Mmodzi mwa omwe akuyimira mitundu ya Dutch ndi Vicoda sitiroberi. Nthawi yomweyo adadziwika chifukwa cha kukoma kwake, mawonekedwe osakhwima, kukongola kwachilengedwe ndi zomwe zili ndi michere. Tsatanetsatane wazosiyanasiyana izi zaperekedwa pansipa.
Kufotokozera za Vicoda ya sitiroberi ndi mawonekedwe
Vicoda ndi mitundu yabwino ya sitiroberi, chifukwa cha ntchito ya obereketsa ochokera ku Holland.
Mitunduyi imapanga shrub yolimba komanso yolimba ya sing'anga kutalika ndi mphukira yolimba, yakuda. Chomeracho chimakongoletsedwa ndi masamba akulu obiriwira obiriwira. Kuchokera pamwamba, pamwamba pake papepala limalumikizidwa pang'ono, lili ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono m'mphepete mwake. Ma petioles olimba omwe amakhala ndi malo ocheperako pang'ono. Masharubu sapatsa pang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kusamalira chomeracho.
Zipatso zazikuluzikulu zimakhala zofiira kwambiri. Kulemera kwapakati kwa zipatso kumakhala pakati pa 50-70 g... Kulemera kwa zipatso zoyamba kumakhala magalamu 120. Zamkati zosasunthika zolimba kwambiri, zilibe ma voids. Zipatso zimakhala ndi kukoma kokoma ndi kowawa kowala pang'ono zipatso zakumapeto komwe kumatikumbutsa yamatcheri.
Vicoda ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya sitiroberi. Kutuluka nthawi - m'ma Julayi. Mbewu yamtunduwu imalola kukolola pomwe mitundu yake yambiri idasiya kubala zipatso.
Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana
- zipatso zoyamba ndi zazikulu, nthawi zambiri yopangidwa ndi zisa, imatha kukhala iwiri, ndipo pambuyo pake - mawonekedwe oyenera;
- sepals amalekanitsidwa mosavuta ndi zipatsozomwe sizimakhudza zokolola nthawi yosungira ndi mayendedwe;
- mawonekedwe akuda koyera kunsonga kwa chipatso kumatsimikizira kupsa kwake;
- ndi imodzi mwa nyengo yozizira-yolimba mitundu kusankha kwachilendo.
Ubwino ndi zovuta
Ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana, chifukwa umayenera kukhala nawo m'munda:
- mkulu zizindikiro zokolola, kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi mutha kusonkhanitsa mpaka 1 kg ya zipatso zokoma ndi zowutsa mudyo;
- zipatso zazikulu ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri;
- zipatso kulekerera mwangwiro mayendedwe ndipo musataye chiwonetsero chawo;
- nyengo yozizira hardiness monga kuwonongeka kwa nyengo yozizira yovuta;
- zabwino kwambiri kulimbitsa thupi nyengo iliyonse;
- chabwino kukana matenda osiyanasiyana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
- zipatso zogwiritsiridwa ntchito konsekonse, itha kudyedwa yaiwisi, yachisanu ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonzekera nyengo yozizira.
Ndi zabwino zonse zambiri, sitiroberi Vicoda ili ndi zovuta zochepa.:
- nyengo yotentha Kuchuluka kwa mabulosi kumatha kuchepa;
- tchire amafunika khalani patali patali wina ndi mnzake, yomwe siyabwino kwenikweni pazinthu zazing'ono zapakhomo.
Njira za agrotechnical zokulitsa zipatso za mabulosi
Magawo akulu omwe adzaonetse kuti fruiting ya strawberries ndi kuwateteza ku matenda.
Kusankha malo pobzala ndikukonzekera nthaka
Mabedi omwe ali m'malo owala komanso otetezedwa ku mphepo zamphamvu adzakhala ndi zokolola zambiri.
Strawberries amakonda loam, nthaka yakuda ndi dothi la imvi, makamaka iwo amakonda nthaka yadongo. Madzi apansi pansi sayenera kuyandikira kuposa 60-80 cm. Index ya acidity ndiyabwino kwambiri pamtundu wa pH 2.7-6.2... Mbewu, anyezi, adyo, marigolds, petunia amawerengedwa ngati omwe adatsogola. Mutha kulima strawberries m'malo amodzi kwa zaka 3-4.
Musanadzalemo, muyenera kuwononga namsongole pamalopo... Onjezerani feteleza ndi kukumba. Ndikofunika kukonzekera nthaka yobzala masika kumapeto. Kwa kubzala chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira, ntchito yofunikira iyenera kuchitidwa mwezi umodzi musanabzala, kuti dziko lapansi likhale ndi nthawi yomira, apo ayi mizu ya mbandeyo imatha kubala, zomwe zingasokoneze kukula kwa chomeracho.
