Mwachilengedwe, makangaza amakula ngati mtengo kapena shrub... Chikhalidwechi chidachokera ku liwu lachilatini loti "makangaza", lomwe limatanthawuza zokongola.
Zipatso za chomera choterocho ndizokulirapo, zopakidwa utoto wonyezimira kapena burgundy. Zamkati zamakangaza zimakhala ndi mbewu zazing'ono zambiri.
Mwachilengedwe, makangaza amakula pamapiri otsetsereka kapena m'malo amiyala, yomwe imalongosola kudzichepetsa kwa chomera nyengo ndi nthaka.
Komanso mtengo wotere imasinthira bwino ku microclimate.
Kufotokozera kwa khangaza laling'ono
Kukula kwamakangaza molingana ndi mitundu, pafupifupi mita imodzi. Maluwa a makangaza amafunika chisamaliro chapadera.
Pamtengo umodzi, mitundu iwiri yamaluwa imapangidwa nthawi yomweyo:
- pa maluwa ena pali pistil ndi stamens, mazira ambiri amapanga pa iwo ndipo pambuyo pake zipatso zimawonekera, mawonekedwe awo amafanana ndi maluwa amadzi;
- mtundu wina umawoneka ngati mabelu, koma maluwawo sagonana ndipo amangokhala ndi zokongoletsa.
Maluwawo ndi achikuda mumtundu wowala, wofiira ndipo amafika masentimita atatu m'mimba mwake.
Asayansi amatcha chipatso cha makangaza "makangaza", amafikira masentimita 18 m'mimba mwake. Khungu la zipatso zotere ndilolimba kwambiri, mtundu wake umasiyana ndi pinki wowala mpaka wofiyira wakuda.
Mkati mwa chipatso chimodzi, mumatha kukhala mbewu zokwana 1200, zomwe zimadzazidwa ndi chipolopolo chokhala ndi madzi ambiri. Kukoma kwa zamkati ndi kotsekemera komanso kowawasa, kowutsa mudyo kwambiri komanso kolimbikitsa; zipatso zotere nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga madzi.
Kunyumba, makangaza amtengo wapatali amakula ngati duwa lakunyumba, ndikuwonekera kwa zipatso ndikowonjezera kosangalatsa.
Kodi ndizotheka kulima chomera chokongoletsera kunyumba?
Ndizotheka kulima makangaza kunyumba, pakati pa mitengo yonse yazipatso yomwe imalimidwa kunyumba, makangaza ndiwodzichepetsa kwambiri.
Ndizosavuta kusamalira chomera chotere ndipo mutha kupeza zipatso zowutsa mudyo popanda kuchita khama.
Makangaza ang'onoang'ono "Nana" amalimidwa m'nyumba.... Amayamba kuphulika akafika kutalika kwa masentimita 40, pomwe amakhala ndi zipatso zodya 10, zomwe zimasiyana ndi mitengo ya m'munda kukula kwake (5-6 sentimita m'mimba mwake).
Kawirikawiri, mitundu yotsatira ya makangaza imabzalidwa kunyumba:
- Alba ukapolo - Izi sizimabala zipatso ndipo zimalimidwa maluwa akulu komanso okongola. Amadziwika ndi kapangidwe ka terry ndi kirimu, ndipo amatha kufikira m'mimba mwake mpaka masentimita 6. Masamba a mitunduyi ndi amchere, owirira, owulungika, otambasuka pang'ono, amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira. Chodziwika bwino cha kusiyanasiyana ndikuti chimakula mwachangu kwambiri, koma ngati zingafunike, izi zitha kuyimitsidwa pobzala chomera mu chidebe chaching'ono.
- Carthage ndi Khanda - mitundu yofala kwambiri yamkati, mitengo imakula mpaka masentimita 50 kutalika, ngakhale pali zitsanzo zomwe zikukula mofanana ndi mita imodzi. Maluwa ambiri amawoneka pazomera izi, ndipo zipatso zimawoneka kuyambira mchaka chachiwiri cha moyo.
Ngakhale kuti maluwa angapo amatha kuphulika nthawi imodzi, pafupifupi mazira 3-4 amapangidwa.
