Irga canadian ndi zipatso zosangalatsa komanso zokongoletsa zokongola. Chitsamba chouma chokhala ndi kutalika kwa 1.5 mpaka 8 mita ndichokongola nthawi iliyonse pachaka. M'nyengo yamasika, irga imawoneka yokongola nthawi yotsegulira mphukira, pomwe imawoneka yokutidwa ndi chisanu choyera.
Pambuyo pake, pakakhala maluwa, imafalikira ndi masango amaluwa oyera onunkhira ozunguliridwa ndi njuchi. Mpaka pakati pa chilimwe, shrub imakongoletsedwa ndi masango a zipatso zofiirira. Mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, kukongoletsa kwa chitsamba ndi masamba, omwe amasintha pang'onopang'ono utoto wobiriwira kukhala wofiira. Nthambi zofiirira za Burgundy zimawoneka bwino poyang'ana munda wachisanu wokutidwa ndi chipale chofewa.
Kufotokozera kwa canada irgi
Tiyeni tiyambe ndikufotokozera Irga ndi shrub yomwe ikukula mwachangu. Chikhalidwe chimayamba kubala zipatso mutabzala mchaka chachitatu. Nthawi ya irgi ndi zaka 40-50. Kukana kwa chisanu ndi kwabwino kwambiri, kumalekerera chisanu mpaka madigiri 40 popanda kutayika. M'mikhalidwe ya dera la Moscow, safuna pogona m'nyengo yozizira. Chomeracho chimamvanso bwino kumadera akumpoto kwambiri. Tchire lomwe limakula bwino limafunikira kwambiri ndipo, ngati labzala mwamphamvu kwambiri, tambasulani mwamphamvu ndi kubala zipatso zoipa.
Mizu ya tchire ndiyopanda pake, unyinji wa mizu uli pakatikati pa masentimita 40, ena amapita mpaka mita 1. Kutalika kwa kufalikira kwa mizu kumafikira 2 m.
Irga imamasula kumapeto kwa Epulo - koyambirira kwa Meyi, kwa masiku 10-15. Maluwawo amatha kupirira chisanu chanthawi yayitali mpaka -7 ° C.
Shrub siyosankha za dothi, ndiyosagonjetsedwa ndi chilala. Irga imakula mwachangu - kale mchaka chachitatu mutabzala imayamba kubala zipatso, ndipo ikafika zaka 8-10 zaka zokolola kwathunthu zimayamba. Nthawi yokolola ndi zaka 20-30 ndi zokolola pafupifupi 8-10 makilogalamu a zipatso pachitsamba chilichonse.
Ubwino wa shrub ndikubala zipatso koyamba komanso kochulukirapo, kudziyipitsa payokha kwa mbeu kumatsimikizira kubala zipatso pachaka. Irga ndi wodzichepetsa pakukula, nyengo yozizira-yolimba komanso yosagwira chilala.
Zopindulitsa
Zipatso za Irga ndi mankhwala abwino okhala ndi mavitamini C, B2, carotene, pectins, anthocyanins ndikutsata zinthu (cobalt, mkuwa, lead). Zipatsozi ndizothandiza pochiza hypo- ndi avitaminosis, popewa komanso kuchiza matenda a atherosclerosis, matenda am'mimba, komanso mtima wamitsempha.
Mankhwala a irgi zipatso
- amachepetsa ubongo, wothandiza kugona ndi kugona mopanda mpumulo;
- kuonjezera kukhazikika kwa makoma amitsempha yamagazi ndikuwalimbitsa;
- amagwiritsidwa ntchito popewera myocardial infarction ndi mitsempha ya varicose (imalepheretsa kupangika kwa magazi);
- khalani ndi mphamvu, kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndikukhazikika kwama cholesterol;
- amagwiritsidwa ntchito popewera zilonda zam'mimba komanso ngati wotsutsa-zotupa pazovuta zam'mimba;
- mabulosi ndi othandiza polimbana ndi sclerosis;
- Madzi ochokera ku zipatso zatsopano ali ndi zinthu zowononga, kotero amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupopera ndi kutupa.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana
Irga ndi wochokera kubanja la Rosaceae ndipo ali ndi mitundu yopitilira 25. Zomwe zimafala kwambiri ndi izi:
- Irga Canada - shrub yokhala ndi nthambi zotsikira mpaka 6 mita kutalika. Amayamikiridwa ndi zipatso zokoma kwambiri, zokoma zolemera mpaka 1 g. Amapereka mpaka 6 kg / chitsamba. Maluwawo ndi obiriwira, abwino kwambiri m'mipanda yobzalidwa mita 2 kutali. Ndi shrub yomwe ikukula mofulumira yomwe imakula mpaka 40 cm kutalika ndi mulifupi.
