zimamva bwino mumthunzi pansi pa mitengo yazipatso zikafika kumadera akumwera. Ndipo chomeracho chimakhudzidwa bwino ndi kutentha pang'ono. Mbande zimapita panthaka ndi chisonyezo cha + 3 ° С chokha, ngakhale Kukula bwino kwa mphukira kumachitika pa + 20 ° С... Koma kutentha pamwambapa + 25 madigiri kumakhudza zipatso ndi mtundu wa zipatso, masamba otsika amagwa, ndipo minofu yakumtunda imakhala yolimba kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, mthunzi wopanda tsankho umawerengedwa kuti ndi wofunikira pamakhazikika otentha kwambiri. M'madera otentha, m'pofunika kubzala m'malo otseguka ndi dzuwa; mumthunzi, chomeracho chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri pakukula, komwe kumawonekera pakuletsa pang'ono kukula.
Kodi malo abwino oti mubzale ali kuti?
Ndibwino kukonzekera bedi la kabichi pamalo pomwe pali nkhaka, tomato, mbatata, anyezi, ndi nyemba zomwe zidalima nyengo yathayi. Ndipo pambuyo pa beets, turnips ndi radishes, simuyenera kubzala mbande za kabichi. Monga oyandikana naye, amakonda nyemba (nandolo, nyemba), tomato, beets, anyezi, ndi adyo. Tikulimbikitsidwa kukonza mabedi kuchokera kummawa mpaka kumadzulo, mthunzi wawung'ono umaloledwa.
Nthaka iyenera kukhala yachonde, koma osati yolimba, zotsatira zabwino zimawonedwa mukamabzala masamba panthaka ya dothi lozungulira.
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri, masiku ofesa
Kusankhidwa kwa mbande za kabichi ndizokulirapo, koma pali mitundu yoyesedwa nthawi yayitali yomwe imadziwika ndi zokolola zabwino komanso kukana nyengo yovuta, makamaka kumayambiriro kwa masika. Atsogoleri otchuka ndi awa:
- Ulemerero - nthawi yayitali yakucha, kulemera kwa mutu kumachokera ku 2 mpaka 4.5 makilogalamu, m'mimba mwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 25, zokolola kuchokera ku 1 m2 mpaka 12 kg;
- Moscow mochedwa - nyengo yakucha mpaka masiku 150, zipatso zolemera makilogalamu 7, zokolola kuchokera pa 1 m2 mpaka 15 kg;
- Juni - zipse masiku 90-120, kulemera kwake kumakhala pafupifupi 2.5 kg, zokolola ndi 7 kg pa 1 m2;
- Pano - mitu ya kabichi imapsa m'masiku 120-135, kulemera kwamutu mpaka 3.5 makilogalamu, zokolola kuchokera ku 1 m2 mpaka 10 kg;
- Amager - nyengo yakucha mpaka masiku 140, kulemera kwake kwa mutu ndi 3-3.5 makilogalamu, kuchokera pa 1 m2 mpaka 7 kg ya mbewu amachotsedwa.
Tsegulani malamulo obzala nthaka
Kubzala kolondola kumakhazikitsa zokolola zamtsogolo. Pogwira ntchito, ndikofunikira kulingalira pazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza zomera za mbewuzo ndi zipatso.
Kusankha bwino mbande
Podzala pamalo otseguka, amasankhidwa mbande zomwe zafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 12-20 ndi masamba 5-7. Nthawi zambiri, mbande zimafikira magawowa kumayambiriro kwa Meyi (mitundu yoyambirira) ikafesedwa kumapeto kwa Marichi. Sikovuta kulima mbande nokha, chinthu chachikulu ndikupereka kutentha ndi kuyatsa bwino (osachepera maola 12-15 patsiku).
Mukamagula mbande za kabichi, muyenera kukonda mphukira ndi mizu yabwino.
