Mitundu yotereyi imadziwika kuti ndi yololera kwambiri komanso yosavuta kukula. Amaluwa amayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa pulasitiki, komwe kumapangitsa kuti zizitha kusintha mosavuta zovuta zilizonse zachilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, khungu lolimba la Swallow zosiyanasiyana limakupatsani mwayi wosunga mbewu kwa nthawi yayitali... Kupsa mwamtendere kumapereka zokolola za nthawi imodzi, zomwe ndizokwanira pazakudya zomwe mumakonzekera ndikusunga. Muwunikowu, mutha kudziwa bwino kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a tsabola wosiyanasiyana.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a tsabola wokoma Swallow
Chomeracho chimasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yofalikira, ukufika kutalika kwa masentimita makumi asanu ndi limodzi, imafuna kumangirira. Zosiyanasiyana ndi mkatikati mwa nyengo; nthawi yokolola isanakwane ndi miyezi inayi. Zokolazo ndizokwera, zikufika ma kilogalamu asanu pa mita mita imodzi.
Makhalidwe abwino ndi awa:
- makoma akudakufika mamilimita asanu mpaka asanu ndi awiri;
- conical, angapo mawonekedwe chowulungika;
- Mtundu wofiira tsabola wokwanira kwathunthu;
- kulemera kwapakati - kuchokera magalamu makumi asanu ndi limodzi;
- kutalika imafika masentimita khumi.
Mitunduyi imakhala ndi dzina lachilendo kwa akatswiri osankhidwa aku Soviet, omwe mwina adazipanga mu 1976. Tsabola amakula mosavuta m'nthaka yopanda chitetezo komanso m'malo otentha, amalimbana ndi matenda a bakiteriya bwino.
Ubwino ndi zovuta zamitundu yosiyanasiyana
Kumeza, monga mitundu ina, ili ndi michere yambiri yomwe imakhudza thupi la munthu. Tsabola amalimbitsa chitetezo chamthupikuchepetsa chiopsezo ku matenda opuma.
Zinthu zopindulitsa zomwe zimapatsa tsabola mtengo ndi kusasinthasintha patebulo la chakudya ndi gulu la mavitamini, ma antioxidants, alkaloid, ndi capsaicin. Kuphatikiza pa zomwe zatchulidwazi, tsabola amakhala ndi ascorbic acid wambiri ndi carotene, yothandiza kwambiri kapamba komanso kuteteza magazi kuthamanga. Masamba amathandiza kuteteza magazi kuundana, kumakulitsa njala ndi khungu... Amakhulupirira kuti tsabola m'modzi amakhala ndi vitamini C wambiri momwe wamkulu amafunikira izi tsiku lililonse.
Ngakhale masamba ali ndi zotsekemera, odwala matenda ashuga amatha kudya mosamala. Palibe sucrose mu Swallow, koma pali carbohydrate ina - fructose. Kupezeka kwa vitamini A kumathandizira kukonza mkhalidwe wa tsitsi ndi khungu. Mavitamini ena amathandizanso kupewa kukalamba msanga komanso khansa.
Komabe, palinso zoyipa.
Anthu omwe akudwala matenda amischemic, kusokonezeka kwamitima ya mtima, acidity, zotupa, impso ndi matenda a chiwindi ayenera kusamala akamadya tsabola. Zomwe zimachitika zitha kusakanikirana.
Kudzala mbewu
Njira zokulira ndikusamalira tsabola sizovuta kwenikweni. Mbewu za zosiyanasiyana zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kumera kwabwino., kuti muthe kubzala masamba, mutha kutenga mbeu nokha kapena kuigula m'sitolo yapadera. Musanabzala, m'pofunika kuyang'ana nyembazo, sankhani zabwino kwambiri, perekani mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zilowerereni pokonzekera zitsamba, zimere pamalo otentha, ndikuzifalitsa pa gauze wothira. Monga lamulo, njira yakumera mbewu imayamba kumapeto kwa Okutobala.
