Mitundu ya mbatata ya Uladar ndi yokolola koyambirira. Anabadwa ndi obereketsa a ku Belarus, ndipo mu 2008 anaphatikizidwa m'kaundula wa boma. Mitunduyo ndi yaying'ono, yolinganizidwa bwino kuti ilimidwe munjira yapakatikati. Sidalandiridwebe pakati pa wamaluwa, koma chaka chilichonse anthu ambiri amakonda.
Kufotokozera kwa Uladar mbatata
Uladar imawerengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwazinthu zoyambirira: malinga ndi malongosoledwewo, imadutsa kuchokera kumera mpaka kukhwima masiku 75 okha... Zitsamba ndizochepa, pafupifupi zowongoka. Masambawo ndi obiriwira motalika komanso ochepa kukula kwake.
Maluwa a Uladar ndi ofiira ofiirira. Ma tubers okhwima amakhala ozungulira oval kwambiri, mawonekedwe awo ndi osalala. Khungu ndi lachikasu ndipo mnofu ndi wachikasu. Tuber imatha kufikira misa 130 magalamu.
Khalidwe
Mtengo wowuma kwambiri mu mbatata ya Uladar umafika pa 12.5%, ndipo chowuma ndi 19.5%.
Ponena za shuga, gawo lawo limafanana ndi 0.42%. Chifukwa cha izi, mawonekedwe abwino amakomedwa. Pamiyeso ya mfundo khumi, mitundu iyi idapeza 7 mfundo.
Zitsamba za Uladar ndizophatikizika, sizikufalikira. Izi zimathandizira kukonza ndi kusamaliranso mukabzala.
Mbiri yakuwoneka pakusankhidwa kwa Chibelarusi
Ntchito yosankha mitunduyo idachitika ndi asayansi angapo, kuphatikiza:
- I. Kolyadka;
- L. Vologdina;
- V. Makhanko;
- G. Piskun.
Ndiwo omwe adapatsidwa zolemba. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti Uladar ndi mtundu wina wachichepere, chifukwa ndi mu 2008 okha omwe adaphatikizidwa ndi State Register ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mulimidwe ku Central Region. Munthawi imeneyi, adakwanitsa kupambana mitima ya anthu aku Belarusi okha, komanso kupitilira malire a republic.
Zotuluka
Chitsamba chamtunduwu chimatha kukolola 8-13 ma tubers olemera magalamu 90-160... Izi ndi zisonyezo zabwino kwambiri, zomwe wamaluwa odziwa zambiri amazisamalira.
Ndikulima kwa mafakitale, hekitala imodzi imatha kukololedwa mpaka mazana a 600 mbatata, komabe, kukumba koyamba kumapereka, monga lamulo, zokolola zochepa kwambiri: pafupifupi 350 centner.
Zolemba pazokolola zamtundu wa Uladar zidalembedwa kuchuluka kwa matani 71 a mbatata kuchokera pa hekitala imodzi ya nthaka.
Ubwino ndi zovuta
Ngati mbatata idakwanitsa kanthawi kochepa kuti ikope chidwi cha anthu okhala m'dziko lawo, komanso kuti ifike kupitirira malire ake, ndiye kuti iyenera kukhala ndi zabwino zingapo kuposa omwe akupikisana nawo.
Izi ndi izi:
- nthawi zochepa zakucha ndi kuthekera kofulumira kukolola;
- zokolola zambiri;
- ngakhale mawonekedwe osalala a tuber;
- makhalidwe kwambiri mankhwala;
- kukoma kwabwino;
- kusungidwa bwino;
- kukana bwino kuwonongeka kwa makina;
- kukana tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
- zokolola zambiri za tubers zogulitsa.
Mwachilengedwe, Uladar ilibe zolakwika zina, zomwe ziyenera kuwerengedwanso. Choyamba, ichi ndi chakuti m'madera ena izi zosiyanasiyana Atengeke kwambiri ndi kachilomboka ka colorado mbatata... Zomera ziyenera kutetezedwa ndikuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala amakono opangidwa kuti athane ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa.
Zinthu zokula
Zochita zamagetsi
Uladar sifunikira ukadaulo waluso kwambiri; umatha kumera pafupifupi panthaka iliyonse. Chomera wofuna kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeniZomwe zili m'nthaka, komanso kuti phosphorous... Komanso, nthaka sayenera kusowa potaziyamu.
Ikafika panthaka yamchenga komanso yamchenga imachitika kale kuposa nthaka yolemera. Ndi kusowa kwa michere ndi zinthu zina, kuchuluka ndi mtundu wa mbewuzo zichepa.
Malamulo omwe akukula
Ngati kubzala kumachitika mdera lomwe chinyezi chimakhalapo, ndiye tubers sayenera kukhala yakuya kwambiri (Masentimita 5-6 ndi okwanira).