Pazaka 60 zapitazi, Canada yakhala malo oberekera mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya irgi. Odziwika kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa ndi awa:
- Pembina - kutalika ndi m'lifupi mwa shrub kufika 5 mita. Korona akufalikira. Ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana ndi kupanga mapangidwe ochepa a mizu.
- Osuta - shrub mpaka 4.5 m kutalika, korona ngati maambulera otseguka. Zosiyanasiyana ndi nyengo yamaluwa yochedwa, yomwe imapangitsa kuti izitha kupewa kutaya kwa ovary kumapeto kwa chisanu. Zipatso za Smokey ndizazikulu, mpaka 14mm m'mimba mwake ndi fungo labwino. Mitengoyi ndi yokoma kwambiri pamitundu yonse yomwe ilipo, yoterera komanso yopanda chidwi.
- Northline - chitsamba chamitengo ingapo yopingasa, mitengo ikuluikulu. Mitengoyi ndi yayikulu kwambiri, mpaka 16mm m'mimba mwake, buluu-wakuda ndi pachimake cha wax, kucha kwa zipatso zosakhazikika kumakhala kosavuta. Zosiyanasiyana zimapanga mizu yambiri. Amafuna woyendetsa mungu.
- Sturgeon - mitundu yambiri yotulutsa shrub mpaka mamitala 3. Mitundu yambiri imakhala yololera, masango a mabulosi ndi aatali, zipatso zake ndizazikulu komanso zotsekemera.
- Thyssen - chitsamba chofika kutalika kwa 5 m ndi korona wofalikira kwambiri. Izi ndiye zoyambirira, zomwe zikukula mwachangu kwambiri. Kukula kwa zipatso zabwino kwambiri kumafikira 17mm m'mimba mwake. Zipatso ndi zonunkhira ndi zowawa pang'ono. Chifukwa cha kukhwima kwa zipatso, nthawi yokolola imakwezedwa munthawi yake. Frost kukana mpaka - 28 ° С.
- Irga Lamarca Ndi shrub yayikulu kapena mtengo wawung'ono mpaka 8 mita kutalika. Korona ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Mosiyana ndi Canada Irga, imakula pang'onopang'ono, kukula pachaka sikuposa masentimita 25 kutalika. Irga Lamarca ndi wokongola kwambiri nthawi yamaluwa komanso masamba ofiira nthawi yophukira.
Thunthu limakhala lokongola popindika. Mitengo yotere imawoneka bwino m'mabzala ndi m'mipata imodzi.
Nthawi zambiri m'mindamu mumakhalanso ndi irga ndi ma irga okhala ndi masamba ozungulira, amakhala okongoletsa ndipo zipatso zawo zimadyanso, koma ndizocheperako ndipo kukoma kwa zipatso kumakhala kotsika.
Kudzala, kukula ndi chisamaliro
Irga ikuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zikukula, osati zopanda phindu posamalira.
M'munda kapena m'munda, imatha kubzalidwa kuchokera kumpoto, popeza tchire lake limasunga chipale chofewa ndi kuteteza ku mphepo yozizira yakumpoto. Ndi bwino kubzala raspberries, currants, gooseberries pafupi ndi iwo, kwa iwo kumakhala chitetezo chabwino.
Irga ingabzalidwe masika ndi nthawi yophukira. M'dzenje lokonzeka, mbande zimabzalidwa mozama 5-10 masentimita kuposa momwe zidakulira kale, izi zimalimbikitsa kukula kwa mphukira zochulukirapo. Mukabzala ndi kuthirira madzi ambiri, nthaka yoyandikira mbande imadzazidwa, chomeracho chimadulidwa pafupifupi 1/3 ya kutalika, osasiya masamba osapitilira asanu. Zomera zimabzalidwa mamita awiri aliwonse, ndipo popanga tchinga, ndibwino kuti mubzale paboardboard iliyonse ya 0,5-0.7 m m'mizere ndi pakati pa mbewu.
