Chaka chilichonse obereketsa amapanga mitundu yatsopano ya mabulosi. Chifukwa cha matekinoloje amakono, mabungwe asayansi amapanga mitundu yazomera yosagonjetsedwa ndi matenda, tizirombo kapena chisanu, komanso imathandizira kukoma kwa zipatso zawo.
Koma pali mitundu yomwe sitiwopa nthawi ndi mpikisano wa mitundu yatsopano ya hybrids. Mibadwo ya wamaluwa imasintha, ndipo amasungabe kutchuka kwawo. Imodzi mwa mitundu iyi ndi jamu yakuda ya Black Negus, yomwe yakhala ikupezeka mdziko lathu kwazaka pafupifupi 100.
Mbiri yakubala ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Black Negus
Jamu Black Negus yopangidwa ndi All-Russian Research Institute of Horticulture yotchedwa. Michurina I.V. mzaka za m'ma 20 zapitazo. Koma, tisanalankhule za kulengedwa kwake, tiyeni titembenuzire ku mbiriyakale ya jamu kunyumba.
Mu Middle Ages, gooseberries anali otchuka kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa waku Britain. Mitundu yoposa chikwi ya mbewuyi idapangidwa ndi obereketsa achingerezi. Amasiyana mitundu ndi zipatso za zipatso, zina zomwe zimafanana kukula ndi dzira la nkhuku. Koma thambo linatha pomwe, pakati pa zaka za 19th, mitundu ya jamu kuchokera ku America idabwera ku Europe.
Chifukwa limodzi ndi iwo, matenda owononga chomeracho - powdery mildew - adalowa m'minda yaku Europe. Zotsatira zake, zaka zochepa pambuyo pake, pafupifupi minda yonse ya jamu idawonongedwa ku England. Mitundu yambiri yaku Europe idatayika, ndipo aku America anali otsika kwambiri kwa iwo mwa kulawa. Njira yokhayo yothanirana ndi izi inali chisankho choyambitsa kuyesa kuwoloka mitundu yaku America yolimbana ndi cinoni ndi ma Europe omwe ali ndi kukoma kwabwino.
Watsopano wophatikiza mbewu zomwe zikukula kumadera akutali wina ndi mzake anali I.V. Michurin. Ku sukulu yake, adapanga mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu, ndipo mitundu ya Black Negus imawerengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwabwino kwambiri. Kuti apange izi, jamu la Krasilny, lomwe ndi mbeu zamtchire zaku America, komanso kalimi waku Europe "Anibut" adawoloka.
Michurin adafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu uwu wosakanizidwa ngati chinthu chokhacho chotsalira, kuti apange mitundu ina yolimbana ndi powdery mildew pamaziko ake. Koma, mosayembekezereka kwa aliyense, Black Negus adatchuka ndipo adayamba kutengedwa ngati chomera chokwanira. Pafupifupi zaka zana limodzi zapita kuchokera pamenepo, ndipo zosiyanasiyanazi zikulimidwabe m'minda yamasewera.
Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana
Jamu Black Negus ndi shrub yamphamvu yokhala ndi kutalika kwa 1.5 mpaka 2. Ili ndi mphukira yolimba, yolimba yokutidwa ndi minga ndi nthambi zazitali za mawonekedwe a arched, ikukula mpaka mbali ndi kumtunda. Masamba a chomeracho ndi chachikulu, chobiriwira chowala, m'mphepete mwake. Mitunduyi ndi yayitali, yakuthwa, imapezeka iwiri, itatu komanso osakwatira.
Zipatsozo ndizopangidwa ndi peyala, zokhala ndi mautali opindika komanso mapangidwe awiri kapena amodzi. Mbali yapadera ya mitundu iyi ndi mtundu wa zipatso - ndi akuda buluu, wowala komanso yosalala, opanda pubescence. Magazi a zipatsozo ndi ofiira mosiyanasiyana.
Zipatsozo ndizocheperako, kutalika kwake sikupitilira masentimita 2-2.5.Khungu ndi lochepa, koma silimaphwanya ngakhale nyengo yowuma. Amamatira ku tchire bwino, osasweka. Amakhala ndi kukoma kokoma komanso kosawasa, komwe kumakhala kowawa, komanso kununkhira kowoneka bwino kwa chomeracho.
Black negus imakhala ndi nthawi yakucha, yomwe imayamba kuyambira zaka khumi ndi zitatu za Julayi.
Anadziwika pakati pa wamaluwa chifukwa cha izi:
- Kukoma kwa zipatso (Mfundo za 4.7) ndi mavitamini olemera a zipatso. Ndipo chifukwa cha utoto wawo, zipatso za Black Negus zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika. Amapanga ma compote, mavinyo, amateteza komanso kupanikizana bwino kwambiri pakulawa ndi utoto. Gooseberries pang'ono amathanso kuwonjezeredwa ku compotes kuchokera ku zipatso zina kuti akhale ndi ruby hue wokongola.
