Mphesa za Kesha ndi mbadwo wachisanu wosakanizidwa wopangidwa ndi oweta oweta. Mitunduyi ndi yotchuka pakati pa omwe amalima komanso odziwa zambiri. Kesha ali ndi maubwino ndi zovuta poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya mphesa, kuphatikiza hybridi yochokera (Kesha-1 ndi Kesha-2).
Kufotokozera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa ya Kesha
Monga mwachizolowezi, tiyeni tiyambe ndikufotokozera zosiyanasiyana. Kesha ndi mphesa zoyambilira zoyambirira (masiku 130). Mphukira zimacha msanga komanso mochuluka (65-80% ya misa yonse). Cuttings muzu bwino. Tchire ndilolimba, lolimba, lobala zipatso. Chisa ndi chachikulu, mawonekedwe a masango ndi ozungulira. Kulemera kwake kwa magulu ndi 900 g.
Zipatsozo ndizokulirapo (11-15 g) komanso zowirira, zowulungika. Mukakhwima bwino, mtundu umasintha kuchoka pachizungu kupita ku amber wobiriwira. Kukoma kwake ndi shuga (zipatso za shuga ndi 20-24%). Pali mbewu zochepa mu zipatso, kuyambira chidutswa chimodzi mpaka zitatu. Zipatso sizikuphulika, zimasungabe chiwonetsero chawo chabwino. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi mayendedwe ambiri.
Kesha imagonjetsedwa ndi cinoni, matenda owopsa kwambiri ku mitundu yamphesa ku Europe. Hardy (mpaka -23˚С), koma sichitha bwino nthawi yozizira.
Wotsatira wake Kesha-1 amalimbana kwambiri ndi kuzizira komanso matenda kuposa Kesha. Koma Kesha-1 ili ndi maluwa achikazi. Ndipo Kesha ali ndi maluwa ake omwe amadzipangira mungu, womwe umalongosola zokolola zake zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, kukoma kwa Kesha ndikokwera kwambiri kuposa kwa otsatira ake (8 kuchokera pa 10 malinga ndi kulawa kwake).
Mitundu imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga vinyo woyera. Amakongoletsa tebulo lachikondwerero, ndipo zipatsozo zimadyedwa, kuchokera kuthengo komanso kuzizira.
Kufikira pansi
Musanagule, mbande zimayesedwa. Mbande zabwino, zomwe:
- palibe kuwononga mizu
- ndi yunifolomu mtundu
- ndi mnofu wobiriwira podulidwa
Pambuyo pogula, sangasiyidwe opanda madzi kwa nthawi yayitali, apo ayi adzauma.
Tizomera timabzalidwa mchaka kapena kugwa. Zimatengera nyengo. Ndikofunikira kuti mpweya uziwotha mpaka 15˚C. Dzulo lisanadzalemo, mbandezo zimathiridwa mu njira yolimbikitsira kukula. Nthaka imasankhidwa kukhala yachonde ndi yotayirira. Nthaka yakuda ndiyoyenera. Mphesa zimafota msanga mumthunzi. Malo m'munda momwe amakulira ayenera kukhala dzuwa.
Malo okwererawo amakonzedwa pasadakhale. Pachifukwa ichi, maenje amapangidwa m'nthaka, pansi pake pomwe ma humus owola amaikidwa. Mtunda pakati pa maenje ndi 1.5 m. Mbande zimayikidwa m'manda kuti muzu wa mizu ukhale masentimita 5 pamwamba panthaka. Mukabzala, chomeracho chimamangiriridwa kuzowongolera zowongoka ndikuthirira madzi ambiri.
Chitsa chake chalumikizidwa kumtengo wakale
Kesha ndi yosavuta kumezanitsa pa tsinde la chomera chakale. Asanalumikizidwe, m'mphepete mwa cuttings mumadulidwa ndikumizidwa mu njira yothetsera michere ndi mavalidwe apamwamba (mwachitsanzo, Humate).
Tsinde lakonzedwa: kutsukidwa bwino, kenako nkugawa kapena kudula ndi mpeni. The cuttings amalowetsedwa mu kugawanika ndikumangidwa ndi nsalu. Zidutswa zingapo zimalumikizidwa paziphuphu zazikulu. Pambuyo polumikiza, chomeracho chimamangirizidwa ndikuthirira mochuluka.
Malamulo osamalira
Mphesa zimafunika kuthirira madzi ambiri:
- kumayambiriro kwa masika
- ikamasula
- mutatha maluwa
M'nyengo yotentha, zomera zimathiriridwa nthawi zambiri. Ndikofunika kuti musasefukire mphesa, chifukwa izi ndizodzaza ndi kukula kwa matenda a fungal komanso kufa kwa kubzala. Pofuna kupewa kusefukira, wamaluwa amapanga ngalande pafupi ndi munda wamphesa kuti atunge madzi.
Kuphatikiza apo, chomeracho chimakulungidwa. Manyowa owola kapena peat ndioyenera mulch. Mzere wa mulch wa mphesa - 3 cm. Izi ndikwanira kuteteza nthaka kuti isazizidwe ndikusunga chinyezi chofunikira.
