Chifukwa cha ntchito yoswana yomwe idachitika mu 2008, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya phwetekere Nastenka idapezeka. Ambiri wamaluwa amasankha mitundu yosakanikayi pamitengo yayikulu. komanso kuthekera kokukula munyengo iliyonse. Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wosakanizidwa wa Nastenka aperekedwa pansipa.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a phwetekere Nastenka
Phwetekere Nastenka ndi ya mitundu yapakatikati yakucha. Kuchokera kumera mpaka kubala zipatso, masiku 95-105 apita.
Chomera chofika 70 cm chimakhala chophatikizana zitsamba zosafunikira zowonjezera. Masamba ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi ziphuphu, zobiriwira zobiriwira. Masamba ambiri amakhala ndi zimayambira. Inflorescence yamitundu iyi ndiyosavuta, ndipo peduncle imafotokozedwa. Ma inflorescence oyamba amaikidwa pambuyo pa masamba 10-12, zotsatira - pambuyo pa masamba 2-3 kuchokera m'mbuyomu. Mphukira yayikulu imasiya kukula pambuyo poti chitsamba chimapanga ma inflorescence 12. Chomeracho chili ndi thumba losunga mazira ambiri, kotero kuti chikacha, muyenera kutola zipatso zakupsa nthawi zonse, potero zimalola kuti ina ipse mwachangu.
Zipatsozo ndi zozungulira mozungulira, panthawi yakukhwima zimakhala ndi mtundu wosalala wa pinki. Tomato wa sing'anga pakatikati pa kukhwima kwaukadaulo ali ndi kulemera kwa 150-200 g.Amadziwika ndi nyama yawo, juiciness ndi kukoma kwake.
Ubwino ndi zovuta
Ngakhale kuti mitundu ya Nastya imawonedwa ngati yatsopano, adakwanitsa kupambana chikondi cha wamaluwa ambiri, oyamba kumene komanso odziwa zambiri, chifukwa cha zabwino zomwe adachita:
- mkulu zizindikiro zokolola, ndi chisamaliro choyenera komanso zinthu zabwino, imatha kupereka mpaka 10-12 kg pa 1m2;
- kuthekera kokula monga m'malo otenthetsa ndi malo otseguka;
- kuthekera kokhazikitsa zipatso mdera lililonse, Zokwanira kulima kumadera a Siberia, chifukwa zimapilira bwino nyengo zonse;
- kukhwima koyambirira ndi kufanana kwa zipatso nyengo yonse yokula;
- kukana matenda akulu tomato, makamaka mochedwa choipitsa, amene kwambiri facilitates ntchito ya m'chilimwe wokhalamo;
- zokwanira nthawi yayitali yosungira, popeza zipatsozo sizifota ndipo sizikung'amba;
- oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zatsopano, zoperewera m'nyengo yozizira ndi kukonzekera zakudya zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapatsa chisangalalo ndi fungo linalake.
Zoyipa zamitunduyi ndi monga:
- kufunika kwakukulu feteleza amchere;
- kudziwa malamulo ndi maluso ena mukamamera mbande.
Mbali za kukula ndi kubzala
Mukamasankha mitundu iyi ya tomato, muyenera kudzidziwa bwino osati mphamvu zake komanso zofooka zake, komanso malamulo aukadaulo waulimi ndikuwasamalira.
Zofunika panthaka yobzala
Kukonzekera nthaka ya mbande kumatengedwa ngati chinthu chofunikira mukamakula tomato. Popeza ndizotheka kupeza mbande zolimba ndikukula kolimba pokhapokha ngati pali gawo labwino la nthaka, Ndi bwino kugula m'sitolo, posankha choyambira kapena chapadera, cholinga chake ndikulima tomato. Mutha kupanganso kusakaniza kwanu. Kuti muchite izi, ndikofunikira kuphatikiza dothi lamundawo ndi mchenga, kompositi ndi peat ndikuwonjezera zovuta za feteleza zomwe zili ndi potashi ndi phosphorous zinthu.
