Amakhulupirira kuti mphesa ndi chomera chomwe chimakula mmaiko akumwera okha. Lingaliro ili ndi lolakwika ndipo silothandiza masiku ano. Chifukwa cha obereketsa am'nyumba komanso akunja, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imadzazidwanso ndi zochitika zatsopano, ndinazolowera nyengo zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimaperekedwa pansipa.
Kulima mphesa m'malo osiyanasiyana ku Russia
Dera la Russia ndi lalikulu, chifukwa nyengo kumadera zimatha kusiyanasiyana. M'madera ambiri mdziko muno, mbewu monga mphesa zimakula bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, mpesawo ndiwodzichepetsa panthaka, kusiyanako ndi mchere ndi madambo. Musanabzala mmera, dothi limakhala ndi chonde. Ndikokwanira kukhathamiritsa nthaka kamodzi pachaka. Posankha malo, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti nthawi yomwe mbewuyo imakhala pafupifupi zaka 25-30, chifukwa chake, kutalika kwa 1.5 m ndikofunikira kuchokera pamakoma a mpanda ndi nyumba.Nthawi yabwino yobzala nthawi yophukira, yomwe ndi Seputembara. Koma nthawi imatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera momwe nyengo ilili.
Kuti muchotse zokolola zamphesa nthawi zonse, muyenera kusankha mitundu yomwe ikulimbikitsidwa kuti ikule m'malo ena.
Dera la Krasnodar
Zanyengo zaku Krasnodar Territory zimawoneka ngati zabwino kwa mphesa, chifukwa chake mitundu yabwino kwambiri imabzalidwa m'derali. Kuchuluka kwa masiku ofunda pachaka, mvula yapakatikati ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa kumapanga maziko abwino obala zipatso m'minda yamphesa.
Kupanga mphesa kwakukulu kumayikidwa m'dera la Anapo-Taman. Mbewu zomwe adakolola zimagawidwa kumakampani ena kuti azikonza ndi misika kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mwatsopano. Nthawi yokolola imayamba kuyambira zaka khumi ndi zitatu za Julayi ndipo imatha mpaka pakati pa Okutobala.
M'dera la Krasnodar, mphesa zimabzalidwa poyera komanso pogwiritsa ntchito pogona.
Sizingatheke kutchula mitundu yonse yomwe imalimidwa m'dera la Krasnodar Territory, chifukwa minda yamphesa imadzaza ndi zatsopano za obereketsa. Mitundu yotsatirayi imadziwika kuti ndi yotchuka kwambiri:
Madeleine Angevin
Chomera cholimba chomwe chimayamba kucha msanga. Kukolola kumayamba pakati pa Ogasiti. Zokolola zimadalira mtundu wa kuyendetsa mungu, woyendetsa mungu wabwino kwambiri ndi Chasselas, chifukwa chake mbewu zonsezi zimabzalidwa pafupi. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa gulu kumafikira magalamu 180-200. Zipatsozo zimakhala ndi 15% shuga ndi 6.7% acid.
Pearl Saba
Zipatsozo zimapsa kumapeto kwa Julayi - koyambirira kwa Ogasiti. Zokolazo ndizokwera (zoposa 8 kg pa chitsamba), ana opeza amabala zipatso zochuluka. Mutabzala ziboda, chomeracho chimabala zipatso kwa zaka 2-3. Chiwerengero cha shuga (16%) ndi acidity (7.3%) chili pafupi ndi chizindikiritso choyenera. Ili ndi chitetezo champhamvu, chimakana matenda a mafangasi. Chifukwa chakuchepa kwa zinthu zodzala, kubzala ndi kumtengowo kumachitika.
Shasla woyera
Ndi imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakula msanga m'dera la Krasnodar. Chomeracho chimalowa mgawo la zipatso kumayambiriro (kale mchaka chachiwiri), chitsamba chimapangidwa ndi sing'anga kukula, chitetezo chokwanira ndicholimba, chomwe chitha kupezeka polimbana ndi matenda a fungal. Mabulosi amasiyanitsidwa ndi kukoma kwake (shuga 15%, asidi 6.7%) komanso mayendedwe abwino.
Chaush
Mitundu yakukhwima koyambirira, yomwe imapezeka m'chigawo chonse, koma pang'ono. Zokolola zakonzeka kukolola mzaka khumi khumi za Ogasiti. Pa tchire lalitali, masango akuluakulu amapangidwa, omwe kulemera kwake kumafika magalamu 420-500. Zokolola zimadalira mtundu wa kuyendetsa mungu, woyendetsa mungu wabwino kwambiri ndi Chasselas, chifukwa chake mbewu zonsezi zimabzalidwa pafupi. Zizindikiro za shuga - 14%, acidity - 6%.
Muscat waku Hungary
Chomeracho chimalowa mu gawo la zipatso mchaka chachitatu mutabzala mbande. Tchire la Muscat ndilopakati ndipo limakula bwino mipesa. Kukoma kwa uchi kwa zipatso kumawonetsa shuga wambiri (opitilira 20%), wokhala ndi asidi wochepa (6.5%). Gulu lalikulu la sing'anga limalemera mpaka magalamu 160-170. Amapangidwa kuti azidya zipatso zatsopano ndikupanga timadziti.