Chisamaliro china chimakhala kuthirira nthawi yadzuwa, kumasula nthaka kuzungulira tchire ndikudyetsa. Irga imayankha feteleza. Pakati pa nyengo, ndibwino kuti muziudyetsa mwezi uliwonse ndi feteleza wamadzimadzi (infusions wa mullein kapena ndowe za mbalame), kuwaphatikiza ndi kuthirira ndikupanga foliar feteleza ndi feteleza wama micronutrient. Chomeracho chidzakuthokozani inu.
Kudulira
Ngati mwasankha kupanga chomera ngati chitsamba chamitundu ingapo, ndiye kuti mzaka zoyambirira mutabzala ndikofunikira kuchotsa mphukira zonse zofooka, kusiya 2-3 mphukira zamphamvu kwambiri pamizu. Chitsamba chopangidwa bwino chimakhala ndi nthambi 10-15 za mibadwo yosiyana.
Pamene kukula kwa mphukira sikuposa masentimita 10, amayamba kudulira okalamba, komwe kumachotsa mphukira zonse zofooka komanso zolimba. Zina zonse zimadulidwa mpaka kutalika kwa mita 2.5. Malo onse odulira akulu amayenera kusamalidwa bwino.
Pofuna kukongoletsa kwambiri ku Canada Irgi, korona wake uyenera kupangidwa mozungulira mukamadzulira. Zotsatira za kudulira kotereku kudzakhala kukula kwamphamvu kwa mphukira zazing'ono ndikupanga masamba a zipatso.
Irgu Lamarca imapangidwa ndi mtengo wokhala ndi mitengo ikuluikulu 3-5, mphukira zina zonse zimachotsedwa nyengo yonseyi. Nthambizo zimafupikitsidwa chaka chilichonse.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito Irgi canadian popanga tchinga, m'pofunika kudula pachaka, ndikuchepetsa kukula kwa masentimita 10 mpaka 15. Kudulira pachaka kumathandizira kuti nthambi zizikhala bwino.
Kubereka
Pali njira zingapo zofalitsira Irga Canada:
- Mbewu. Mbewu zimakololedwa kuchokera ku zipatso zazikulu, kucha kuchokera ku tchire lopindulitsa kwambiri. Zipatsozo zimaloledwa kugona kwa sabata, kenako njerezo, zikalekanitsidwa bwino ndi zamkati, zimachotsedwa.Mbewuzo zimafesedwa kumapeto kwa chaka chosonkhanitsa mbewu. Mbewu imafesedwa m'mizere, kuthiriridwa bwino, ndikuphimbidwa ndi zojambulazo. Mukamabzala mbewu masika, amayenera kukhala omangidwa kwa miyezi itatu mumchenga wonyowa m'chipinda chapansi. Mukasamalira bwino chaka choyamba, mbande zimatha kutalika kwa 10-15 cm, kwa zaka 2 kutalika kwake kumakhala mpaka 40 cm, patatha zaka ziwiri mbande zimasamutsidwa kupita kumalo okhazikika.
- Muzu ana... Ndi njira yoberekera iyi, mphukira za mizu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi chitsamba cha mayi ndikuyika malo okhazikika. Nthawi yobzala ndi masika kapena nthawi yophukira.
- Zomera zobiriwira. Kubereketsa kwa cuttings wobiriwira ku canadensis kumachita bwino kwambiri. Mphukira 95% yazika mizu.Mitengo yobiriwira imadulidwa pakukula kwambiri, kuyambira kumapeto kwa Juni mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Julayi. Cuttings amadulidwa kumtunda kwa nthambi zazaka 5-6, kutalika kwa cuttings kuyenera kukhala 12-15 masentimita Kuchokera pa cuttings odulidwa, masamba am'munsi amachotsedwa, kusiya ma peyala awiri okhawo apamwamba. Kudula kocheperako kumakonzedwa muzu wakale ndikubzala moyenerera mtunda wa masentimita 5. Chodula chimabzalidwa m'nyumba zosungira, pomwe pamafunika kutentha chinyezi pa 70-80%. Kuyika mizu kumachitika masiku 20-25. Pambuyo pozika mizu, kanemayo amachotsedwa, ndikukula kwa mbewu kumachitika panja. Ndikofunika kupanga madzi okwanira ndi kudyetsa nthawi zonse. Zomera zakonzeka kubzala kasupe wotsatira.
