Mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundumitundu yamaluwa akuluakulu, pali yomwe ingatchulidwe kuti megaparte. Monga lamulo, izi ndi mbewu za mtundu wa remontant wa fruiting, ngakhale pali zosiyana. Ambiri aiwo akhala "akugunda" m'minda yaku Russia. Mwachitsanzo, mndandanda wa Wim, wopangidwa ndi kampani yaku Dutch Vissers Aardbeiplanten... Mzerewu uli ndi mitundu inayi yama strawberries m'munda: Rina, Xima, Tanda ndi Zanta.
Za Wim mndandanda - mwachidule
Vissers ndi kampani yakale komanso yodziwika bwino yoswana yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito kuswana sitiroberi kuyambira 1961. Minda "Vissers" ili kumwera chakumwera kwa Netherlands, komwe nthaka yake ndi yamchenga komanso yopepuka, pali kuunika kambiri ndi zopindulitsa zina zachilengedwe zomwe strawberries amakonda kwambiri.
Mitundu yamndandanda wa Wima, ngakhale idaphatikizidwa kukhala mzere umodzi, ndiyosiyana. Achibale okha ndi Tarda ndi Zanta. Zomwe zimafala kwambiri ndi zipatso zambiri. Ngati kawirikawiri zipatso zam'munda wa strawberries zimakhala mkati mwa 30 gndiye mu mitundu Vima, chizindikiro ichi chimafika 40-60 g, ndipo nthawi zina mpaka 100 g.
Pa tsamba lovomerezeka la kampani ya Vissers, mitundu ya mndandanda wa Wima imagawidwa ndi nthawi yazipatso motere:
Vima Zanta | Zosiyanasiyana zamasiku ochepa | Kutha kwa Meyi - kumapeto kwa Juni |
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Vima Xima | Zosiyanasiyana zamasiku ochepa | Kumayambiriro kwa Juni - koyambirira kwa Julayi |
Vima Tarda | Zosiyanasiyana zamasiku ochepa | Kumayambiriro kwa Juni - koyambirira kwa Julayi |
Vima Rina | Zosiyanasiyana za tsiku losalowerera | July - koyambirira kwa Novembala |
Kufotokozera kumafunikira apa. Ku Russia, ndichikhalidwe kusiyanitsa malingaliro a "tsiku losalowerera ndale" (kapena "photoneutral") ndi "remontant". Kuyimiranso pakumvetsetsa kwasayansi yakunyumba ndikutha kuberekanso zipatso. Zomera zotere zimapereka mafunde 2-4 a zipatso nthawi iliyonse. Mitundu ya Photoneutral - awa ndi omwe mumakhala maluwa mosalekeza. Ma strawberries oterewa amabala zipatso nyengo yonse popanda zosokoneza.
Ku Europe, komabe, mawu oti "mitundu yopanda mbali tsiku lililonse" amaphatikiza kuphatikiza mphamvu zakuwononga ndi kupatsa mphamvu. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zina pamakhala chisokonezo potanthauzira. Izi zidachitika ndi ma strawberries a Wim Rin. M'mafotokozedwe ambiri amatchedwa remontant. koma malinga ndi ndemanga za wamaluwa, alibe mafunde ngati mafunde... Ili ndiye tsiku losalowerera ndale.
Vima Rina
Mitundu ya Rina idapezeka mwangozi, mwa kuyika mungu mwaulere kwa sitiroberi yodziwika bwino komanso yolonjeza kwambiri
Chitsamba | Ndi masamba obiriwira, ofalikira pang'ono, okhala ndi masamba amitengo yayitali kwambiri yobiriwira. Kutha kupanga ndevu ndikotsika. |
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Maluwa | Choyera, chamkati mwake, ma peduncles - amatuluka ndi masamba. |
Zipatso | Yaikulu (45 g), yozungulira ndi khosi lotchulidwa, lofiira, lowala. Kukoma kwake ndikwabwino, kulawa kwake ndi 4.8. Kusasinthasintha kwa zamkati ndizolimba, zofewa. Fungo labwino. |
Zotuluka | Pafupifupi 800 g kuchokera ku 1 bush. |
Zima hardiness | Pamwamba |
Kulekerera chilala | Avereji |
Kuyendetsa | Zabwino |
Ntchito zosiyanasiyana | Zachilengedwe |
Mwa njira iyi, Ubwino wa Vima Rina zosiyanasiyana ndi monga zokolola zambiri, zipatso zazikulu, zotheka komanso zolimba m'nyengo yozizira.