Senso
Chomeracho chimachokera ku France ndipo chimakhala ndi zokolola zambiri. Oposa 7 kg a zipatso amachotsedwa kuthengo. Mphesa zimafika pakacha theka lachiwiri la Seputembara. Zipatsozo ndizokulirapo, mtundu wakuda buluu wokhala ndi zokutira phula. Kukoma kumaphatikiza shuga (18.3%) ndi acidity (7%). Kuchuluka kwa gulu la sing'anga kukula ndi 232 magalamu.
Crimea
Palinso mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu yamphesa yomwe idakulira pachilumbachi. Mitundu yonse ya mitundu ili pafupi zana. Nyengo yabwino ndi chonde m'nthaka zimathandizira kukolola kwambiri. Kuperewera kwa mpweya kumalipidwa ndi makonzedwe a minda yamphesa yokhala ndi njira yothirira. Mukamabzala mbewu, gwiritsani ntchito chiwembu: 3x1.5 m. Minda yayikulu kwambiri ili mdera lamapiri (m'chigawo cha Bakhchisarai), steppe (pafupi ndi Simferopol), komanso mdera la Yalta, Alushta, Sudak.
Mwa awa obala zipatso, otsatirawa ndiwodziwika:
Agadai
Tebulo losiyanasiyana kuchokera ku Dagestan, limasiyanitsidwa ndi nthawi yakucha mochedwa. Kukolola kumayamba pasanafike pa 20 Seputembara. Chomeracho chimakula bwino panthaka yokhala ndi mchere wambiri. Kuphatikiza pa kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwatsopano, mbewuyo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomalongeza ndi kupanga timadziti.
Albiglio Crimea
Chomera chakucha pakati kuchokera ku Spain. Amakula chifukwa chopanga vinyo. Zokolola ndi 7-9 kg pa chitsamba. Mabulosiwa amakhala ndi 14% shuga, 6.7% acid.
Italy
Mphesa zazikulu, zosonkhanitsidwa m'magulu otayirira, kulemera kwake komwe kumafikira magalamu 450. Zipatso zamtundu wachikasu zimakhala ndi kukoma kosangalatsa ndi cholembera cha nutmeg.
Kadinala
Zipatsozo zimapsa kumapeto kwa Ogasiti. Mtengowo umakhala wosakhwima ndi mphesa zambiri, kulemera kwake ndi magalamu 250-350. Kukoma kwake kulibe shuga, ngakhale shuga wambiri amakhala osachepera 16-17%. Zimasiyana pakulimbana ndi matenda a fungal komanso mayendedwe abwino.
Citron Magaracha
Vinyo woyamba kucha. Mtundu wa kulawa ndi kuwonetsa zimapangitsa kuti mabulosiwa azidya komanso atsopano. Kulemera kwa burashi yama cylindrical kumafikira magalamu 400. Zakudya za shuga ndizokwera (23%) ndi acidity ya 5-7%.
Sabata
Chikhalidwe chimakula chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano komanso kupanga zinthu za vinyo. Zipatso zoyera zimapsa kumapeto kwa Seputembara - koyambirira kwa Okutobala. Magulu akulu amapachikidwa mpaka 280 gr. Ngakhale zitasungidwa m'firiji kwa miyezi 5, mphesa sizimataya chidwi ndi kugulitsa.
Dera la Astrakhan
Dera la Astrakhan ndi gawo lodalirika lolima mphesa. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi nyengo yotentha komanso kupezeka kwa mapiri a Baer. Kuyala kwakukulu kwa madzi apansi panthaka kumapereka mpata wambiri kuti zomera zizitha kupirira chisanu chozizira.
Chofunika ndichakuti tizilombo timasowa minda yamphesa.
Pazaka zonse zakulima kwa viticulture pamafakitale, mitundu yoposa 300 yayesedwa pamapiri a Bair. Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zidadziwika ndikulima mitundu yotsatirayi.
Codryanka (yoyera)
Chomeracho chimakula pakatikati ndikumakulira kwamasiku 130-140. Zipatso zamtundu wachikasu wobiriwira zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, kulemera kwake kumafika magalamu 10-12. Avereji burashi kulemera - 600-800 gr., koma palinso zimphona zolemera makilogalamu 1.2. Shrub imalekerera chisanu mpaka -23 °. Codryanka imagonjetsedwa ndi cinoni ndi imvi zowola.
Zosangalatsa
Kumayambiriro, ndi nyengo ya masiku 110-120. Zimasiyana pakulimbana ndi matenda a fungal ndi mildew. Kukana kwa chisanu (mpaka -25 °) kumakupatsani mwayi wopirira nyengo yozizira yobisika. Zokolola za Mphesa Zosangalatsa ndizoposa 9 kg pa chitsamba.