- Zima hardiness. Mitunduyi imapirira nyengo yozizira yozizira komanso chisanu chosayembekezereka cha chisanu, chifukwa chake ndi koyenera kuswana m'malo onse a Russia.
- Kubala zipatso nthawi zonse. Kuyambira zaka 2-4, Black Negus imabala zipatso mosasunthika chaka chilichonse.
- Zokolola zambiri. Mpaka makilogalamu 7 a zipatso amatha kukololedwa kuchitsamba chachikulu.
- Kuyendetsa bwino kokwanira, komwe ndi masiku 20-25.
- Kukaniza matenda. Pafupifupi samakhudzidwa ndi powdery mildew, dzimbiri ndi matenda ena a mafangasi.
Zovuta zokhazokha za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi minga yake yayikulu komanso yakuthwa., zomwe zimapangitsa kukolola kukhala kovuta kwambiri.
Kukhalapo kwa minga yayitali kumatha kukupindulitsani pogwiritsa ntchito zitsamba za jamu ngati tchinga. Ikakula mokwanira, idzakhala khoma laminga losagonjetseka.
Chifukwa chake, Black Negus zosiyanasiyana ili ndi zabwino zambiri, ndipo ilibe zovuta. Monga chikhalidwe chilichonse cham'munda, imayamikiridwa makamaka chifukwa cha zipatso zake zokoma komanso zathanzi. Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tiganizire mwatsatanetsatane za zakudya zawo, momwe angawathandizire m'thupi, komanso zotsutsana.
Ubwino wakuda jamu ndi zotsutsana ndi kagwiritsidwe kake
Gooseberries ali ndi mavitamini ndi michere yambiri. Amakhulupirira kuti chipatso chakuda kwambiri, chimakhalanso ndi thanzi labwino. Chifukwa chake, pali zakudya zopitilira 3-4 zakuda mu gooseberries wakuda kuposa achibale ake obiriwira komanso oyera.
Mitengo ya Black Negus ili ndi izi:
- Amathandizira polimbana ndi matenda opatsirana, chifukwa mavitamini C. Ambiri mwa ascorbic acid amakhala mu chipolopolo cha zipatso.
- Amathandizira magwiridwe antchito amanjenje, omwe amathandizidwa ndi kupezeka kwa mavitamini a B ndikutsata zinthu monga calcium, manganese, potaziyamu, ayodini, chitsulo, zinc ndi mkuwa.
- Chiritsani mitsempha yamagazi yokhala ndi mavitamini P ndi C, ndipo potaziyamu ndi magnesium amasamalira thanzi la mtima.
- Zimakhudza kwambiri khungu komanso mawonekedwe ake, chifukwa cha vitamini A.
- Amalangizidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yoyembekezera chifukwa chazambiri, Popanda kutulutsa kwathunthu kwa intrauterine sikungatheke.
- Kuchuluka kwa zinthu za pectin kumayendetsa magwiridwe antchito am'mimba ndikuthandizira kuthetsa poizoni mthupi.
- Ma anthocyanins omwe amapezeka mu chipatso amathandizira kuchotsa mitsempha yamagazi ya cholesterol, kuyimitsa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndikuletsa mawonekedwe a atherosclerotic plaques.
- Zitsulo zambiri (800 mg pa 100 g) zimapangitsa chipatso kukhala mankhwala othandiza kuchepa magazi m'thupi.
- Mitengo yakuda ya jamu ikhoza kuphatikizidwa pazakudya za odwala matenda ashuga, chifukwa ali ndi chakudya chochepa, koma nthawi yomweyo amatha kupatsa mavitamini ndi fiber.
Ngakhale maubwino onse a jamu wakuda, pali zotsutsana ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito:
- Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa vitamini C, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lodana ndi zovuta sayenera kusamala ndi gooseberries. Pachifukwa chomwecho, mabulosiwo sakuvomerezeka kwa amayi oyamwitsa.
- High asidi okhutira zingayambitse kuwonjezeka kwa matenda m'mimba. Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli, ndibwino kuti zipatsozo azitenthe.
- Osasakaniza ma gooseberries ndi mkaka; palimodzi ali ndi mphamvu yotulutsa mankhwala ofewetsa tuvi tolimba ndipo amayambitsa matenda otsekula m'mimba.
Tidazindikira momwe zithandizira komanso zotsutsana, ndiye tiona momwe zipatso za jamu zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuphika.
Maphikidwe odziwika kwambiri akuda wakuda
Pokonzekera zosowa kuchokera ku gooseberries wakuda, ndikofunikira kusunga zabwino zambiri za mabulosi momwe zingathere. Ndipo, monga mukudziwa, mavitamini onse amawonongeka panthawi yotentha. Chifukwa chake, mchere wofunikira kwambiri wathanzi wopangidwa kuchokera ku zipatso ndikupanga kupanikizana kozizira.
Jamu wakuda wakuda ndi kupanikizana kwa lalanje.