Kodi masamba amakonda chiyani
Chiwembu chogona pabedi chimasankhidwa poganizira malamulo oyendetsera mbewu ndi kuyandikira kwa mbewu zina. Kukonzekera kumayamba mu kugwa. Choyamba, amayeretsa bwino, kuchotsa zotsalira zazomera m'nthaka, kenako amapangira fetereza (zinthu zakuthambo kapena mchere), ndipo nthawi yomweyo amakumba nthaka mpaka kuzama kwa fosholo. Chipale chofewa chikasungunuka, bedi lamtsogolo liyenera kusindikizidwa kuti chinyezi chisatuluke msanga. Pachifukwa ichi, dothi limayendetsedwa ndi haru (yowopsya).
Kabichi sikukula bwino panthaka ya acidic, chifukwa chake muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa dothi ngati lili ndi acidic. Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito pepala la litmus. Ngati ndi kotheka, dothi limasokonezedwa ndi ufa wa dolomite kapena laimu wosweka.
Asanabzale, bedi limakumbidwanso ndi kusokonezedwanso.
Kutsika, nthawi, dongosolo ndi mtunda
Musanadzalemo, mizu ya mbandeyo imalimbikitsidwa kuti ichiritsidwe ndi wolankhula, wopangidwa ndi madzi, dongo ndi mullein. Chosanjikiza pakati pamizu ndi nthaka chimateteza pakuwonongeka. Kuphatikiza apo, zimathandizira kuti mbande zipulumuke mwachangu m'malo atsopano.
Mabowo akuya amakonzedwa pamizu iliyonse. Kudzaza chisakanizo kumafunikira mphako wowonjezera, womwe umaphatikizapo:
- 500 gr. humus (kompositi);
- 1 tsp superphosphate (nitrophosphate);
- Luso. phulusa la nkhuni.
Zida zonse zimasakanizidwa bwino ndi nthaka ndikutsanuliridwa muzitsime zomwe zakonzedwa, kenako zimathiriridwa ndi madzi. Mbande zimayikidwa pansi mpaka tsamba loyamba lenileni. Mukamabzala, mizu iyenera kukanikizidwa ndi nthaka kuti ikatha kuthirira kapena mvula, chomeracho sichisamba m'nthaka. Kutalika ndi masanjidwe a dzenje:
- mitundu yoyambirira - 50-60 masentimita pakati pa mizere, 30-35 mzere;
- nyengo yapakatikati ndi mitundu yochedwa - 60-70 masentimita pakati pa mizere, 50-60 cm motsatana.
Mitundu ina imafuna malo ambiri, monga Moscow mochedwa 15, yomwe imabzalidwa mu 70x70 cm.
Mutabzala mabedi a kabichi, ndibwino kuti mulch musakanizike ndi peat ndi humus kapena chimodzi mwazigawozo (makulidwe osanjikiza 1-2 cm). Ntchitoyi imachitika bwino madzulo kapena kukuchita mitambo.
Mitundu yoyambilira kukhwima imabzalidwa kutengera nyengo yomwe ili m'chigawochi, pakati panjira iyi ndiko kuyamba kwa Meyi, kumwera - kumapeto kwa Marichi, koyambirira kwa Epulo. Pambuyo pa mitundu yoyambirira, mitundu yochedwa kubzalidwa imabzalidwa, ndipo pokhapokha akatengeredwa ku kabichi yapakatikati. Kuchedwa kwanthawi yayitali kumalumikizidwa ndikupanga kwakanthawi kwa mutu wa kabichi, chifukwa chake, pamapeto pake, mmera wamtunduwu sungasiyidwe.
Kusamalira mukatera
Kuyambira tsiku loyamba mutatsika, mutha kuyamba kuyang'anira mabedi.
Kuthirira, popanda icho palibe chomwe chidzakula
Kabichi ikufuna chinyezi, motero boma lothirira liyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamalitsa. Kuthirira kumachitika pakadutsa masiku 4-6 madzulo kapena nyengo yamvula... Mukathirira mbewu pamalo otentha, mbandezo zimauma ndi kunyezimira kwa dzuwa. Kutentha kokhazikika, kuthirira kwanthawi zonse kuyenera kukulitsidwa mpaka 1 nthawi m'masiku 2-3.
