Kuyambira masika, alimi amakhala ndi ntchito yambiri yoti achite, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuyamba kwabwino kwatsopano. Kuti zipatsozo zigwirizane ndi mtundu wabwino komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana, nyambo zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzaza nthaka ndi zinthu zofunika kuzomera. Mmodzi mwa othandizira ndi ammonium sulphate. Nkhaniyi ikuwulula zinsinsi zonse zogwiritsa ntchito fetereza wapaderayu.
Kodi ammonium Sulfate ndi chiyani?
Chodziwika bwino cha nyambo ya mchere ndi zomwe zili zofunikira pakukula nyengo yamtundu uliwonse: sulfure ndi nayitrogeni. Chifukwa cha malo ake komanso chitetezo, mchere wa ammonium wakhala ukugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira nthawi ya Soviet m'mafakitole azakudya ndi nsalu kuphatikiza pamunda. Kutchuka, komwe sikunatayike mpaka pano, chifukwa cha zochitika zosiyanasiyana za malonda ndi mtengo wotsika mtengo. Feteleza alibe zotsutsana pakusankha kwa mbeu, chifukwa chake itha kutchedwa kuti yachilengedwe chonse. Nyengo imakhudzanso zowonjezera zowonjezera mchere.
M'malo mwake, ammonium sulphate ndi mankhwala (ammonium mchere wa sulfuric acid) yopangidwa ndi ogulitsa zoweta zochuluka kwambiri chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana azachuma. Ndi ufa wopanda fungo labwino wokhala ndi ma granules ofiira oyera, osamveka kambiri imvi. M'gawo laulimi, izi zimagawidwa ngati feteleza wa nitrogen. Zinthu zomwe zimaphatikizidwazo zimathandizira kukulira kwazomera ndikupanga zipatso zabwino kwambiri.
Pofuna kudyetsa mbewu ndi nayitrogeni, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyika feteleza mu mawonekedwe osungunuka. Mwa mawonekedwe awa, chinthucho sichimagwirizana ndi chilengedwe cha nthaka, chomwe chimapereka mlingo wambiri wazomwe zimayambira muzu. Njira youma yolemeretsa nthaka imakhala ndi nyengo yayitali, chifukwa chake imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pokonza mabedi mukamakumba nthaka.
Kodi ammonium sulphate ndi urea chimodzimodzi
Ammonium sulphate (NH4) 2SO4 (N21 S24) ndi urea (NH2) 2CO, (N46) ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, koma ali mgulu lomwelo la feteleza wa nayitrogeni. Mchere wa ammonium suli wotsika m'zinthu zake m'malo ambiri okhala ndi nayitrogeni, mwachitsanzo, mosiyana ndi carbamide, ili ndi sulfure. Chinthu china chosiyana ndi mtengo wotsika mtengo.
Zakudya zonse ziwiri ndizosungunuka m'madzi komanso zimayamwa bwino ndi zomera. Komabe, urea imapangitsa nthaka kukhala yoyipa kwambiri kuposa momwe zimakhalira ndi sulfure. Kuphatikizanso apo, sizothandiza pa nthaka yodzaza madzi ndi yozizira. Mchere wa ammonium umagwira ntchito mofananamo m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Katundu ndi maubwino pakugwiritsa ntchito
Nthawi zambiri pamabedi, chithunzi chimawonedwa pomwe masamba obiriwira amayamba kufota, masamba amasintha. Zizindikirozi zikuwonetsa kusowa kwa sulfure ndi nayitrogeni m'nthaka. Mu ammonium sulphate, michere imakhala yokwanira (24%, 21%), chifukwa chake, chithandizo choyamba ndikulemeretsa nthaka ndi feteleza amchere mu mawonekedwe owuma kapena osungunuka.
Ammonium sulphate silingalowe m'malo mwa zovuta zopatsa thanzi za mbewu zaulimi. Kuphatikiza pa zinthu zofunika: nayitrogeni ndi sulfa, zomera zimafunikiranso zinthu zina (potaziyamu, magnesium, chitsulo, ndi zina zambiri).
Malo amchere a ammonium:
- kumawonjezera chonde m'nthaka pokumba;
- imadzaza nthaka ndi michere, yomwe imalimbikitsa kukula kwa mphukira zazing'ono;
- zimathandiza pakupanga zipatso, mtundu wawo;
- Kugwiritsa ntchito limodzi ndi zinthu zina pa zovuta za umuna kumaloledwa.
Makhalidwe apamwamba a fetereza:
- Kukhathamira kwa kapangidwe kake ndi sulfure, komwe kumathandizira pakukula ndi kuchuluka kwa mbewu;
- kusungunuka mwachangu m'madzi, komwe kumapangitsa kudyetsa nthaka kuphatikiza ndi kuthirira;
- Kugwiritsa ntchito kosavuta komanso kosavuta (kumatha kuuma kapena kusungunuka m'madzi);
- Mtengo wotsika mtengo (mtengo umapikisana ndi zosakaniza zambiri za zakudya);
- Kuchita bwino kumadziwika patatha masiku ochepa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mchere wa ammonium m'nthaka;
- ma microelements ofunikira pazomera amakhalabe m'nthaka kwa nthawi yayitali, kukhalabe ndi chonde;
- Zodzoladzola ndizotetezeka mwamtheradi ku thanzi la anthu ndi nyama; mukamagwiritsa ntchito, mutha kuchita popanda zida zodzitetezera.