Musanabzala mbande pamalo otseguka, muyenera kusamala posankha malo ndi nthaka, pomwe zokolola zamtsogolo zimadalira.
Makonda ayenera kuperekedwa kumadera omwe ali otetezedwa ku mphepo yozizira.
Simungathe kulima mbewu m'malo otsika, onyowa pomwe madzi apansi panthaka ali pafupi. Ndikofunika kusankha dothi lamchenga, yomwe imanyamula chinyezi bwino kapena dothi loamy, lokhala ndi zinthu zachilengedwe.
Kufesa malamulo
Mulingo woyenera nthawi yakukula mbande - kutha kwa February - koyambirira kwa Marichi.
Mbewu zogulidwa m'masitolo apadera sizifunikira kuthiriridwa ndi kukonzedwa kuti zitha kupewa matenda, chifukwa zimadutsa munjira zamakampani.
Mbeu za phwetekere ziyenera kufesedwa muzotengera kapena mabokosi apadera. Chofunikira pazotengera ndi kupezeka kwa mabowo osungira madzi kuti atulutse chinyezi chambiri kuchokera mumizu yazomera.
Ndondomeko ya tsatane-tsatane pakubzala mbewu:
- Pansi pazotengera ikani ngalande mu 1-2 cm, ndiye tsanulirani gawo lapansi lokonzekera ndi madzi bwino, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ofunda.
- Pamene chinyezi chimayamwa pitani kubzala zinthu kuya kwa masentimita 1-2kusunga mtunda pakati pa mbewu za 2 cm.
- Fukani ndi wosanjikiza nthaka yachonde yachonde ndi moisten ndi botolo la utsi.
- Pambuyo pa kubzala ikani chidebecho m'chipinda chowala bwino ndi kutentha kwa 22-25̊ С, atawaphimba kale ndi zowonera.
- Mphukira zabwino zikawonekera muyenera kuchotsa kanemayo, kutsitsa kutentha mpaka 17-18̊ С ndikuchita kuthirira pang'ono, popeza kuthira madzi kumatha kuyambitsa kufa kwa mbewu.
- Mbande zimayenera kumira muzotengera zosiyana pakadali pano pakukula kwamasamba 2-3 masamba owona.
Thirani tomato pamalo otseguka
Nthawi yabwino yobzala mbande pabedi lotseguka ndikumayambiriro kwa Meyi, mpweya utatha kutentha mpaka madigiri 12 kapena kupitilira apo. Njira yobzala imachitika bwino m'mawa nyengo ikakhala mitambo, kotero kuti mbewu zikhale ndi mwayi wokula molimba. Pofika nthawi yobzala, mbande ziyenera kukhala masiku 60-65 ndikukhala ndi masamba 6-8 ndi maburashi 1-2 amaluwa.
Magawo akulu obzala:
- Asanatsike kuthirira mbande bwino, zomwe zingathandize kuchotsa mbande m'madontho osawononga khungwa.
- Pangani mabowo pakatikati pa fosholo ndi kuwadzaza ndi madzi. Pogwira ntchito yobzala, mutha kuyika pulogalamu ya 70x40, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kuchuluka kwa mbeu 4 pa 1 m2.
- Chinyezi chikalowa, chotsani mbande m'mitsuko ndi kuya pansi mozungulira pansi.
- Fukani mizu ndi nthaka... Kenako sungani manyowa kuzungulira tsinde ndikuphimba dzenjelo ndi nthaka, mosamala.
- Pamapeto pake pofika Thirani chitsamba chilichonse cha phwetekere ndi madzi okwanira 1 litre.
Pansi pa nyengo yabwino ndi chisamaliro choyenera, tomato woyamba adzawonekera koyambirira kwa Juni.