Kutha kochepa kwa sitiroberi kutaya masharubu kumatha kutanthauziridwa m'njira ziwiri. Kumbali imodzi, zimapangitsa kukonza kosavuta. Kumbali inayi, imasokoneza kuswana kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Vima Zanta
Zanta ali ndi banja lachifumu. Amapezeka podutsa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya Korona ndi Elsanta.
Chitsamba | Amphamvu, kufalikira pang'ono. Mbale zamasamba ndizopindika mkati. Amaponya masharubu ambiri. |
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Maluwa | Oyera oyera. Ma pubuncent peduncles amapezeka pakuwonongeka kwa masamba, zipatso zikadzazidwa, zimatsika. |
Zipatso | Mawerengedwe okwezeka kwambiri: owutsa mudyo, apakati, okhala ndi malingaliro a caramel ndi sitiroberi, wokhala ndi fungo labwino. Chokani mosavuta kuchokera pa sepal, khalani ndi zibowo mkati. Mawonekedwe a chipatso nthawi zambiri amakhala ozungulira, osalala, koma amatha kusiyanasiyana pamitundu yosonkhanitsira. Mtunduwo ndi wofiira, wopanda gloss. |
Zotuluka | 600-800 g kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi |
Zima hardiness | Avereji |
Kulekerera chilala | Zabwino |
Chitetezo | Kuti verticilliasis, fusarium, imvi zowola. Angakhudzidwe ndi powdery mildew. |
Kuyendetsa | Avereji |
Ntchito zosiyanasiyana | Kuti mugwiritse ntchito mwatsopano, kusamalira, kuzizira. |
Mwachidule deta, Makhalidwe abwino a strawberries a Wim Zant ndi abwino kwambiri, zokolola zambiri, kusavuta kubereka, kulimbana ndi chilala komanso chitetezo cha matenda opatsirana ndi mafangasi.
Vima Tarda
Tarda ndi "mwana wamkazi" wa ma strawberries a Wim Zant, omwe adawonekera powoloka ndi "Dutchman" wina wolimba - Vicoda zosiyanasiyana.
Chitsamba | Amphamvu, okhala ndi chida champhamvu. Mbale za masamba ndizobiriwira mdima, zonyezimira. Amapanga masharubu pang'ono. |
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Maluwa | Choyera, chamkati, chokhala ndi mapesi amaluwa pamunsi pamasamba ndikutsika pang'ono. |
Zipatso | Wokongola kwambiri, wamkulu, wopanda zibowo, ofiyira mdima, wonyezimira, wokhala ndi nsonga yozungulira. Kukoma ndi kosangalatsa, ndi fungo losakhwima. Zamkati ndi zolimba, zofiira kwambiri. |
Zotuluka | 600 g kuchokera 1 chitsamba |
Zima hardiness | Pamwamba |
Kulekerera chilala | Avereji |
Chitetezo | Wamtali |
Kuyendetsa | Zabwino kwambiri |
Cholinga cha zipatso | Kukonzekera, kuteteza, kuzizira |
Mwa njira iyi, zabwino zazikulu za Vima Tarda zosiyanasiyana - lalikulu-fruited, kukana nyengo ndi matenda, kutengeka kwabwino.
Strawberries wokhala ndi masamba obisala amasungidwa bwino ndipo amalekerera mayendedwe, koma ndi ocheperako chifukwa cha mitundu yabwino yamchere.
Vima Xima
Sitiroberi yotchedwa "mongrel" kwambiri pamndandanda, yomwe yakwanitsa kupitilira "namesake" atatu. Amapezeka posankha mbande zosasinthika.
