Posankha nthanga za nkhaka, wamaluwa ambiri amatsogozedwa ndi mawonekedwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana, amakonda mitundu yolimba osati yovuta kwambiri kusamalira. Paratunka amakwaniritsa izi.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a Paratunka nkhaka zosiyanasiyana
Masakatuli a nkhaka amapsa molawirira kwambiri, masiku 40-43 ikangotuluka, nthawi yokolola imayamba. Nthawi yoberekera pansi pazabwino komanso chisamaliro choyenera imakhala mpaka kuzizira kwambiri.
Chomeracho chimakhala ndi kukula kwakukulu kokhala ndi nthambi zochepa. Masambawo ali ndi utoto wobiriwira wobiriwira. Pa tsamba limodzi la sinus, zipatso zazing'ono 2-3 zimapangidwa ndi khungu losakhwima, pomwe pamakhala mikwingwirima yachikaso (gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika)
Kutalika kwa greenery kumafika 7-10 masentimita, kulemera kwake 80-100 gr... Makilogalamu 12-16 akhoza kuchotsedwa pa mita mita mabedi. Chofunika kwambiri ndi kusowa kwa kuyendetsa maluwa.
Paratunka ndi mitundu yosunthika yoyenera kulimidwa panja. Zipatsozo ndizoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano ndikukonzekera nyengo yozizira.
Mitundu ya Paratunka idabadwa posachedwa - mu 2006 ndi kampani yazaulimi yaku Moscow Semko-Junior.
Ubwino ndi zovuta zamitundu yosiyanasiyana
Cholinga cha obereketsa chinali kupeza chomera ndi chitetezo champhamvu komanso nthawi yayitali yobala zipatso... Zotsatira zake sizinakwaniritse zoyembekezera zokha, komanso zidalimbikitsidwa ndi mikhalidwe ina yopindulitsa ya wosakanizidwa wa Paratunka.
Ubwino waukulu:
- kusinthasintha;
- kukoma kokoma ndi mawu okoma (osapweteka);
- kukana matenda osiyanasiyana ndi tizirombo (bacteriosis, bulauni banga, powdery mildew, etc.);
- zokolola zambiri;
- amasunga chiwonetsero chake bwino poyendetsa;
- kuthekera kokukula m'malo ambiri mdziko muno.
Mitundu ya Paratunka ikulimbikitsidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo otsatirawa: Volgo-Vyatka, Middle Volzhsky, North, North-West, North Caucasian, Central, Central lapansi wakuda.
Zoyipa za haibridi alibe ayi, kupatula kuti mtengo wokwera wa mbewu ndi minga yakuthwa kwambiri pakhungu la chipatsocho.
Zofunika panthaka yobzala
Nkhaka zimabzalidwa panthaka yamtundu uliwonse, koma zokolola zambiri zimapezeka pamtunda wachonde (loam, sandy loam), womwe ndale kapena pang'ono acidic.
Pa dothi ladothi, kupezeka kwa chinyezi ndi michere ndi chomera ndi kovuta, chifukwa chake tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse mchenga, peat ndi humus (chisakanizocho chimapangidwa ndi magawo ofanana azinthu). Mutha kutsitsa acidity poyambitsa ufa wa dolomite (tuff, miyala yamiyala yosweka) nthawi yophukira kukumba.
Mukamasankha malo, sankhani masamba omwe ali paphiri. Zomwe zimachitika m'madzi apadziko lapansi lapansi zitha kuyambitsa mizu, zipatso.
Nkhaka amatulutsa zakudya m'nthaka, kotero njira za umuna ndi gawo limodzi la chisamaliro cha mbewu.
Kukonzekera nthaka yobzala Iyenera kuyamba m'dzinja... Manyowa atsopano amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamabedi omwe akonzedwa, pambuyo pake nthaka imakumbidwa. Pa nthawi yozizira mullein kuvunda, kukonza nthaka, kuipangitsa kukhala ndi zinthu zofunikira kwambiri (nayitrogeni, potaziyamu, calcium, phosphorous, ndi zina). Kuchuluka kwa manyowa pa 1 m2 zimadalira mulingo wa chonde m'nthaka, pafupifupi 6-9 kg / m2 amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ngati ntchito yokonzekera nthaka yophukira sinachitike, izi zitha kuchitika kumapeto kwa masiku 30-50 musanafese mbewu. Musanadzalemo, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muyambe humus (4 makilogalamu / m2).
Kuphatikiza pa zinthu zakuthupi, feteleza amchere amagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- superphosphate (40 g pa 1 m2);
- ammonium nitrate (15 gr. pa 1 m2);
- mchere wa potashi (25 g pa 1 m2);
- phulusa lamatabwa (200 gr. 1 m2).
Ayenera kubweretsedwa nthawi yokumba nthaka, kuti ikule 20-30 masentimita... Ndi kuya uku komwe mizu ya nkhaka imayamba.
Kufesa malamulo
Kulima kwa Paratunka zosiyanasiyana sikusiyana ndi malamulo onse olima nkhaka.
Olima minda amagwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri zobzala mbewu:
- pamalo otseguka;
- kwa mbande.
Kufesa kumayambira pafupipafupi pakati pa Meyi, koma wamaluwa samatsogozedwa ndi nthawi, koma nyengo.
Kukula kwamasamba mwakhama kumayambira kutentha kwa mpweya Madigiri 22-24Chizindikiro cha dothi chikuyenera kukhala osachepera 14-15 madigiri.
