Dera laku America ku Illinois, komwe kumatentha kwambiri, kumakhala chimphepo chamkuntho, mphepo zamkuntho zowononga ndi mvula yamkuntho yozizira, kumakhala nyumba zamitundu yambiri yamabulosi akutchire amakono.
Kunali komweko, ku Yunivesite ya Carbondale, pophatikiza mitundu ya Darrow ndi Thornfrey ndikubala nambala US1482, pomwe nyenyezi yayikulu yaminda yaku Russia idapezeka - Black Satin. Atamupangira poyamba Illinois ndi California, adatenga malo obzala ku Europe mwachangu ndipo adadziwika ku Russia.
Kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana
Tiyeni tiyambe ndikufotokozera zipatso zosiyanasiyana. Satin Wakuda mawonekedwe amakhala pakatikati pakati pa kumaniks ndi mame. Izi ndizosiyana pang'ono, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa patebulo:
Chizolowezi | Chitsamba cholimba, chosakonda kunenepa. Sapanga mizu. |
Apulumuka | Mphukira zikukula msanga, ndizoyenda mozungulira, zopanda minga, zazitali kwambiri - mpaka 5 mita. Kumayambiriro kwa kukula - chilili. Akakula kupitirira mita 1.5, amayamba kuyenda. Mipesa ing'onoing'ono imakhala yobiriwira ndipo imasanduka bulauni ikamakula. Zaka zachiwiri ndi zofiirira, zolimba kwambiri komanso zowirira - mpaka 3 cm m'mimba mwake. Tsambali ndi lovuta, losalala, la mbale za masamba 3-5. |
Pachimake | Maluwawo ndi pinki akamamasula, tsiku lotsatira amafota pinki yoyera kapena yoyera. |
Zipatso | Zochuluka modabwitsa. Zipatsozo ndi zazikulu, mpaka magalamu 8, zakuda, zokhala ndi satin gloss, ndichifukwa chake dzina la mitunduyo lidawoneka. Kukoma kwake ndikwabwino, kotsekemera komanso kowawasa, ndikununkhira kwamtundu wakuda wakuda. Kusasitsa kumawonjezeredwa, kuyambira Ogasiti mpaka Okutobala. Zipatso zina zimagwira chisanu choyamba. Imayamba kubala zipatso chaka chamawa mutabzala. |
Kukhazikika | Kulimbana kwambiri ndi chisanu, mpaka -22⁰C. Nsonga za mphukira zikhoza kuzizira pang'ono. Pogona pamafunika nthawi yachisanu. Itha kukhudzidwa ndi nkhungu yakuda. |
Zotuluka | Kutalika kwambiri - mpaka 25 makilogalamu a zipatso pachitsamba chilichonse nyengo. |
Cholinga cha zipatso | Zachilengedwe. |
Kuyendetsa komanso kusunga zinthu | Onse ndi otsika. Zipatso zakupsa ndizofewa, zimasiya kutulutsa kwawo ndikuwonongeka. |
Chifukwa chake, mabulosi akuda akuda ali ndi zabwino zambiri:
- zipatso zazikulu zokoma kwambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito konsekonse;
- zokolola zambiri;
- mphukira zopanda mphukira;
- kuchuluka kwa chitsamba.
Zoyipa zake ndi izi:
- kusasamala bwino komanso kusuntha zipatso;
- osakwanira chisanu kukana;
- Kusakhazikika kwa imvi zowola.
Komabe, zovuta izi zitha kukonzedwa mosavuta. Mwachitsanzo, kuvunda kwa imvi kumakhudza zipatso zomwe zafalikira, ndipo ndikwanira kuzichotsa muntchire nthawi kuti mupewe izi. Kuchulukitsa kwa zipatso kumakupatsani mwayi wofikira chomeracho kamodzi masiku atatu alionse ndikutenga zipatso zochepa, nthawi yomweyo kuzidya kapena kuyikonza.
