June amatanthauza mtundu wakale wa White kabichi. Ntchito yobereketsa pakupanga mitundu yoyambirira kwambiri, yomwe imagonjetsedwa makamaka ndi chisanu cham'masika, idachitika mu 1967 ndi ogwira ntchito ku All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Breeding.
Makhalidwe ndi malongosoledwe a botanical osiyanasiyana
June kabichi ndi wa mitundu yoyambirira. Kutalika kwa nthawi kuyambira kumera mpaka kupsa kwamphamvu ndi masiku 92-100.
Chomeracho chili ndi tsamba losakanikirana, lomwe limakwezedwa ndikukhala ndi masentimita 40-50. Masambawo ndi obiriwira, olimba, okhala ndi phulusa pang'ono, m'mbali mwa masamba a masambawo amakhala owaza pang'ono.
Chomera champhamvu komanso chachikulu chimapanga mizere yozungulira yopingasa pakati. Kunja, utoto umakhala wobiriwira mopepuka, pa mdulidwe uli ndi utoto wobiriwira wobiriwira. Chitsa cha mkati cha kutalika pang'ono. Mitu ya kabichi imadziwika ndi juiciness, kufanana ndi kulemera kwa 1.2 mpaka 2.5 kg. Chogulitsidwacho chili ndi zinthu zowuma kuchuluka kwa 8.1%, shuga - mpaka 3.8% ndi ascorbic acid - 45 mg%.
Ubwino ndi zovuta zamitundu yosiyanasiyana
Ubwino wake, chifukwa chake mitundu yosiyanasiyana ikufunika pakati pa wamaluwa, ndi monga:
- zokolola zosakhazikika komanso zochuluka, mpaka 6 kg pa 1 sq. m;
- kupsa mwamtendere kwa zipatso, zomwe zimalola kuti mbewu zomwe zikukula zizigulitsidwa koyambirira;
- kukoma kwabwino kwa ogula komanso kapangidwe kabwino ka ndiwo zamasamba;
- kuthekera kwa mbande kulekerera kutentha pang'ono;
- gwero la michere, makamaka vitamini C
Kuphatikiza pamikhalidwe yabwino, palinso zovuta zamitundu, zomwe;
- Chizolowezi chodula mitu, chifukwa chake, chimafuna kukolola munthawi yake;
- mitengo yotsika, yomwe imapezeka pamitundu yonse yoyambirira;
- ndiwo zamasamba zimapangidwira kuti azidya mwatsopano zokha ndipo sizoyenera kuzithiritsa.
Nthawi yobzala mbewu zamasamba kwa mbande
Mbeu ya kabichi sifunikira kukonzekera kulikonse. Posankha nthawi yobzala, muyenera kuwerengera nthawi yobzala kabichi kwa mbande kuti mu Juni zitheke kudula foloko yoyamba. Kabichi iyenera kubzalidwa nthawi ina, koma kutengera momwe nyengo ilili m'chigawochi: kuyambira koyambirira kwa Marichi mpaka Meyi. Mukabzala kabichi koyambirira kwa Marichi, mudzabzala pamalo okhazikika kumapeto kwa Epulo, apo ayi mbande zidzaphulika, zomwe zingasokoneze zipatso zake.
Chinthu chachikulu ndikuti pamene mukubzala, zaka za mbande sizidutsa masiku 50.
Kuti mukolole koyambirira popanda khama, wamaluwa wodziwa bwino amalimbikitsa kubzala mbewu kumapeto kwa Marichi. Kenako kubzala mbande kumachitika mzaka khumi zoyambirira za Meyi. Nthawi imeneyi imawerengedwa kuti ndi yachikhalidwe chodzala mbande pansi m'zigawo zotentha.
Kukula kwa June kabichi
Kubzala mbewu kumayamba ndikusankha malo omwe akuyenera kuwunikiridwa ndi dzuwa tsiku lonse. Njira yabwino ingakhale kupatula malo olinganizidwa kapena otsetsereka pang'ono kumwera ndi kumwera chakum'mawa.
Chikhalidwe chimakonda nthaka yachonde, yopanda loamy. Ngati dothi ndilolimba, ndiye kuti liyenera kuthiridwa ndi liming, chifukwa pa pH yochepera 6.0 kabichi sichitha kukhazikitsa mitu, ndipo imatha kutengeka kwambiri.
Nyemba, mbewu, anyezi, nkhaka ndizoyenera monga zomwe zidatsogola. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mbewu kwa zaka 2-3 motsatizana pamalo omwewo.
Kukonzekera nthaka kuti ikule
Mukamabzala kabichi, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kukonza nthaka ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mupeze zokolola zambiri. Chomeracho chimafuna kapangidwe kake ndi nthaka yake. Chifukwa chake, pakubzala, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka yokhayokha ndipo izi ziyenera kuchitika pasadakhale.
Pazifukwa izi, dera lomwe limaperekedwa kuti mubzalidwe liyenera kukumbidwa ndi fosholo yakugwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito humus ndi phulusa, lomwe limawerengedwa kuti ndi mankhwala othandiza kupewa kuwola. Musaiwale za feteleza amchere, ndipo onjezerani superphosphate ndi potaziyamu mankhwala enaake panthaka. Pofika masika, masulani chiwembucho ndikuwonjezeranso zovuta zamagulu.
Zinthu zazikulu zobzala kabichi panja
Nyengo ikakhala yabwino, mutha kubzala mbande. Zomera ziyenera kukhala ndi masamba anayi osabzala. Mbande siziyenera kuyikidwa m'mabowo mozama kwambiri patsamba loyamba loona, ndikuyesera kuti zisawononge mizu. Ndizosatheka kudzaza kukula. Yikani nthaka mozungulira kabichi ndi madzi bwinobwino.