Kusankha mbande zabwino
Zokolola makamaka zimadalira mtundu wa zomwe mukubzala. Mbande za mitunduyi zimayenera kukhala ndi zomera zolimba, zathanzi komanso:
- muzu kolala kuposa 6mm m'mimba mwake;
- mizu yoluka, poyenda mizu yoposa 7cm;
- Masamba 3-5 ndi impso yonse ya apical.
Sungani mbandezo pamalo ozizira kwa masiku awiri musanabzale. Izi ziwonjezera kukana pazinthu zakunja. Mizu imatha kufupikitsidwa ndi masentimita asanu kuti ipangitse mizu yotsatira ndi kuteteza chomeracho ku tizirombo.
Magawo a kubzala
Mbande ziyenera kubzalidwa kumayambiriro kwa masika kapena kumapeto kwa Ogasiti - koyambirira kwa Seputembara... Kubzala masika kumachitika bwino pamene matalala asungunuka ndipo nthaka itentha. Ndikofunika kuti musachedwe kubzala m'dzinja, popeza mbande sizikhala ndi nthawi yoti zizika mizu ndipo zifa ndi chisanu.
Sankhani tsiku lamitambo lodzala. M'nyengo yotentha, mbande zimayenera kusungidwa mthunzi kwa milungu iwiri mutabzala.
- M'dimba pangani mabowoKusunga mtunda pakati pawo masentimita 40, komanso pakati pa mizere 50-60 cm, chifukwa chodzala mwamphamvu mbewu zimasowa kuwala ndi michere.
- Thirani madzi m'maenje okumbidwa ndikuyamba kubzala kuyika momasuka mizu yazomera, osazipindika ndikuziphimba ndi nthaka, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mbande zizike msanga. Ndikofunikira kuti kolala ya mizu, pomwe kukula ikupezeka, ili padziko lapansi.
- Nthaka yaying'ono bwino ndikuthira pang'ono.
- Mulching ndi humuskupewa kutumphuka pansi.
Strawberries amayamba kubala zipatso chaka chamawa mutabzala. Anabzala mbande mu Ogasiti amakhala ndi nthawi yoyala maluwa mpaka nthawi yophukira.
Njira zingapo zothandizira
Kuti mutenge zipatso zokoma komanso zowutsa mudyo, muyenera kusamalira strawberries. Chisamaliro chimaphatikizapo zinthu zotsatirazi:
Kuthirira ndi kukulitsa nthaka
Mukamakula sitiroberi, konzani njira yabwino yothirira. M'chaka, sungani nthaka masiku asanu ndi awiri... Pa nthawi yamaluwa ndi zipatso, thirirani chomeracho katatu pamlungu pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ofunda. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yothirira nthawi yophukira nthawi 2 nyengo yozizira isanayambike.
Mulching iyenera kuchitika nthawi yokulapogwiritsa ntchito udzu kapena filimu. Izi zimapangitsa dothi kukhala lonyowa komanso kupewa kuphwanya.
Kulamulira namsongole
Pofuna kuti musadzaze nthaka ndi mankhwala, potero muwonetsetsa kuti zipatsozo ndi zoyera muyenera kulimbana ndi namsongole m'munda, pochita kupalira kwanthawi zonse, komwe kuyenera kuchitidwa pakufunika.
Mawu oyamba
Pakukolola kochulukirapo komanso kwapamwamba kwambiri, kudyetsa munthawi yake ndi zinthu zakuthupi ndi michere yama michere yokhala ndi zinthu zofunikira ndizovuta. Ndibwino kuti feteleza kumapeto kwa tchire, pamene tchire likukula, kupeza mphamvu ndikupanga zipatso.
Kukonzekera nyengo yozizira
Kugwa, muyenera kuyang'ana momwe mizu ilili. Ngati ili pamtunda, ndiye kuti mufunika kuwaza ndi nthaka. Komanso tulutsani tchire ku masamba akale ndi owuma. Kuti musunge ma strawberries m'nyengo yozizira, mutha kuwaza utuchi kapena udzu... Pofika masika, kutchinjiriza kumeneku kuyenera kuchotsedwa. Kuti mukhale ndi nyengo yozizira bwino mu Novembala, tsekani nthambizo ndi nthambi za spruce.
Njira zoberekera
Zina mwa njira zoberekera strawberries zimasiyanitsidwa: masharubu, kugawa tchire ndi mbewu.