Ponena za kunyamula, malinga ndi zomwe awona, chizindikiro ichi chikuwonjezeka kwambiri ndi msinkhu wa chomeracho. Mabulosi ochokera pachitsamba chakale cholimba kwambiri, samatsamwa mosavuta ndipo, akawatola mochenjera, amatha kupulumuka ulendo waufupi.
Zofuna za Black Sateen zokolola pang'onopang'ono ndizophatikiza komanso zochepa. M'madera omwe nyengo yachisanu imayamba koyambirira, zosiyanasiyana sizingakhale ndi nthawi yosonyeza zonse zomwe zingathe.
Kudzala ndikuchoka
Ndi bwino kusankha malo obzala mabulosi akuda a Satin omwe ndi owala bwino, otetezedwa ku zolembedwa, ndi nthaka yachonde yowala. Zosiyanasiyanazi sizimalekerera madzi osayenda, chifukwa chake, ngalande ziyenera kuchitika panthaka yonyowa.
Ndi bwino kuyika mbande pamalo okhazikika masika. Komabe, ngati zinthu zobzala zigulidwa kugwa, zilibe kanthu: mukamabzala chomera kugwa, muyenera kusamalira pogona pake ndi chisamaliro.
Dzenje lodzala limakonzedwa m'njira yoti muthe kudzaza mpaka theka ndi manyowa abwino okhwima. Kale mukamatera, muyenera kukumbukira kufunika kwa garter wa mabulosi akutchire ndikupanga chithandizo.
Mphamvu ya mtundu wa Black Satin ndi lupanga lakuthwa konsekonse. Kumbali imodzi, izi zimapereka zokolola zabwino. Kumbali inayi, zimabweretsa zovuta pobisalira chomera chachikulu m'nyengo yozizira. Mphukira za mabulosi akuda akuda kwambiri. Pali njira ziwiri.
"Maphunziro" a malo olondola a mpesa
Musalole kuti chomeracho chikankhire mphukira zowongoka kwambiri. Akafika kutalika kwa masentimita 35-40, m'pofunika kukhotetsa nthambiyo kuti ikonzeke. Mpesa ukakhala wa mita 1.2 kutalika, mutha kuwamasula ndi kuwusiya mosanjikiza pa trellis. M'nyengo yozizira, mphukira yopindika imatha kuchotsedwa mosavuta ndikuyikidwa pansi pogona.
Kudulira ku America
Kunyumba, mabulosi akuda a Black Satin amapangidwa ngati chitsamba chokwanira malinga ndi chiwembu chotsatira:
- pakati pa chilimwe, nsonga za zophuka zapachaka zimatsinidwa kutalika kwa masentimita 110, ndikulimbikitsa kukula kwa mphukira zofananira;
- kumayambiriro kwa masika, masamba asanawuke, mphukira zowoneka bwino zimakhazikika: zomwe zikukula pansi pa masentimita 45 zimachotsedwa pansi, zinazo zimafupikitsidwa mpaka kutalika kwa 40 cm;
- kugwa, nthambi zomwe zimabala zipatso zimadulidwa.
Ndikofunika kuchotsa "zipatso" zonsezo. Mpesa wakuda, monga rasipiberi, umakhala ndi zaka ziwiri, ndipo ukatha chaka chachiwiri umangotulutsa tchire ndikuthandizira kufalikira kwa imvi.
Kuthirira mabulosi akuda akuda ndikofunikira nthawi zonse, makamaka mukamatsanulira chipatso. Adzayankha ku chilala podula zipatso. Kuthira madzi m'nthaka kuyeneranso kupewa.
Kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino pachaka, mabulosi akuda amafunika kudyetsedwa kuyambira chaka chachitatu cha moyo malinga ndi chiwembu:
- Masika - nayitrogeni (5 kg ya humus ndi 10 g ya urea pa 1 m2);
- kugwa - potaziyamu ndi phosphorous (100 g wa superphosphate ndi 25 g wa feteleza wa potashi).
Mabulosi akuda sayenera kubzalidwa pafupi ndi raspberries. Kukhala achibale apamtima, raspberries ndi mabulosi akuda amadwala matenda omwewo, ndipo dera lotere limatha kuyambitsa "mliri".