Ndi bwino kubzala molingana ndi 40x60 cm yobzala.
Kusamalira bwino mutabzala
Chomeracho chimafuna chisamaliro chochuluka kuchokera kwa wolima dimba, chisamaliro chokhazikika komanso kupereka zinthu zabwino kuti zikule. Kukula kwathunthu ndikupeza zokolola zabwino za kabichi, ndikofunikira kuchita izi:
- kuteteza mbande zosakhwima padzuwa, popeza zosiyanasiyana sizimalekerera kutentha kwakukulu;
- kwa sabata mutabzala, perekani mbewu zazing'ono ndi madzi katatu patsiku pogwiritsa ntchito chitini chothirira;
- sungani mabedi a kabichi oyera, kuchotsa namsongole komanso kubzala mbewu zomwe zikukula;
- kuchita madzi okwanira munthawi yake, popeza chikhalidwe chimasowadi chinyezi, ndipo kuyanika pang'ono pokha kwa dothi kumabweretsa kuuma kwa chitsa ndikusiya kukula kwa mizu;
- kupereka kabichi yomwe ikukula ndi michere poyambitsa feteleza ovuta ndi organic;
- yang'anani chomeracho kuti chiwoneke ngati tizilombo, osaphonya nthawi yomwe anthu akuyamba kukula, ndipo ngati pali vuto, musagwiritse ntchito chemistry, koma kondwerani kwa wowerengeka kapena wothandizira.
Chisamaliro choyenera chimatsimikizira kubwera koyambirira kwamasamba apamwamba.
Matenda ndi kupewa kwawo
Kabichi, monga mbewu iliyonse yamasamba, imapezeka ndi tizirombo tambiri komanso matenda ndipo imafunikira njira zoyenera zowunzira.
MATENDA | |||
Dzina | Kufotokozera | Njira zowongolera | |
Keela | Kukhalapo kwa zophuka pamizu yomwe imalepheretsa mizu yaying'ono kukula | Chotsani ndikuwotcha zitsanzo zamatenda, thirizani nthaka ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso osabzala kabichi m'malo ano kwa zaka 4. | |
Fusarium yowuma | Chikasu ndi kufota kwa masamba, omwe pambuyo pake amagwa, ndikusiya thunthu lopanda kanthu ndi tsamba la masamba pamphumi. Zotsatira zake, mchikakamizo cha matenda, kukula kwa mbewu kumasiya. | Matendawa sangachiritsidwe. Pofuna kuteteza matendawa kuti asafalikire, chotsani mbewu zodwala m'munda pamodzi ndi chotengera cha m'dothi. | |
Blackleg | Mzu woonda ndi mzati wa tsinde umasanduka wakuda ndikuyamba kuvunda, chifukwa chake chomeracho chimasiya kukula ndikumwalira | Chomera chomwe chili ndi kachilombo sichingachiritsidwe, chimayenera kuchotsedwa m'munda ndikuwotcha ndikuchotsa tizilomboto pokonzekera bwino | |
Tizirombo | |||
Ziwombankhanga za Cruciferous | Tizirombo timaboola khungu la mbewuyo ndipo timayamwa madziwo kuchokera m'masamba, pomwe masamba amapiringa ndipo chomeracho chimamwalira | Ngati chikhalidwe chakhudzidwa m'magawo oyamba, muyenera kumenya nkhondo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowerengera zowunikira anthu. Ndi kuchulukitsa kwamphamvu kwa majeremusi, muyenera kumenyana nawo ndi mankhwala | |
Nsabwe za kabichi | Tizilombo tobiriwira timaukira mbewuyo, imafooketsa, motero imasokoneza njira zamagetsi |
Kugwirizana ndi zikhalidwe zonse zaukadaulo waulimi pazinthu zomwe zikukula kumapangitsa kuti mbewu zizitha kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Malamulo okolola ndi kusunga
Malingana ndi kufotokozera kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mitu ya kabichi imapsa nthawi yomweyo kumapeto kwa June, pambuyo pa masiku 55-60 mutabzala. Ndikotheka kudziwa kukonzeka kwa mbewu kuti ikololedwe ndi zizindikilo zakunja. Ngati mutu wa masambawo ndi wolimba ndipo wafika pakukula kofunikira, ndiye kuti mutha kuyamba kukolola. Komanso, chizindikiritso chakukolola ndichikasu cha masamba akunja akunja m'masamba okhwima, omwe akuwonetsa kumaliza kwa kukula ndi kusungidwa kwa michere.
Ndibwino kuti muzisonkhanitsa m'mawa nthawi yotentha. Dulani masamba mosamala pogwiritsa ntchito mpeni. Poterepa, muyenera kusiya masamba atatu ndi chitsa kutalika kwa 2 cm.
Kukolola sikuyenera kuchedwa, chifukwa mitu yoyang'anira kabichi imayamba kuthyola ndi kuwonongeka.
June kabichi sangasungidwe kwa nthawi yayitali. Amapangidwa kuti azidya mkati mwa masabata awiri mutakolola.
Kuti mupeze zinthu zabwino kwambiri, muyenera kuyesetsa, komanso kudziwa zina mwazikhalidwe izi. Ndikofunikira kupangira kabichi malo abwino ndipo mu Juni kuti musangalale ndi kukoma kwabwino kwa masamba abwino komanso abwino.