Mukamabzala m'mizere masanjidwe otsatirawa agwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Pakati pa tchire ndi 15-18 cm;
- Mtunda pakati pa mizere ndi 60-70 cm;
- kuya kwa mabowo ndi 3 cm.
Liti kukaikira mazira njira yobzala imagwiritsa ntchito chiwembu: 50 x 30 cm.
Kuti mukolole koyambirira ndi kuteteza mbande ku kasupe wa kasupe, mbewu zimafesedwa m'makontena osiyana (miphika yaying'ono, makapu) m'malo otenthetsa kapena m'nyumba.
Njira imeneyi imapereka mfundo zofunika izi:
- mbewu zimabzalidwa mmera pamwezi musanatumize mbande pamalo otseguka;
- dothi la makapu limagwiritsidwa ntchito mopepuka (musanagwiritse ntchito liyenera kukhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikuwotha moto);
- nyembazo ziyenera kuyamba kuthiridwa ndikutenthedwa (njirayi siyofunikira pama hybrids);
- Ndikofunika kukulitsa mbewu m'nthaka ndi 1.5-2 cm;
- zisanatuluke, pamwamba pazotengera ziyenera kukhala yokutidwa ndi galasi kapena zojambulazo;
- kuthirira kumafunika nthawi zonse, koma moyenera;
- Pambuyo pa mphukira zazing'ono, kutentha kumatsika, ndipo masabata awiri asanasamutsidwe ku mabedi, mbandezo zimakhala zolimba (zotengera ziyenera kutulutsidwa kunja kwa maola 2-3).
Mizu ya mbande siikukula, choncho, mmera uyenera kusamutsidwa kudzenje mosamala pamodzi ndi nthaka.
Chisamaliro
Mitundu ya Paratunka ndi yodzichepetsa, koma chisamaliro chofunikira chomera ndikofunikira.
Kuthirira
Kuthirira ndikulimbikitsidwa masiku atatu aliwonse ndi madzi ofunda, nyengo yotentha, kuthirira kumachitika tsiku lililonse. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, iyenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti nthaka izinyowa 20-25 cm. Pofuna kupewa chinyezi kuchepa, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito kukonkha, kukapanda kuleka njira yothirira.
Kupalira ndi kumasula
Kuti apatse mpweya muzu, kumasula nthaka kumachitika nthawi ndi nthawi. Njirayi kuphatikizapo kupaliraPopeza kuyandikira kwa namsongole kumapangitsa kuti mizu ivunde, kuchuluka kwa tizirombo tambiri m'nkhalango zowirira. Zonsezi, mankhwala 4-6 amachitika nthawi yokula.
Kudyetsa kokwanira nkhaka
Chomeracho chimayamwa michere yonse m'nthaka, chifukwa chake, kuyambira nthawi yobzala mpaka kumapeto kwa zipatso, ma bait 3-4 amayambitsidwa.
Choyamba Pangani pambuyo pakupanga masamba 2-3 pa mbande. Mwa mchere, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsira ntchito chisakanizo cha urea (15 g), potaziyamu sulphate (15 g) ndi superphosphate (50 g). Muthanso kusungunula mullein m'madzi (1 litre yankho lakuda pa ndowa) kapena ndowe za mbalame (makapu 1.5 pa chidebe chamadzi)
Chachiwiri nyambo, wolemera mu nayitrogeni-potaziyamu zinthu, umayamba pa siteji koyamba fruiting, wachitatu - m'ma July.
Zolakwitsa zosamalira
Wamaluwa osadziwa zambiri amalakwitsa zomwe zimachepetsa zokolola:
- kunyalanyaza umuna;
- kusankha kolakwika kwa malo ogona;
- kufesa mbewu molawirira kwambiri;
- kuphwanya boma lothirira;
- kuchedwetsa chithandizo pakawonongeka mbeu.
Matenda ndi kupewa kwawo
Adani akulu a nkhaka za Paratunka ndi awa:
- mizu zowola;
- kufooka;
- peronosporosis;
- zoyera zoyera;
- nsabwe;
- kangaude.
Pazizindikiro zoyamba kuwonongeka kwa chomeracho, m'pofunika kukonza ndi chotsani tchire la matenda m'munda popewa kufalikira kwa matendawa.
Kupewa kwakanthawi kumaonedwa kuti ndiyo njira yothandiza kwambiri yopewera mavuto, yomwe ili ndi izi:
- kutsatira nthawi yomwe mukubzala (pewani kunenepa);
- kuwongolera chinyezi cha nthaka;
- kuyendera zomera tsiku ndi tsiku;
- kupalira ndi kumasula nthaka;
- kutetezedwa kwa mbeu ndi chiwembu chogona.
Malamulo okolola ndi kusunga
Paratunka nkhaka zipsa pafupifupi masiku 42 kuchokera kumera.
Pofuna kupewa zipatso kuti zisakule, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti musonkhanitse Nthawi 1 m'masiku awiri... Mutha kusunga zokolola kwa masiku osachepera 10 ngati muyika mabokosiwo pansi (kutentha osapitilira +8 madigiri). Ngati chizindikirocho chikuposa madigiri + 10, ndiye kuti alumali amachepetsedwa kukhala masiku 4.
Mtundu wosakanizidwa wa Paratunka udavomerezedwa ndi wamaluwa omwe amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana mdziko muno. Ndizosangalatsa kukulitsa, mutha kuyesa kulima munyumba yosungira, monga opanga olimba mtima adachita.