Pambuyo kuthirira, tikulimbikitsidwa kumasula nthaka kuti tipewe kupindika. Chifukwa chake mizu idzakhala yabwino kukhala nayo. Ndi bwino mulch pamwamba pa mabedi, kotero chinyezi m'nthaka chikhala chotalikirapo, ndipo kukula kwa namsongole sikudzakhala kwakukulu. Peat mulch wosanjikiza ndi 5 cm.
Kuvala pamwamba chifukwa cha zokolola
Masamba obzala mbande akamakula, nthaka imadyetsedwa ndi yankho la ammonium nitrate (magalamu 10 azachuma pachidebe chilichonse). Pa siteji yopanga masamba, chakudya chimayambitsidwa pamutu wa kabichi: 4 g pa chidebe chamadzi. urea, 8 gr. potaziyamu sulphate ndi 5 gr. superphosphate iwiri.
Kupalira ndi kumasula
M'nyengo, pafupifupi 3-4 kupalira ndi kumasula komweko kumachitika. Ndi bwino kuphatikiza ntchitoyi ndikuigwira mukatha kuthirira, nthaka ikafewetsa, ndipo chiwopsezo chophwanya kamwana kakang'ono chimachepetsedwa mpaka zero.
Kuti namsongole asavutike ndi kupezeka kwawo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiphimbe mabedi otsukidwa ndi peat kapena humus.
Chithandizo
Mukabzala mbande, mabedi amaphulika ndi phulusa lamatabwa. Imalepheretsa utitiri ndi slug infestation pachomera. Zotsatira zakukonzekera zidzawonjezeka ngati muwonjezera fumbi la fodya phulusa.
Kuchokera kuzirombo zina zowopsa, kabichi idzapulumutsidwa mwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kuchokera ku kulowetsedwa kwa mankhusu a anyezi, nsonga za phwetekere, yankho potengera sopo wa phula.
Zolowera zolowera
Mosakayikira, matenda ndi tizilombo toononga ndi omwe amadana kwambiri ndi mbewuyo, koma zolakwitsa zomwe amalimi osadziwa zambiri akabzala kabichi zimathanso kukhudza. Zina mwazomwe zili ndi izi.
- Kabichi idzakhala yopanda phindu (pafupifupi palibe mutu wa kabichi) ikabzalidwa mumthunzi, pomwe kulibe dzuwa konse. Kubzala pafupi ndi mbewu zazitali kumaloledwa kokha ndi shading pang'ono.
- Wamaluwa wamaluwa amayamba kubzala m'nthaka yosakonzekera. Simungapeze zokolola zabwino ngati simudakulitsa nthaka ndi zinthu zopangira mchere. Kabichi imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi feteleza, omwe amapangidwa mukamakonza munda ndikudya nthawi zonse.
- Mbeu zonse sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito kubzala. Kufesa kuyenera kusankhidwa ndi kukonzedwa. Izi zidzakulitsa kumera ndikulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mphukira zazing'ono.
- Pakukula mbande, wamaluwa ena amagwiritsa ntchito makapu ang'onoang'ono. Kupanga ngalande zotere ndizosatheka, ndipo mizu imakula bwino. Kuti mupeze mbande zamphamvu, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito peat kapena miphika ya pulasitiki yokhala ndi pafupifupi 250 ml ya mbewu 2-3.
- Kawirikawiri, mukamabzala mbande pamalo otseguka, mumakhala nthawi yayitali m'malo atsopano. Vutoli likuwonetsa tsiku lotsika lomwe laphwanyidwa. Ndikofunika kumaliza ntchitoyi masabata angapo m'mbuyomu, kapena mtsogolo, masamba omwe amawombera amayamba kufota komanso kufota. Nthawi yobwezeretsa mbeu imachedwa, ndipo ndikupanga kabichi.
Mukamabzala mbewu, muyenera kumvetsetsa kuzama kwa nthaka. Mukamera kuchokera kumitsinje yakuya, chomeracho chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake zonse, chifukwa chake mmera wofooka umapezeka, womwe umadwala matenda.
Kulima ndiwo zamasamba pa gawo lanu ndichinthu chosangalatsa chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi wopeza zomwe mwakumana nazo. Komabe, simuyenera kuyesa malamulo a chisamaliro, apo ayi mutha kusiidwa opanda mbewu.