Kubzala ma ridge kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'malo omwe pre-leveling yachitika kale. Pachifukwa ichi, kuya kwakubzala kumasungidwa pamasentimita 7-8. Koma ngati tsambalo ndi louma, ndiye kuti ma tubers okonzeka amabzalidwa mozama masentimita 12-13.
Pakati pa nyengo chotsani namsongole, udzu mabedi... Pafupifupi njira ziwiri zochitira limodzi pamzere zimachitika nyengo iliyonse. Sikoyenera kubzala tchire pafupi kwambiri wina ndi mnzake, kufikira kwa mpweya ndi kuwala panthaka kuyenera kusamalidwa. Monga lamulo, njira zofikira zokhazikika zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi.
Kudzala: nthawi yobzala komanso momwe mungabzalidwe
Kubzala m'nthaka yamchenga komanso yamchenga kumachitika munthawi yofanana ndi kufesa mbewu zoyambirira. Koma zimamera ndi zokonzekera kale zimabzalidwa m'nthaka ya loamy patatha sabata.
Atatsala pang'ono kubzala, amaonetsetsa kuti nyembazo zaphuka. Ngati ma tubers amasungidwa pamalo ozizira, ndiye kuti muyenera kuwasamutsa m'chipinda chofunda.
Musanadzalemo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizitsatira ma tubers ndi mankhwala kulimbana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda a mafangasi... Izi sizofunikira, koma pambuyo pake mbewu zake sizikhala ndi zinthu zoyipa ndipo zizitetezedwa.
Malamulo osamalira
Mbatata imayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi ndi nthawi ikamakula. Migwirizano ndi voliyumu zimadalira mtundu ndi mkhalidwe wa nthaka. Nthawi zambiri munyengo 3-4 kuthirirakomabe, chiwerengerochi chimasinthidwa malinga ndi nyengo komanso nyengo. Muyenera kutsogozedwa ndi momwe tchire ndi nthaka zimakhalira.
Pakati pa nyengo osachepera awiri mankhwala tizilombo (makamaka kuchokera ku kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata). Pambuyo kumera, kubzala kumawunikidwa mosamala, ndipo ngati kuchuluka kwa tizilombo timeneti tikupezeka, tchire limakonzedwa mwapadera. Kukula ndi kukonza kwake kumawonetsedwa ndi wopanga pazolongedza.
Mbatata za uladar ndizosankha kwambiri za nayitrogeni m'nthaka, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kudyetsa mbewuzo zitamera phosphorous ndi feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni... Mu theka lachiwiri la nyengo yokula, pangani potaziyamu... Kudyetsa kwachilengedwe sikungakhale kopepuka, koma chinthu chachikulu apa sindikuchita mopambanitsa.
Ndi feteleza wochuluka wa nayitrogeni, mbatata zimatha kumera nthaka yobiriwira kwambiri, ndipo mbewu za tubers zidzakhala zosauka kwambiri. Tsatirani magawo omwe akuwonetsedwa ndi wopanga pazolemba.
Amayesetsa kusunga zokolola, kuchotsa namsongole. Kupalira koyamba kumachitika pamene mmera ufika mpaka masentimita 7-10, kenako nkufunika.
Kwa nyengo yam'munda udzu osachepera kawiri... Kuphatikiza apo, hilling imachitika kamodzi (pomwe mbewu zimapitilira kutalika kwa masentimita 10). Izi zimalimbikitsa kulowa kwa mpweya ku ma tubers. Nthaka imasungidwa mpaka nthawi yokolola.
Nthawi yokumba komanso momwe mungasungire
Mbatata ziyenera kukumbidwa nsonga zikafota, masamba amatembenukira chikasu ndikugwa, koma zimayambira ndizobiriwira. Pakadali pano, ma tubers ali ndi msika wabwino kwambiri komanso amasunga bwino.
Pakati panjira, monga lamulo, zokolola zimagweranso Ogasiti-koyambirira kwa Seputembara... Madetiwa siabwino ndipo amasinthidwa kutengera nyengo ndi nyengo. Pokolola, ndi bwino kusankha nyengo yamvula komanso youma.
Asanatumize tubers kuti asungidwe, ayenera youma ndi mpweya wabwino panja... Kenako, ma tubers owonongeka kapena osalongosoka amasankhidwa ndikusankhidwa, ndipo pokhapokha mbewu zikaikidwa m'mabokosi ndi madengu.
Mbatata za Uladar zimasungidwa bwino, sizifunikira zovuta zina pakukula. Pokonzekera mbale zophikira, ali ndi ndemanga zabwino kuchokera kwa alendo. Ndioyenera kukazinga ndi kuphika, komanso kuphika. Mitumbayi siyithupsa, imakhala ndi fungo labwino komanso imakonda kwambiri. Ponena za kulima: nyengo yabwino, mbewu ziwiri zamtunduwu zimapezeka pachaka, ndipo izi ndizothandiza kwa wamaluwa.