Mitunduyi imadziphatika kangapo pa nyengo (woyamba mchaka) ndi feteleza kapena feteleza wokhala ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Feteleza ndi nayitrogeni wa mphesa si abwino. Kuchulukitsa kwawo kumachepetsa mbewu, koma kumaonjezera kuchuluka kwa masamba obiriwira.
Mukugwa, mphukira za mphesa amazidulira. Chitsamba sichiyenera kukula, chimapangidwa kuti chikhale chophatikizana. Zowonjezera, zowonongeka komanso zowuma zimawonongedwa, koma zisanachitike zimayesedwa ngati zilipo matenda ndi tizirombo.
Pofuna kuteteza mpesa kuti usataye, dzira limodzi limatsalira pa mphukira imodzi, yayikulu kwambiri. Izi zipulumutsa chitsamba pamtolo, chifukwa Kesha amabala zipatso zochulukirapo ndipo zithandiza kuti ovary ipse ndikudzaza ndi madzi. Ngati koronayo atalitali kwambiri, ndiye kuti tsinani kuti athandize zipatsozo zipse.
M'chaka choyamba, kusamalira Kesha kumabwera ku:
- kuthirira
- kudulira
- kupewa matenda
- kumasula ndi kuphimba nthaka
Kukolola koyamba kuchokera ku Kesha kumakololedwa zaka zisanu. Mukabzala mbande pa tsinde lakale, ndiye kuti nthawi yodikirira idzachepetsedwa. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, zosiyanasiyana zimatha kubala zipatso chaka chilichonse.
Kwa nyengo yozizira, nthaka pansi pa mphesa imakutidwa ndi udzu, ndipo mphukira zimapendekera pansi ndikuphimbidwa ndi zojambulazo.
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Ndikofunika kuyendera zomera nthawi yophukira. Ndi nyengo yozizira, matenda amachepetsa chitukuko, ndipo tizirombo tikufunafuna malo ozizira. Ndipo kumapeto kwa nyengo, m'malo mophuka maluwa, pamakhala chiopsezo chotenga kachilomboka.
Powdery mildew
Ichi ndi bowa lomwe limagwetsera nyemba zobiriwira. Imafalikira mwachangu kwambiri. Chizindikiro chake ndi pachimake chachikasu pamasamba. Bowa amamenyedwa ndi yankho la ferrous sulphate (300 g pa chidebe chamadzi). Kuphatikiza pa iye, fungicides ithandizira polimbana ndi bowa: Mikal ndi Strobi.
Mankhwala azitsamba amachitika tsiku lopanda mphepo, zida zoteteza kupuma ndi maso. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti mankhwalawa sakumana ndi khungu.
Kuvunda imvi
Bowa lomwe limafalikira mwachangu m'malo onyowa. Amayamba m'malo akuda komanso opanda mpweya wabwino. Zimakhudza magawo onse azomera. Mbali yake yapadera ndi madontho abulauni okhala ndi zokutira zaimvi. Madera omwe akhudzidwa ndi magawo omwe agwa amachotsedwa m'munda ndikuwonongeka. Spores yogwira ya bowa amakhalabe mwa iwo.
Pofuna kuteteza kukula kwa nkhungu yaimvi, zomera zimapopera mankhwala ndi Folpan solution, fungicide yolumikizana. Ndipo pazomera zomwe zili ndi kachilombo, kukonzekera kwa Topsin M ndi Rorval Flo ndikoyenera.
Nthata
Zimakhala zosavuta kuziwona poyang'ana mkati mwa pepala.
- Mawanga a bulauni wokutidwa pansi ndi chizindikiro cha mite.
- Mawanga owala ndi zokutira zachikaso masamba kumbuyo kangaude wa mphesa.
- Mawanga achikasu kuzungulira mabowo m'masamba kumawonetsa kupezeka kwa tsamba la masamba.
Pakakhala kufalikira kwa nthata, wamaluwa amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo: Aktara ndi Vermitic. Ndikofunika kusamala mukamagwira nawo ntchito, chifukwa ndizowopsa kwa anthu. Wothandizira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi Karbofos, komanso decoctions ndi infusions wa chowawa, fodya ndi nsonga za mbatata.
Kuti chitsamba cha mphesa chikule bwino, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo osavuta aukadaulo waulimi:
- Bzalani mbande pamalo otseguka ndi dzuwa opanda mthunzi.
- Kupatulira zomera, kuchotsa masamba osafunikira.
- Madzi amafunika kuti mukolole zochuluka, koma kuchuluka kwake kudzawononga mphesa.
- Samalani ndi kupewa tizilombo. Mukalowa mkati mwa chipatsocho, zinthu zoyipa zimasintha kukoma kwawo ndikuchepetsa kufunika kwake.
- Ikani mavalidwe apamwamba pakufunika, kuchuluka kwawo kumathandizira kukula kwa unyinji wobiriwira, osati thumba losunga mazira.
Mphesa za Kesha sizifuna chisamaliro chapadera. M'malo mwake, pomusamalira, ndikofunikira kukumbukira muyesowo, ndikuchitapo kanthu munthawi yake. Ndipokhapo pamene zoyembekezerazo zidzalipira zipatso zokoma komanso zathanzi zomwe zingakusangalatseni inu ndi okondedwa anu.