Chitsamba | Wandiweyani, wamphamvu, wokhala ndi mbale zakuda zobiriwira zobiriwira. Mapangidwe ndi otsika. |
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Maluwa | White, peduncles amachitika pamwamba pa masamba, wandiweyani. |
Zipatso | Yaikulu kwambiri, yolemera 60 g ndi zina. Mawonekedwewo ndi ozungulira kapena owoneka ngati zisa, utotowo ndi wofiira kwambiri. Zamkati ndi zowutsa mudyo, zotsekemera, zofewa, koma sizimayenda. Fungo labwino. |
Zotuluka | 700-800 g kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi |
Zima hardiness | Zabwino |
Kulekerera chilala | Zabwino |
Chitetezo | Pamwamba kwa pafupifupi matenda onse a fungal. M'nyengo yamvula yotentha, imatha kukhudzidwa ndi kuvunda imvi. |
Kuyendetsa | Avereji |
Cholinga cha zipatso | Zachilengedwe |
Malinga ndi kuyankha kwamaluwa ambiri, mtundu wa Xima ndiye wabwino kwambiri pamzere wa Wim. Kukula kwa zipatso, makamaka zisankho zoyambirira, kudabwitsa malingaliro, ndipo kukoma kwake sikungayamikiridwe... Kukana kwabwino kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana kumapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kusintha kuti ikule m'malo ambiri aku Russia.
Kusamalira mitundu ya zipatso zazitali
Kutalika kwa sitiroberi kumabala zipatso ndipo kukula kwa zipatsozo kumawonjezera chakudya chochuluka. Mitundu yokonzedwa ndi ya photoneutral ilibe mvula yokwanira yam'mlengalenga, zida zanthaka ndi mphamvu zawo zopitilira kutulutsa zokolola mosalekeza. choncho mukamakula ma strawberries, kuthirira ndi feteleza kumabwera patsogolo.
Kudyetsa kwambiri amafunika nthawi yonse yokula, kuphatikiza maluwa, kukhazikitsa ndikutsanulira zipatso, kucha ndi kusiya mbewu kuti ipume. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma NPK pamwezi pamwezi, komanso magnesium, calcium, boron, iron ndi manganese kumafunika. Inde, kugwiritsira ntchito kwambiri feteleza kwa mchere kumakhala ndi zovuta. Pofunafuna zokolola, mutha "kupha" nthaka pamalowo mzaka zochepa.
Zikatero, matekinoloje amakono amatha kuthandiza - feteleza ndi zochita zazitali. Mwachitsanzo, KUPEMBEDZA... Chidule ichi chimayimira Makinawa chakudya osmosis mpope... Uwu ndi feteleza wathunthu, womwe umapezeka mkati mwa mipira yofewa. Mpira umodzi umayikidwa m'manda pansi pa chitsamba cha sitiroberi, ndipo feteleza amatulutsidwa moyenerera nyengo yonseyo.
Njira yolondola kwambiri yothirira imapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyipa. Pofuna kulima bwino strawberries ndi mtundu wautali wa fruiting, kukhazikitsa dongosolo koteroko ndikofunikira.
Tizilombo ta Wim sitiroberi
Mitundu ya sitiroberi ya Wima, monga ena onse, itha kuwonongedwa ndi tizirombo.
Strawberry mite
Akazi a tizilombo timene timapanga timatumba tating'ono, osafutukula masamba. Chongani madera akuyamwa selo kuyamwa, masamba azipiringa, zipatso bwino omangidwa ndi kukhala ang'onoang'ono.
Kulimbana ndi nthata za sitiroberi Kumayambiriro kwa masika, masamba akayamba kuwululidwa, amathandizidwa ndi Karbofos, ndipo asanayambe maluwa - ndi Neoron.
Strawberry nematode
Ndi nyongolotsi yomwe imakhala mumizu yazomera. Chomeracho chimaponderezedwa kwambiri, chimafooka, chimalemala ndipo chimamwalira posachedwa... Ma Nematode amachulukitsa mwachangu kwambiri, chifukwa chake mukawona chitsamba chodwala pamalopo, muyenera kuchikumba ndi kuchiwotcha nthawi yomweyo.