Kupanikizana koteroko kumakonzedwa popanda chithandizo cha kutentha, komwe kumakupatsani mwayi wosunga zipatso zake. Mu nyengo ya chimfine, chakudya chokoma chotere chimathandizira kuthana ndi matendawa, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi kumawonjezera chitetezo. Kuti mukonzekere, tengani 1 kg ya zipatso za Black Negus, 500 g shuga ndi 1 lalanje.
Magazi a gooseberries wakuda ndi okoma okha, choncho popanga kupanikizana, simukuyenera kutenga zipatso ndi shuga mofanana, monga zipatso zambiri.
Njira yopangira kupanikizana ikuphatikizapo izi:
- Muzimutsuka zipatso ndi jamu, peeling pa mapesi ndi masamba;
- youma zipatso pa thaulo;
- sambani lalanje osalisenda;
- sungani jamu ndi lalanje ndi zest;
- Sakanizani misa chifukwa ndi shuga.
Konzani kupanikizana kozizira mumitsuko yolera yotseketsa komanso firiji.
Vinyo wopangidwa kuchokera ku gooseberries ndiwotchuka kwambiri, ndipo sakhala wotsika konse mwa kukoma ndi kununkhira kwa chakumwa chopangidwa kuchokera ku mphesa.
Vinyo wokometsera wa jamu.
Kuti mukonzekere, muyenera 1 kg ya gooseberries, magalasi awiri a shuga, madzi okwanira 1 litre.
Zipatso sizitsukidwa chifukwa cha vinyo, choncho ziyenera kutengedwa kuchokera kuthengo mosamala kwambiri kuti zisawonongeke panthaka.
Kupanga vinyo wopanga tokha ndi izi:
- Sanjani zipatsozo pochotsa mapesi.
- Sakanizani bwino ma gooseberries.
- Wiritsani shuga ndi madzi ndi refrigerate.
- Ikani zamkati ndi madzi a jamu, zomwe zidapangidwa ndikuphwanya, mu chidebe chagalasi. Thirani mu madzi a shuga.
- Muziganiza ndi spatula wamatabwa, kuphimba beseni ndi gauze ndikuyika malo otentha kwa sabata. Ndi bwino kukhazikitsa beseni mu beseni, chifukwa ma gooseberries amawira mwamphamvu, ndipo zina mwazomwe zitha kutuluka.
- Patatha sabata, zamkati zimapanga pamwamba, zomwe zimayenera kuchotsedwa ndi spatula yamatabwa.
- Thirani madziwo mumtsuko wosungidwa ndi madzi ndikusunga pamalo otentha kwa miyezi iwiri yotsatira.
- Mukamaliza kuthira mafuta, komwe muphunzire mothandizidwa ndi chidindo cha madzi, kusefa vinyo wachinyamatayo ndikuwathira muzombo zabwino.
- Ikani mabotolo pamalo ozizira kuti akhwime bwino kwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi.
Vinyo wonunkhirawa wa jamu adzakhala chokongoletsera choyenera patebulo lanu lachikondwerero.
Ngati ambiri amvapo za kupanikizana, vinyo ndi jamu compote, ndipo ali okonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje omwewo monga mankhwala ofanana ndi zipatso zina, ndiye anthu ochepa okha omwe amadziwa za msuzi wokometsera wopangidwa ndi zipatso za Black Negus. Msuzi uwu ukhoza kuwonjezera zest pazakudya zonse zanyama ndi mbale kuchokera ku chimanga ndi masamba.
Msuzi wakuda wakuda
Pokonzekera, 1 kg ya zipatso za jamu muyenera:
- 400 g anyezi wofiira;
- 1 clove wa adyo;
- 1 tbsp mafuta a masamba;
- 60 ml ya madzi;
- 170 g shuga, makamaka bulauni;
- ½ tsp ginger pansi;
- 2 tsp kuphika;
- 2 tbsp vinyo wosasa woyera;
- 70 g zoumba;
- 4 tsp mchere.
Kuphika kumaphatikizapo izi:
- Muzimutsuka ndi kuchotsa zinyalala zilizonse mu gooseberries.
- Dulani bwinobwino anyezi ndi adyo ndikuyimira kwa mphindi 20 osakaniza mafuta ndi masamba.
- Onjezerani zipatso, shuga ndi mchere kwa iwo. Simmer kwa mphindi 10, oyambitsa nthawi zonse.
- Onjezerani zoumba, zonunkhira ndi viniga. Imani pafupifupi mphindi 10, mpaka ma gooseberries ataphika ndikusakaniza kumakulanso.
Msuzi womalizidwa amatsanuliridwa mumitsuko yotsekemera. Kuti mukhale osasinthasintha, mutha kupukuta ndi blender, pokhapokha mutafunikira kuwotenthetsanso pang'ono musanadzaze mitsuko.
Ma gooseberries akuda samangodyetsa thupi lanu ndi zinthu zothandiza ndikuthandizira kuthana ndi matenda, komanso kusiyanitsa menyu anu ndi maphikidwe okoma komanso osazolowereka. Sizodabwitsa kuti Black Negus sanathenso kutsogolera mitundu yatsopano ya gooseberries kwa nthawi yayitali.
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