Malamulo obzala mtengo wamakangaza
Kukula makangaza mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zomwe mwagula m'sitolo... Nthawi yabwino kubzala mbewu ndikumayambiriro kwa Epulo.
Ngalandezi zimatsanulidwa pansi pa bokosi kapena chidebe, kenako mchenga wamtsinje woyera, momwe mbewu zamakangaza zimakulitsidwa ndi mamililita 5. Kenako nthaka imakhuthala ndikuphimbidwa ndi kanema kapena galasi, izi ndizofunikira kuti mukwaniritse kutentha.
Mphukira zoyamba zikawoneka, muyenera kudikirira milungu ina iwiri, chifukwa mphukira zamakangaza zimawoneka pang'onopang'ono.
Mwamsanga pamene masamba 5-6 athanzi amawonekera pa mbandeIkhoza kuikidwa m'miphika yosiyana, pansi pake imatsanulira ngalande ndikusakaniza nthaka:
- Nthaka ziwiri nthaka ya zipatso;
- Gawo limodzi mchenga;
- Gawo limodzi la vermicompost.
Mtengo uli mumphika, ndikofunikira madzi ochuluka kuti athandize kuzika mizu koyambirira.
Ngati kudula kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chodzala, ndiye kuti chiyenera kuikidwa mumchenga wonyowa ndikuphimbidwa ndi botolo lagalasi.
Pakadutsa pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, masamba oyamba adzawonekera pa cuttings, pambuyo pake amatha kuikidwa m'miphika yosiyana. Kuyika mizu kumachitika mwachangu kwambiri ngati kudula kumayikidwa m'malo opatsa mphamvu kwa maola 6 musanadzalemo.
Njirayi siyowopsa kwenikweni., chifukwa pamikhalidwe yotere, mitundu yonse ya mtengo wamayi imasungidwa.
Kusamalira mtengo wanyumba
Kuti makangaza akule bwino ndikusangalatsa mawonekedwe ake, ayenera kupereka zofunikira.
Nyengo | Malamulo osamalira |
M'ngululu ndi chilimwe | Mtengo umafuna kuwala kwa dzuwa momwe ungathere, ndipo ngati nyengo ikutentha kunja, amayi ambiri apanyumba amalangiza kuti atenge chomeracho kupita kumlengalenga, pazifukwa izi khonde kapena loggia ndiyabwino. Komanso, panthawiyi, kuthirira makangaza kuyenera kukhala kosalekeza komanso kochuluka, choncho nthaka siyenera kuloledwa kuti iume. Pa Maluwa ndi zipatso kamodzi pa masiku 10-14 mtengowo umadyetsedwa ndi feteleza ovuta. Nthawi zambiri, feteleza wa Etisso amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati makangaza; amagulitsidwa m'mitundu iwiri, yonse yamaluwa komanso yobiriwira. Ndikoyenera kukumbukira kuti panthawi ya zipatso, makangaza amathiriridwa mosamala kwambiri, nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa, ndipo chinyezi chowonjezera chimatha kubalalitsa chipatso. Kuphatikiza kuthirira, makangaza amapopera ndi madzi ofunda kamodzi pamasabata awiri. |
M'dzinja ndi dzinja | Pofika nyengo yophukira, mtengowo umatha kutaya masamba ake ndikupita patali. kuti apange zinthu pafupi ndi zachilengedwe za mtengowo, muchepetse kuchuluka kwa chinyezi chomwe chayambitsidwa kwa miyezi pafupifupi 2-3 ndikusunthira mphika pamalo ozizira. Kukonzekera chomera m'nyengo yozizira, chimathiriridwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa mullein komwe kumakonzedwa kuchokera ku magalamu 100 a manyowa ndi madzi okwanira 1 litre. |
Pambuyo pa gawo lopuma, kumapeto kwa mwezi wa February, ndikofunikira pang'onopang'ono ikulitsa kuchuluka kwa kuthirira ndikusunthira chomeracho ku kuwala kwa dzuwa.