Palibe mankhwala enieni a nematode, koma kupewa mutha kubzala marigolds mozungulira mabedi a sitiroberi.
Weevils (njovu)
Akazi a tizilombo timayika mazira m'masamba a sitiroberi, ndipo mphutsi zoswedwa zimawadya kuchokera mkati. Chifukwa chake, munda ukamenyedwa ndi weevil, mutha kutaya mbewuyo kale maluwa.
Njira yothetsera Fitoverm, yomwe imafunika kusamalira mbewu m'mphukira komanso nthawi yamaluwa, imathandizira njovu. Malinga ndi zomwe alimi adaziwona, akuwopseza modabwitsa mapanga a pyrethrum - daisy daisy, wobzalidwa pa strawberries.
Aphid
Chowopsa china choyamwa komanso chonyamula matenda opatsirana. Nsabwe za m'masamba zitha kugonjetsedwa ndi njira yomweyo ya Fitoverm kapena mankhwala owerengeka... Mwachitsanzo, yankho la phulusa ndi sopo. Kabati chidutswa cha nyumba, kapena phula labwino, sopo, sakanizani ndi kapu yamtengo phulusa ndikusungunuka mu 3 malita a madzi. Zitsamba zonse za sitiroberi zimatsukidwa bwino ndimomwe zimapangidwira.
Ndemanga za mitundu ya Wima strawberries
Anna: Ndikudziwa Rina ndi Tanda bwino, akhala akukula patsamba langa kwazaka 5. Kutentha chilimwe chatha, Tanda adaphika, koma Rina adapulumuka ndipo adabala zipatso mpaka pakati pa Okutobala. Zipatso zobiriwira zobiriwira zakucha m'masiku awiri.
Victoria: anabzala Gigantella, Chamora Tarusi ndi Vima Ksima kuchokera ku strawberries wobala zipatso zazikulu chaka chimodzi. Omaliza okhawo sanakhumudwitse. Mwa zimphona zonse - zaposachedwa, koma zokoma kwambiri.
Sergei: Rina, Zantu ndi Tardu adabzalidwa m'minda ku Republic of Mari El. M'dera lathu, timayenera kuwasiya. Sanakhwime bwino, sanapeze shuga, ndipo anali ndi mungu wochepa. Mwina kumadera ena ali ndi luso lotha kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe angathe.
Valentina: Vima Zanta ndi mtundu wokoma kwambiri! M'zaka ziwiri zoyambirira mutabzala, mabulosiwo anali akulu kwambiri, koma kenako adaphwanyidwa, zokololazo zidachepa. Pepani, koma tinayenera kuchotsedwa.
Nikolay: Zanta ndi godendend yanyumba. Kukoma kwake kwatsopano komanso kosinthidwa ndibwino kwambiri! Kulimbana ndi imvi nkhungu ndi matenda a mizu. Koma siyabwino kwenikweni kulima mafakitale, imachotsedwa popanda ma sepals, siyiyenda bwino.
Michael: Vima Xima ndipamwamba kwambiri! Tchire ndi lamphamvu, zipatsozo ndizokongola, zokoma, osati zokhotakhota, zotsekemera. Makope ena adajambulidwa ndikuseka: osati ma strawberries, koma maapulo a sitiroberi! Unyinji wafika 100-120 magalamu. Chimphona chenicheni.
Mapeto
Mitundu yazipatso zazikulu za zipatso za m'munda wa Vima sizoyenera kwa nzika zam'chilimwe zomwe zimayendera malowa ndi "kuwukira" kosowa. Amafuna chisamaliro chachikulu ndi chisamaliro.... Nthawi zina amakhala "opanda chidwi", osasinthasintha mikhalidwe yakomweko. Koma ngati mutha kupanga zibwenzi nawo, mitundu ya Vima imalipirira zoyesayesa zonse ndi zokolola zochuluka za zipatso zabwino.