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Kwenikweni, izi ndizosagonjetsedwa ndi matenda akulu akuda akuda. Kupatula kwake ndi imvi zowola, zomwe zatchulidwa kale. Choyambitsa chake, botrytis imvi, ndi nkhungu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira winem.
Ikhoza kugunda chomeracho kale maluwa. Ngati nyengo imakhala yozizira, yamvula, inflorescence yathunthu imatha kuvutika. M'magawo omaliza a nyengo yokula, Botrytis amakhala pamasamba ndi zipatso. Mabulosi omwe amadwala imvi akuwoneka ngati owola, wokutidwa ndi imvi. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kutenga njira zodzitetezera pasadakhale kutaya mbeu.
- Nthambi zapansi siziyenera kugona pansi. Mitengo ya Botrytis imasungidwa m'nthaka yonyowa.
- Chitsamba sichiyenera kuloledwa. Mbali zonse zamasamba ziyenera kukhala ndi mpweya wokwanira.
- Pa nthawi yake chotsani zipatso zakupsa ndikuchotsa zowola. Kupeza mphukira yodwala, dulani ndikuiwotcha.
- M'chaka, musanayambe maluwa, perekani chitsamba ndi madzi a Bordeaux (3% yankho).
Mwa tizirombo ta mabulosi akuda, Satin Wakuda, ngozi ndi mabulosi akutchire. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timene timatha kuchepetsa theka la mabulosiwo. Mosiyana ndi tizirombo tina tambiri, nthata sizimabisalira pansi kapena pansi pa khungwa. Imakhazikika mwachindunji mu masamba a mabulosi akutchire, ndipo masika amasamukira ku inflorescence ndi zipatso. Zipatso zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa sizipsa, zimakhala zofiira.
Mutha kulimbana ndi mliriwu ndi mankhwala "Tiovit Jet", omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira mphesa. Kupopera mbewu kumayenera kuchitika pasanaphulike.
Zambiri za 3 zakuda Black Satin
- Wofufuza Fumiomi Takeda waku Appalachian station yakuyeserera akhala akuyesera mitundu iyi. Mabulosi akuda adagawika m'magulu, ndikupanga mitundu ingapo ya zikwapu: 3, 6, 9 ndi 12. Cholinga cha kuyesaku kunali kudziwa ngati kuchuluka kwa mphukira kumakhudza zipatso za chomeracho. Chotsatiracho chidakhala chofuna kudziwa: polemera kwathunthu, Black Satin idapereka zotsatira zofananira m'magulu onse. Kusiyana kwake kunali mu kukula kwa zipatso.
- Kugwira ntchito ndi minda yanjanji zakuda Black Satin, momwemonso Fumiomi Takeda ndiye adapanga swivel trellis. Chida ichi chimakupatsani mwayi wokutira chomeracho nthawi yozizira osachotsa zikwapu kuchokera kwa garter. Ndikokwanira kungochichotsa pa "chilimwe" kupita "nthawi yachisanu".
- Amakhulupirira kuti Black Satin ndiyovuta kuberekana chifukwa siyimatulutsa mizu yoyamwa. Komabe, mchitidwe wamaluwa waluso umawonetsa kuti izi zimakhazikitsidwa mosavuta ndi nsonga za mphukira. Mphukira yabwino yotsika imasankhidwa, ikukanikizidwa pansi, yotetezedwa ndi bulaketi, kuyikidwa mkati. Njirayi imachitika pakati pa chilimwe. Pakugwa, mutha kusiyanitsa mmera ndi mayi ndikuubzala pamalo okhazikika.
Kukula kwa Trellis kwa mabulosi akuda akuda kumakhala ndi mwayi wapadera: kumakupatsani mwayi wopanga mabulosi okongola pamalopo, omangidwa ndi mipesa yakuda. Popeza kuthekera kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana kusunga masamba kwa nthawi yayitali, kapangidwe kameneka sikataya zokongoletsa mpaka nthawi yophukira.