Kusamalira mosiyanasiyana mutabzala
Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri pakuchuluka kwa zokolola ndikuwonjezera nthawi ya zipatso zimaperekedwa ndi chisamaliro choyenera munthawi yake, chomwe zikuphatikizapo kukhazikitsa zinthu zotsatirazi:
- chinyezi kuchuluka kwapakati pamadzi ofunda;
- pafupipafupi kudyetsa chomerachokugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zovuta;
- Pakati pa kukula kwachangu udzu kuchokera namsongole, kumasula nthaka kuti nthawi zonse ikhale yotayirira komanso yoyera;
- chotsani masamba apansi kuonjezera kukula ndi mpweya wabwino wa tchire;
- kuzindikira njira zodzitetezera kuteteza mbewu ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga;
- nyengo yovuta ya ku Siberia mulch nthaka ndi udzu kapena udzukotero kuti mizu siuma.
Chinthu chachikulu ndikutsata ndondomekoyi, kutsatira malamulo ndi malingaliro a wamaluwa odziwa ntchito.
Matenda ndi kupewa kwawo
Mbewu ikamakula imafunika chisamaliro ndi chisamaliro. Ngakhale atakhala ndi chisamaliro chabwino, mlimiyo akhoza kusiya mbewu chifukwa cha ma virus, mabakiteriya, bowa kapena tizirombo. Matenda a tomato amakula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo nthawi zambiri wolima dimba sangathe kuzindikira vutoli adakali pomwepo.
Tizirombo zowopsa zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto osasinthika pachikhalidwe - kangaude ndi whitefly.
Matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha zipatso amaphatikizapo ma virus a fodya komanso vuto lakumapeto. Malinga ndi malongosoledwe ake, mitundu ya Nastena imakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira motsutsana ndi matendawa. Koma kutha kuthana ndi matenda sizitanthauza kuti chikhalidwe sichingatengeredwe konse. Kwenikweni, zomera kapena tomato wofooka ali pachiwopsezo, zomwe zimalimidwa posemphana ndi ukadaulo waulimi.
Pofuna kupewa kuwonekera kwa matenda aliwonse, m'pofunika kukonza chisamaliro choyenera cha tchire ndikuwunika nthawi zonse zomera. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi fungicides sikungapwetekenso.
Malamulo okolola phwetekere ndi malamulo osunga
Zipatso zimatha kutchera kupsa mosiyanasiyana, kutengera nyengo ndi kagwiritsidwe kake. Tomato, amadya nthawi yomweyo, makamaka apsa, ndikusunganso - panthawi yakupsa kwa blanche... Ubwino wokolola uku ndikupanga malo abwino okula ndi kusasitsa mitundu yonseyo.
Chachikulu ndikuti musaphonye masiku omalizira oyeretsera komaliza. Kololani pomwe kutentha kwamlengalenga usiku kuli pamwambapa 7-8 ̊С. Kutentha kochepa, pamakhala chiopsezo cha matenda a phwetekere, zomwe zingawonongeke zikasungidwa.
Tomato wothyoledwa msinkhu wokhwima kwathunthu ayenera kuthiridwa m'masiku atatu otsatira, ndipo wobiriwira amafunika kusungidwa.
Kuti mbewuyo ikhwime osawonongeka, muyenera kutsatira malamulo angapo posungira:
- sungani zipatso zokha zokolola nyengo yadzuwa ndi popanda kuwonongeka kulikonse, madontho ndi kuphatikiza kwina;
- phesi liyenera kusiya pa chipatso - izi zithandizira kukulitsa mashelufu pazaka zotheka;
- kukolola ikani zotengera zolimbayokutidwa ndi zofewa kuchokera mkati;
- sankhani chipinda chamdima, chowuma, champweya, chomwe kutentha kwake sikuposa 23̊C, ndipo chinyezi chokwanira ndi 80-85%.
Kulima mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya phwetekere Nastenka kumabweretsa chisangalalo chachikulu kwa aliyense wamaluwa... Chikhalidwe cha masamba chimapereka mphotho mowolowa manja posamalira ndi kusamalira zipatso zokoma za tomato wowutsa mudyo, wokoma komanso wonunkhira.