Kishmish Yonyezimira
Mphesa zapinki zapakati pakucha msanga (nyengo ya masamba masiku 115-125). Ubwino: kulawa kwakukulu, mtengo wamsika, moyo wautali wautali. Kulemera kwa masango apakatikati kumafika 250-450 magalamu. Zakudya za shuga - 17-21%, acidity - 6-7%.
Moskovsky
Chomeracho chimayamba kucha, chimakhala ndi kukoma kwachilendo, kodzazidwa ndi zonunkhira za nutmeg ndi chinanazi. Chikhalidwe chimagonjetsedwa ndi kutentha pang'ono, matenda a fungal. Gulu ndi laling'ono, kulemera kwake sikupitirira magalamu 150.
Chigawo cha Vologda
Zanyengo zachigawo chino sizingatchulidwe kuti ndizabwino, koma ngakhale kumeneko mutha kulima mphesa. Ogulitsa mafakitale amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yomwe imagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu. Kuphatikiza apo, amaphimbidwa ndi zinthu zapadera zozizira. Olima minda yabwinobwino azolowera kubzala cuttings m'nyumba zobiriwira. Mwa omwe adalimbikitsa gulu lapakati:
- Laura - mphesa zazikulu zobiriwira zimakhala ndi kukoma kosangalatsa, tchire limatha kupirira nthawi yozizira;
- Shunya - zipatso zazikulu zapinki zakuda zikakhwima kumapeto kwa Ogasiti, chomeracho chimagonjetsedwa ndi matenda;
- Nadezhda Aksayskaya - zipsa kumapeto kwa Ogasiti, mwa kulawa ndi mawonekedwe, mabulosiwo ndi ofanana ndi mitundu ya Arcadia;
- Victoria - masango akuluakulu okongola ndi zipatso zokoma, zokolola zambiri (osachepera 7 kg pa chitsamba);
- Zodabwitsa - zipse mkatikati mwa Ogasiti, zipatso zapakatikati ndizokoma kwambiri;
- Gala - zipatso zazikulu kwambiri, zopangidwa kukhala gulu lotayirira, zikuyesedwa m'derali;
- tcheri - chomera choyambirira kucha, zipatso zapinki zapinki zokhala ndi shuga wambiri.
Primorsky Krai
Nyengo yamderali siyilola kulima mitundu yamphesa iliyonse, chifukwa chake, mitundu yapadera yobereketsa yomwe imalimbana ndi chisanu imasankhidwa. Mwa zina m'nyengo yozizira tchire limakutidwa ndi zinthu zapadera zopewa kuzizira.
Adele
Yapangidwe kuti ikule mobisa. Unyinji wa burashi wapakatikati umafika magalamu 600. Zipatso zapakatikati, mtundu wakuda wabuluu. Chodziwika bwino cha kusiyanasiyana ndikosungidwa kwanthawi yayitali, mphesa zimasungabe chiwonetsero chawo mpaka tchuthi cha Chaka Chatsopano.
Kum'mawa kwa Novikov
Kukula kwachilengedwe konsekonse. Imapirira chisanu mpaka -28 °, koma imafuna pogona m'nyengo yozizira chifukwa cha nyengo ya Primorsky Territory. Mtengowo ndi waung'ono, wolemera mpaka 250 gr., Zipatsozo ndi zakuda buluu ndi kukoma kwachilendo, koma koyambirira.
Satellite
Chomeracho chikukula msanga ndi mphesa zobiriwira zachikasu zolemera zosakwana 8 magalamu. Ubwino wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndikulimbana ndi chisanu (-30 °), komabe, pogona pakufunika nyengo yachisanu. Zipatsozo zimakhala ndi 16% ya shuga ndi 7-9% acidity.
Pinki si chophimba
Magome oyambilira kukhwima osiyanasiyana. Zipatsozo ndizokoma kwambiri (shuga 20%), koma ndizochepa. Gulu lolemera - 150-200 gr. Mbewuyo siyitaya chiwonetsero chake kwanthawi yayitali, ngakhale pamtengo wamphesa. Pansi pazoyenera, imasungidwa mpaka tchuthi cha Chaka Chatsopano.
Dera la Rostov
Nyengo ya dera la Rostov ndiyeneranso kulima mitundu yabwino kwambiri yosankha mphesa. Pali kuwala kokwanira, kutentha ndi chinyezi pano. Komabe, kuti musankhe mtundu (wokutira osaphimba), muyenera kugawa magawo awiri, pamwamba ndi pansi pa Kamensk. Mitundu yosaphimba imalimbikitsidwa kubzala kumwera.
Sikuti aliyense amadziwa kuti vinyo amapangidwa m'derali, omwe amapikisana nawo ku zakumwa zaku France. Mitundu yotchuka imaphatikizapo:
- Valentine;
- Mdima wakuda;
- Mascot;
- Arcadia;
- Somerset Seedliss et al. Kusintha
Chaka chilichonse, eni munda wamphesa amayesa kukonzanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana, pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yamphesa yotsimikizika komanso zomwe zachitika posachedwa. Njira yatsopano ndikugwiritsira ntchito matekinoloje atsopano limakupatsani kuonjezera phindu la ntchito zaulimi, kubweretsa kukwaniritsa kwawo padziko lonse.