Masharubu
Njira yotchuka kwambiri yopezera kubzala ikukula kuchokera pa mphukira za masamba - ndevu. Mitunduyi imapanga ma rosettes ochepa, chifukwa chake chotsani pang'ono ma peduncleskuwongolera mphamvu za mbewuyo kuti ziberekane.
Panthawi yobereka zipatso, ikani zitsanzo za mabulosi ambiri... Mukatha kukolola, yongolani masharubu omwe ma rosettes apanga, ndikudina pang'ono rosette pansi ndikuwaza ndi dziko lapansi kuti mitima ikhale yomasuka. Chakumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena Seputembara, pitani tchire latsopano ndi mizu yotukuka pamalo okhazikika.
Pogawa chitsamba
Njira yogawa tchire imagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi. Koma ndiyothandiza komanso ndiyofunika kuyipeza. Za ichi Ndikofunika kufotokoza tchire labwino komanso lamphamvu lomwe lili ndi nsonga zingapo ndi rosette... Kukumba zitsanzo zosankhidwa. Mosamala muzilekanitsa zokhazikazo. Kupatukana kolondola kumatsimikizira mbewu zonse zomwe zimatha kubala zipatso mchaka choyamba.
Bzalani tchire latsopano m'mabowo okonzeka kubzala kuti mizu ya mbewuyo iphimbidwe kwathunthu, apo ayi idzauma msanga. Ndiye ndibwino kuthirira.
Mutha kusiyanitsa malo ogulitsirako tchire lalikulu ndikuyika malo enakomwe idzakule ndikukula yokha.
Mbewu
Kufalitsa mbewu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza mitundu yatsopano. Pankhani ya Vicoda zosiyanasiyana, kufalitsa pogwiritsa ntchito mbewu sikofunika.chifukwa katundu wa mayi chomera sangasamutsidwe mosasintha. Pali mwayi wopeza tchire lomwe lingakhale ndi zipatso zazing'ono komanso zopanda pake.
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Pazifukwa zodzitetezera, chikhalidwechi chimayenera kuwunikiridwa pafupipafupi ngati ali ndi tiziromboti, matenda, ndipo ngati atapezeka, njira zoyenera ziyenera kuchitidwa mwachangu. Zambiri zamatenda ndi tizirombo tawonetsedwa patebulo zithandizira kuzindikira mavuto ndikuwathetsa mwachangu..
MATENDA AAKULU | |||
---|---|---|---|
dzina | chikwangwani | kupewa | njira zowongolera |
Kuvunda imvi | Kukhalapo kwa mawanga abulauni pa zipatso ndi masamba okhala ndi chimfine chofewa | Chotsani masamba owuma ndi udzu, timipata ta mulch popanga zipatso, pogwiritsa ntchito udzu, utuchi, singano, mungu wambiri tchire lonyowa ndi nthaka ndi phulusa lamtengo | Sungani ndikuwononga zipatso zomwe zawonongeka, zithandizireni kukonzekera fungicidal motsutsana ndi zotupa za matenda a fungal |
Powdery mildew | Maonekedwe a pachimake choyera pagawo lobiriwira la chitsamba, lomwe limakhala lachikopa ndipo limatenga utoto wamkuwa | Osabzala tchire kwambiri udzu nthawi pakati pa mizere ya mabulosi, panthawi yake yoonda ndikubzala tchire la zomera | Ngati muli ndi matenda opatsirana kwambiri, perekani ndi fungicides yotakata |
MBEWU ZOOPSA | |||
Nematode | Kukula pang'ono, mitsempha yolimba yamasamba, kufota masamba a apical | Musalole kuti mabedi akule, mizere yopyapyala pafupipafupi, konzani chisamaliro choyenera, Bzalani pafupi ndi sitiroberi, pitani mbewu zomwe zimatulutsa fungicide (marigolds, calendula), sintha malowa pofika kamodzi zaka zinayi | Chitani ndi mankhwala amphamvu |
Strawberry mite | Amadyetsa masamba achichepere, pomwe amasanduka achikaso ndi opunduka | Utsi ntchito mankhwala ndi ntchito wowerengeka azitsamba |
Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowongolera kwathunthu ndi chisamaliro choyenera Pambuyo pa zokolola, mutha kuteteza matenda ndi tizilombo toononga m'mabedi a sitiroberi.
Mwa mitundu yambiri ya strawberries, Vicoda imayenera kusamalidwa mwapadera, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake abwino komanso mankhwala. Kulima ndi kuswana mitundu iyi m'munda si ntchito yovuta chonchi., monga momwe zingawoneke poyang'ana koyamba. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuwona njira zonse za agrotechnical zokula ndi malingaliro othandizira kuti musangalale ndi mabulosi okoma komanso athanzi.