Mwayi mbatata yakucha msanga. Ulaliki wabwino. Ndi yotchuka pakati pa anthu okhala mchilimwe, komanso pakufuna pakati pa ogula.
Makhalidwe ndi malongosoledwe a mitundu ya mbatata Udacha
Mbatata za mitundu ya Udacha zidapezeka mu 1994 ku A.G.Lorkh State Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture. Obereketsa adalenga wodzichepetsa, wololera kwambirizosiyanasiyana zimasinthidwa nyengo zosiyanasiyana komanso nyengo.
Malinga ndi malongosoledwe ake, ma tubers amtundu wa Udacha ndi ozungulira kapena owulungika, okhala ndi maso ochepa. Khungu ndi lochepa komanso losalala. Mtundu wa khungu: wachikasu kapena bulauni.
Kutalika kwapakatikati ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira. Maluwawo ndi oyera, manda ake ndi opindika. Maluwa ochuluka a zosiyanasiyana.
Tuber zamkati ndi zoyera, zowirira. Ikaphikidwa, imakhala yachikasu.
Kulemera kwa tuber kumafika 90 - 130 g... Nyengo yokula imatha Masiku 70 - 80.
Khalidwe:
- kukhwima msanga;
- wololera kwambiri;
- Kulimbana ndi chilala;
- kugonjetsedwa ndi malo ogona;
- kunama;
- ndi kukoma kwabwino.
Kuphatikiza apo, imasiyanitsidwa ndi:
- kuchuluka kwa ma tubers kuchokera pachikhalidwe chimodzi - 10-15;
- kusakhazikika - 12 - 14%;
- zokolola kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi - 1.7 makilogalamu;
- zokolola za 1 ha - 1.5 t;
- kugulitsa - 88-97%.
Ubwino ndi zovuta zamitundu yosiyanasiyana
Ubwino:
- chitetezo cha kutentha. Kukula kwa Tuber kumayamba pakatentha +10.
- kulumikiza mwachangu ma tubers. Pambuyo masiku 45 mbatata zoyambirira zimakumbidwa kuti ziphike. Zimakoma.
- kucha kwakanthawi kochepa;
- chitetezo chamatenda ambiri. Osakhudzidwa ndi matenda amtundu.
- kugonjetsedwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa makina... Makamaka posonkhanitsa ndi kunyamula.
- zokolola zambiri;
- kusunga khalidwe.
Zina mwazovuta: kutenga chiwopsezo chakumapeto kwa choipitsa ndi tsinde nematode, kulimba panthaka. - Mbiri yakuchoka
Kukonzekera mbewu
Timamera mbewu pang'onopang'ono masabata 2-3 musanabzala. Zinthu zobzala zimayikidwa m'mabokosi kapena pa tarp wosanjikiza umodzi, kulola kufikira kuwala kwachilengedwe. Mukuwala, ma tubers amasanduka obiriwira, omwe amalimbikitsanso kukula ndi chitetezo chamatenda.
Timasanja ndi kusanja mbatata, kutaya odwala, ma tubers osavomerezeka. Timasankha zinthu zabwino kwambiri zobzala.
Kusankha tubers kukula kwapakatikati... Dulani ma tubers akulu m'magawo awiri kuti theka lililonse likhale ndi zosachepera 3 - 4.
Kufika
Kumapeto kwa Epulo - koyambirira kwa Meyi kubzala mbatata pansi. Kubzala mbewu muzu m'nthaka yozizira kumachepetsa zokolola kawiri. Kutentha kokwanira kwa nthaka ndi madigiri 10 Celsius.
Kwa mbatata, pali lamulo lomwe lidayesedwa kwazaka zambiri: amabzalidwa osati kale kuposa masamba a maluwa a birch, koma osapitirira maluwa a mbalame yamatcheri.
Mbatata yamwayi wodzichepetsa pansi... Amakula pa nthaka zosiyanasiyana: dongo ndi mchenga loam, chernozem ndi loam.
Tsambali limakonzedwa kugwa, organic imayambitsidwa. Otsogolera chikhalidwe - kabichi, nkhaka, mavwende ndi mphonda... Osabzala mbatata m'munda pambuyo pa tomato, chifukwa ndi amtundu womwewo wa nightshade.
M'chaka, asanabzala, amakumbanso nthaka, amagwiritsa ntchito phulusa ndi feteleza amchere.
Kuchepetsa mu nthawi yochepa
Pali njira yabwino yopezera zokolola zoyambirira. Tengani bokosi ndi peat kapena utuchi, kuthirira madzi ndi kubzala mbewu za tubers. Chomera chomwe chidapangidwa chimabzalidwa pabedi pakatha milungu iwiri. Komabe, wamaluwa samakonda kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wovuta uwu.
Pa nthaka yadothi, gwiritsani ntchito ikufika pamapiri... Mbewu zimabzalidwa m'mizere, kutalika kwake kumafika masentimita 20. Kutalika pakati pawo ndi masentimita 60. Njira imeneyi imathandizira kutenthetsa mbewu ndi kuloleza kwa mpweya.
Pa chernozems imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusalala bwino... Mbeu zimabzalidwa mozama masentimita 5-7. Nthaka siyokulungika, koma ndikuwotcha.