Nthaka yodzala mbewu iyenera kuchotsedwa namsongolekumasulidwa bwino. Pambuyo polemba, mabowo amakumbidwa, omwe theka lake limadzazidwa ndi nthaka yazakudya.
Kukula kwa mbande
Pachifukwa ichi, zotengera zosiyanasiyana ndizoyenera, zokulirapo. Ndibwino kuti muziwotchera kale kuti muchepetse matenda.... Zotengera zimakutidwa ndi nthaka, pomwe mbewu zimayalidwa pakadutsa sentimita imodzi ndi theka. Zinthu zobzala zimakonkhedwa ndi dothi losanjikiza sentimita, zotengera zimayikidwa pamalo otentha. Windo lazenera lokhala ndi kuyatsa kokwanira ndilabwino kwambiri.
Nthaka sayenera kuuma. Kuthirira kumayenera kuchitidwa mosamala kuti musatsuke nyembazo pansi. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chopopera dzanja.
Mbewu zimayamba kumera tsiku lachinayi. Pakadali pano, mutha kutsitsa pang'ono kutentha kuti ziphukazo zisatambasulidwe kwambiri.
Pamene amakula, tsabola amayenera kusunthidwa kuti apatule miphika kuti mbewuzo zisamezane. Njira yoyamba yodyetsera imachitika masamba atatu kapena anayi akapangidwa. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe okonzeka kapena kusonkhezera madzi okwana malita 15 g wa potaziyamu, 25 g wa urea, 60 g wa superphosphate.
Kuika panja
Izi zitha kuchitika mu Juni. Chomeracho chimayikidwa mu dzenje kuti gawo la mizu likhale pamwamba pamunda... Mizu imayendetsedwa, dzenje limakutidwa ndi nthaka. Ndikofunika kuthirira mbande ndikuyika zikhomo zothandizira.
Mbali yofunikira ndikusunga kasinthasintha wa mbewu. Ndibwino ngati omwe adalipo tsabolawo anali kaloti, anyezi, dzungu kapena nkhaka. Simuyenera kubzala chikhalidwe m'malo omwe tomato, mbatata, ndi biringanya zimamera kale.
Mabedi okhala ndi tsabola wokoma ndi wowawasa ayenera kuyikidwa patali kwambiri kuti yoyambayo isamve kuwawa kosasangalatsa panthawi yoyendetsa mungu.
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Zovuta zothirira, kutentha kwambiri, mpweya wabwino zingayambitse matenda a fungal - choipitsa mochedwa, mwendo wakuda, fusarium, imvi zowola. Pachiyambi choyamba, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa Zaslon kapena Barrier.
Pankhani yakuda kwamiyendo Chomera chomwe chakhudzidwa chikuyenera kuchotsedwa, dothi pabedi lauma, owazidwa phulusa lamatabwa, chomeracho chimachizidwa ndi fungicide.
Ndi fusarium - chikasu cha masamba - chitsamba chokhudzidwa chimachotsedwa, kwa zina zonse, chisamaliro cholimbikitsidwa chimakonzedwa, chokhudzana ndi kuteteza nthaka kuti isamaume komanso kukula kwa namsongole. Kuchokera ku imvi zowola, zomwe zimatha kukhudza tsabola nthawi iliyonse yakukula, chithandizo chokhazikika cha mabedi ndi fungicidal solution chingathandize.
Tsabola amathanso kudwala tizilomboto tovulaza - thrips, nsabwe za m'masamba, akangaude, slugs ndi whiteflies. Zikatero, tikulimbikitsidwa kupopera mbewu ndi yankho la sopo yotsuka, adyo kapena infusions anyezi, celandine kapena chowawa chowawa. Mafuta a mpiru amathandizira ku slugs, yomwe imangogwa m'mabedi. Pachifukwa chomwechi, fumbi la fodya ndi tsabola wotentha amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
China chirichonse Njira za agrotechnical zokulitsira Swallow zosiyanasiyana ndichikhalidwe... Kuti chikhalidwe chikule bwino ndikubala zipatso bwino, ziyenera kukonzekera kuthirira nthawi zonse, kumasula nthaka, ndikuchotsa namsongole.