- Kubereka mwa kuyala. Ndi njira yoberekera, nthambi zopanga bwino chimodzi kapena ziwiri zimatengedwa. Zigawo zimapangidwa bwino kumayambiriro kwa masika, nthaka ikangololeza. Ma grooves amapangidwa pafupi ndi chitsamba, momwe nthambi zosankhidwa zimayikidwa. Mphukira zoyikidwazo zimamangiriridwa pansi ndizitsulo zazitsulo, nsonga za mphukira zafupikitsidwa. Pambuyo pakukula kuchokera ku masamba amphukira obiriwira mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 10-12, amawazidwa ndi nthaka theka la kutalika, pakatha masiku 20, njira yowaza ndi dziko lapansi imabwerezedwa. M'dzinja, mbeu zazikulu zimatha kubzalidwa m'malo okhazikika.
- Kubereka pogawa tchire. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakufunika kuthyola chitsamba chachikulire kupita kwina. Chomeracho chimakumbidwa, kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kapena kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, mizu imamasulidwa ku nthaka yochulukirapo, nthambi zakale zimachotsedwa.Rizizome imagawidwa m'magawo, mizu imafupikitsidwa ndikubzala m'mabowo okonzeka kubzala.
Tizirombo ndi matenda
Irga canadensis imagonjetsedwa ndi matenda akulu ndi mafangasi. Itha kukhudzidwa ndi mbozi za currant leafworm, mbozi wa rosewormworm. Amavulaza masamba ndikulumata nsonga za mphukira zazing'ono. Pofuna kuthana ndi tizirombo mukamakonza dimba, simuyenera kuiwala kupopera tchire la irgi.
Nthawi yakucha kwa zipatsozi, mbalame zimawononga kwambiri, zomwe zimakondanso kudya zipatso zake zowutsa mudyo komanso zokoma. Pofuna kupewa kutaya zokolola, tchire tating'ono titha kuphimbidwa ndi ukonde. Zomera zikakhala kuti zakula kale, pamakhala zipatso zokwanira aliyense.
Mavitamini - oti adzagwiritsidwe ntchito mtsogolo
Irga imabala zipatso chaka chilichonse komanso zochuluka, koma zipatso zake zimapsa mofanana ndipo zimakololedwa magawo angapo.
Mashelufu a zipatso zomwe adakolola ndi zazifupi, masiku awiri okha, bola ngati amasungidwa pamalo ozizira (chapansi kapena firiji).
Ma compotes, timadziti, timasunga, ma jellies, vinyo amakonzedwa kuchokera ku zipatso zotsekemera za irgi, amauma ndi kuzizira. Zipatso za Irgi, chifukwa cha asidi ochepa, alibe kukoma kowala, koma ali ndi mtundu wowala kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, ndibwino kuti muwonjezere ma compotes kuchokera ku maapulo, mapeyala ndi zipatso zina zomwe sizikhala ndi mtundu wotchulidwa.
Makamaka aziperekedwa ku zipatso zouma za irgi, atha kusintha zoumba zodula. Zipatso zouma zimasunga katundu wawo kwanthawi yayitali. Amasungidwa m'mitsuko yagalasi yotsekedwa.
Chikhalidwe cha irgi ndikubala kochepa kwa msuzi kuchokera ku zipatso zatsopano. Pambuyo masiku 5-7 osungira, zokolola zamadzi pokonza zidzakhala mpaka 80%.
Akusowekapo
Madzi a mabulosi a Irgi ndi abwino m'maso, pamtima, pakhosi, pamitsempha yamagazi. Madzi okonzeka amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera zakumwa zakumwa, zakumwa, zakudya.
Msuzi wa Shuga
Zipatso zomwe zakhala m'malo ozizira kwa sabata zimatsukidwa, kufinyidwa, kusakaniza ndi shuga mu 1: 1 ratio. Kutenthetsa msuzi pamoto wochepa mpaka shuga utasungunuka kwathunthu, osabweretsa. Madziwo amatenthedwa m'mitsuko yamagalasi kapena m'mabotolo, osindikizidwa ndikusungidwa pamalo ozizira.
Msuzi wachilengedwe
Madzi amafinyidwa kuchokera ku zipatso zokonzeka, kutsanulira mu mitsuko imodzi, yopaka mafuta kwa mphindi 15-20 ndikukulunga ndi zivindikiro.
Irga Canada, chifukwa cha mankhwala, kulawa komanso kukongoletsa, imayenera kukhala malo olemekezeka m'munda kapena mdzikolo. Kusiya ndi kochepa, koma maubwino ndi zosangalatsa ndizochuluka.