Nthawi yokula ya zokolola imatha pafupifupi Masiku 75-90... Komabe, mwaulesi kale mutabzala, mutha kukolola. Chakudya, mutha kale kukumba tchire kumapeto kwa June.
Mitunduyi ili ndi zokolola zambiri, ndizotheka kukolola kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi 12-20 mbatata tubers, yomwe ndi 1-2 kg.
Kupsa kwathunthu kwa mbatata "Mwayi" umachitika nsonga zitasanduka zachikasu.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mu chitsamba chobiriwira, ma tubers adakali munthawi ya chitukuko. Onetsetsani kuti mwaumitsa mbatata mumthunzi mutatha kukolola.
Chiwembu komanso nthawi yokwera
Kutentha kwa mpweya ndi kutentha kwa nthaka ndizizindikiro zazikulu zobzala mbatata panthaka.
Mbatata zamitundu yonse ya Mwayi zimabzalidwa molingana ndi chiwembucho 20 x 60 masentimita... Phulusa ndi humus zimayambitsidwa mu dzenje lililonse. Pakamera mbande, amadzikakamira kuti ateteze pakusintha kwa kutentha. Zolemba zokutira zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Kutsegula kwachiwiri kumachitika pomwe nsonga zikafika kutalika kwa 20 cm.
Kumasula nthaka, kupalira namsongole - agrotechnical njira zosamalira mbatata. Tikulimbikitsidwa kumasula nthaka mvula ikagwa kuti mvula izitha kufikira mosavuta muzu wazitsamba.
Feteleza ndi kuthirira
Feteleza chikhalidwe chimachitika mbewu zikamera, nthawi yophuka ndi maluwa.
Pakudyetsa koyamba, supuni 1 ya urea ndi zitosi za mbalame, 0,5 malita a mullein pa 10 malita a madzi amayambitsidwa. Nthawi yachiwiri yomwe mbewuyo imadyetsedwa ndi potaziyamu sulphate (supuni 1) ndi phulusa la nkhuni (supuni 2-3) potengera ndowa. Pakati pa maluwa, gwiritsani supuni 2 za superphosphate ndi 1 chikho cha mullein pachidebe chilichonse chamadzi. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira pachitsamba - 500 ml.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa feteleza wa mankhwala enaake ndi potaziyamu muyezo waukulu kumapangitsa kuti mapangidwe a tubers azikhala mdima wamkati.
Mbatata zamwayi undemanding kuthirira... Nyengo yovuta (chilala, kutentha), tsambalo limathiriridwa pogwiritsa ntchito mvula kapena madzi apampopi. Onetsetsani kuti mumasula mutatha kuthirira.
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Mbatata zamtundu wa mwayi zonse zimakhala ndi matenda ambiri, koma sachedwa kudwala ndi tsinde nematode.
Kutentha kwambiri, kachulukidwe ka kadzala ka mbatata ndi zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa vuto lakumapeto. Zizindikiro za matendawa: mawonekedwe mawanga akuda pamasamba ndi zimayambirazipsera zovunda.
Njira zodzitetezera: Kupalira nthawi zonse, kusintha kwa kasinthasintha wa mbewu... Njira zowongolera: chithandizo chazomwe zili ndi mkuwa monga Bordeaux zamadzimadzi kapena oxychloride yamkuwa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito gawo lililonse lokula kwazomera. Masamba ndi tchire zomwe zakhudzidwa zimawonongeka.
Tsinde nematode limadziwika ndi masamba otumbululuka, kukulitsa mbewu zimayambira, bushiness ndi mawanga akuda pa tubers. Pofuna kupewa matenda, supuni ya phulusa imawonjezeredwa m'dzenjemo mukamabzala. Zikhalidwe zodwala zimachotsedwa.
Polimbana ndi kachilomboka kakang'ono ka Colorado mbatata, zonsezi zimakonzedwa ndi mankhwala.
- Phulusa... Kuwaza ndi phulusa losakaniza (2 l) ndi sopo wochapira (chidutswa) pa ndowa.
- Chowawa... Onjezani 300 g yaudzu, kapu ya phulusa ku ndowa yamadzi otentha ndipo nyamuka kwa maola atatu.
- Popula... Dzazani theka la ndowa ndi masamba, onjezerani madzi, wiritsani kwa mphindi 15. Pamwamba mpaka malita 10, siyani masiku atatu.
- "Wokamba nkhani" wowopsa... Onetsetsani 300 g ya soda ndi yisiti mu ndowa yamadzi, perekani mbewu 1-2 pa sabata.
- Kachilomboka Colorado mbatata motsutsana yokha... Lembani mtsuko wa 500 ml ndi tizirombo, tsanulirani mu chidebe cha 10-lita, mudzaze ndi madzi, ndikutseka mwamphamvu. Pambuyo pa sabata, kulowetsedwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mu 1: 2 ratio.
Kukolola ndi kusunga
Kukumba mbatata kumayamba mwezi umodzi ndi theka mutabzala. Chizindikiro chakukolola mu Ogasiti ndiko kuyanika kwa nsonga.
Asanasungire, mbewu zazu zimauma ndi kusanjidwa. Sungani m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, m'chipinda chapansi kutentha kuchokera ku + 2 mpaka + 5 madigiri.
Mitundu ya Vilnya ndi Anoka idapanga maziko a Udacha mbatata zosiyanasiyana. Mbatata yamwayi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri pamunda.