Chokhacho chokha chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndi otsika a nayitrogeni poyerekeza ndi ammonium nitrate. Mankhwalawa alibe zovuta zina zazikulu.
Ngakhale zabwino zake, ammonium sulphate akadali ndi zina. Zina mwazikuluzikulu: kutsatira mosamalitsa zosungira ndi kuchuluka kwa magwiritsidwe. Powonjezera ndalama panthaka, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kuchuluka kwa michere kumalepheretsa kukula kwa mphukira zazing'ono.
Kufunsira mbeu zosiyanasiyana
Pafupifupi, mchere wa ammonium umagwiritsidwa ntchito pamabedi mu 40 magalamu. pa 1 m2, koma zizindikilo zimatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera chikhalidwe chomwe mavalidwe amaminerali amagwiritsidwira ntchito.
Mbatata
Mulingo wogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawo pofukula mabediwo umasiyanasiyana magalamu 25 mpaka 40. pa 1 m2. Ngakhale kuphwanya pang'ono kwa mlingowo, ma nitrate samadziunjikira muzu za mbewu. Kulemeretsa munda ndi feteleza kumalimbikitsa kukula kwa mbewu zamasamba, sichimangokhala kuchuluka kwa mbewu, komanso mtundu wa ma tubers (kuchuluka kwa wowuma kumawonjezeka). Kulimbitsa chitetezo kumatchulidwanso, pambuyo pokonza chomeracho sichikhala ndi nkhanambo ndi kuvunda.
Nkhaka
Mbewu zoyambirira kucha, zomwe zimaphatikizapo nkhaka, zimafuna kudyetsa pafupipafupi kuti pakhale phokoso komanso kupanga zipatso. Ammonium sulphate ili ndi zinthu zofunika zomwe zimapangitsa kukula ndikuchulukitsa nthawi ya zipatso. Amabweretsa mawonekedwe amadzimadzi 2-3 nthawi iliyonse.
Izi ziyenera kuchitika patatha masiku 20 kumera, ndiye milungu iwiri iliyonse. Nthawi yabwino yothandizira pambuyo pothirira kapena mvula. Masiku 14 musanakolole, kugwiritsa ntchito mavalidwe aliwonse kuyimitsidwa.
Sitiroberi
Mchere wa ammonium umayambitsidwa m'nthaka panthawi yokumba nthaka mukamakonza mabedi oti mubzale. Mbande zikayamba kuzika, feteleza mumadzi amadzipaka pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse okwanira 1 litre pachomera chilichonse. Njira yothetsera vutoli (tbsp. L. Feteleza pa chidebe chamadzi) izikhala yopatsa thanzi kwambiri mukawonjezera kapu ya mullein.
Kabichi
Mukamalimbikitsa nthaka ndi feteleza, m'pofunika kuwona nthawi yokonza. Kupanda kutero, kubwezereranso kumayambitsa kukula kwachilengedwe kapena kuletsa kukula kwa masamba a kabichi. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi 30 g. Ndikofunika kuyika ufa mukakumba nthaka kapena sabata mutabzala mbande, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi okwanira.
Amadyera
Kwa mitundu yonse ya amadyera, ammonium sulphate amaonedwa kuti ndiwothandiza kwambiri pazakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, fetereza atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito munthawi zonse za nyengo yokula. Wothandizirayo amatha kulipirira msanga kusowa kwa zinthu zomwe zidatsata pambuyo pa kukolola koyamba, kotero kuti kubzala mobwerezabwereza kumakula chimodzimodzi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ufa panthawi yokumba - 20 gr. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito chopatsa mphamvu pakadutsa milungu ingapo musanakolole.
Zovulaza mbewu zamasamba
Palibe zotsatira zoyipa za ammonium sulphate pazomera zamasamba. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa zakumwa kungapitirire, zipatsozo sizimasonkhanitsa poizoni ndi zinthu zina zoyipa. M'malo mwake, ndiwo zamasamba zodyetsedwa ndimavalidwe otere zimasungabe mawonekedwe awo, juiciness, kulawa ndi mavitamini kwa nthawi yayitali. Pakusunga, mbewu zomwe zimakonzedwa sizingavunde.
Ammonium sulphate ndi mankhwala ofatsa, chifukwa sangathe kuvulaza anthu kapena zomera. Chifukwa cha ichi, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira mizu ndi masamba.
Mu ulimi wamaluwa, ammonium sulphate ndi chinthu chotchuka kwambiri, kapangidwe kake ndi koyenera pafupifupi mbewu zonse zomwe zakula pamalopo. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito munthawi yonseyi, koma zochulukirapo kuti zisakhumudwitse ena.