Mfundo ina yosamalira ikukonza kudulira.... Khangaza lachiwombankhanga limayankha bwino njirayi ndipo imatha kupatsidwa mawonekedwe aliwonse, kusankha komwe kumadalira zokonda zanu zokha.
Nthawi zambiri mumatha kupeza makangaza amkati, ofanana ndi mtengo wa bonsai. Kudulira kuyenera kuchitika koyambirira kwa masika (koyambirira kwa Marichi) kapena kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira (kumapeto kwa Disembala).
Madeti oterewa sanasankhidwe mwangozi, kuti asawononge mtengowo, ntchito imagwiridwa ikapuma, ndipo palibe kuyamwa kwamphamvu.
Kupatula njira zonse, mpaka zaka 5, makangaza amaikidwa chaka chilichonse, pang'onopang'ono kukulitsa kukula kwa mphikawo kuchokera pa 100 mpaka 500 milliliters, pomwe kulangizidwa kusankha chidebe chopapatiza.
M'malo mobzala mbewu za anthu akuluakulu, dothi lapamwamba limalowedwa m'malo.
Momwe mungakulire makangaza amkati:
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Makangaza amkati, monga chomera china chilichonse atengeke kuoneka matenda osiyanasiyana ndi tizirombozomwe muyenera kuzichotsa posachedwa.
Nthawi zambiri, matenda otsatirawa amapezeka pachomera chotere:
Matenda | Kufotokozera | Njira zomenyera nkhondo |
Powdery mildew | Kuphulika koyera pamasamba a chomeracho, pomwe mipira yakuda kwambiri imapezeka. Powdery mildew amayamba ndi bowa owopsa. Kawirikawiri, matendawa amapezeka chifukwa cha mpweya wochepa, kusintha kwa kutentha kapena chinyezi m'chipindacho. N`zothekanso matenda ochokera ku zomera zina ndi m'malovu mpweya. | M'magawo oyamba, yankho lopangidwa kuchokera ku magalamu asanu a phulusa la koloko ndi madzi okwanira 1 litre, amathanso kuwonjezera magalamu 5-10 a sopo. Ngati powdery mildew yanyalanyazidwa mokwanira, ndiye kuti pakufunika kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala, mwachitsanzo, scor, topazi kapena hom. |
Khansara ya nthambi | Makungwa a nthambizo akung'ambika ndipo ziphuphu zamatope zimawoneka m'mphepete mwa tchipisi. Choyambitsa matendawa ndi kuwonongeka kwamakina kapena chisanu. | Ndikovuta kwambiri kuchotsa matendawa, njira yokhayo yothetsera ndikudula nthambi zowonongekazo ndi mpeni wakuthwa wam'munda, kuchiza bala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndikuyika mafuta ochepa a varnish m'munda. |
Mawanga pamasamba | Mawanga amapezeka pamasamba, mtundu wake umakhala wachikaso mpaka bulauni. Kuwonongeka koteroko kumawonetsa chinyezi chambiri panthaka. | Chomeracho chiyenera kuikidwa m'nthaka yatsopano, ngati kuwola kwafalikira ku mizu, ndiye kuti mbali zomwe zakhudzidwa zimachotsedwa, ndipo kudula kumachitidwa ndi malasha osweka. |
Whitefly ndi nsabwe za m'masamba | Tizirombo timadya masamba a mtengo, zomwe zimaufooketsa. | Ngati pali tizilombo tochepa, ndiye kuti akhoza kuchotsedwa pamanja. Agulugufe achikulire amatsukidwa ndi choyeretsa, ndipo mutha kuchotsa mphutsi ndi nsabwe za m'masamba pochiza masamba ndi yankho la sopo wochapira. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera fitoverm, spark, karbofos, ndi zina zambiri. Tetezani nthaka ndi kukulunga pulasitiki musanamwe mankhwala. |
Mtengo wamakangaza umawerengedwa kuti ndi umodzi mwazomera zodabwitsa kwambiri., koma nthawi yomweyo kumusamalira ndikosavuta.
Kuphatikiza pa zipatso zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa, ili ndi mawonekedwe abwino komanso fungo labwino.