M'manja mwa osamalira wamaluwa osamala, tchire la mabulosi limatha kukhala zokongoletsa za tsambalo. Zipatso zomwe zakula mwachikondi zidzakusangalatsani ndi zokolola zokoma nyengo yonseyi.
Mitengo yazipatso ndi tchire la mabulosi kumunda
Kukhazikika kwa mundawo sikokwanira popanda zipatso ndi mabulosi tchire ndi mitengo. M'munda wokhala ndi malo okongola, payenera kukhala malo a chitsamba cha mabulosi: raspberries, gooseberries, currants, sea buckthorn, honeysuckle, mabulosi akuda, mabulosi abulu, irgi. Tikukupatsani chidule cha zitsamba zotchuka kwambiri.
Rasipiberi
Zachidziwikire kuti mwamva za zabwino za raspberries. N'zovuta kulingalira kuti tchire la rasipiberi limakula m'nkhalango zokha. Ndipo patangopita zaka mazana angapo adayamba kubzala m'minda yamaluwa. Rasipiberi ali ndi zabwino zambiri, ndizofunikira m'munda. Zitsamba, kutengera mitundu yosiyanasiyana, zimakhala ndi zipatso zofiira, nthawi zambiri sizikhala zachikasu komanso zofiirira.
Zosiyanasiyana za raspberries
- Mitundu yachikhalidwe yam'mbuyomu, yapakatikati komanso yakucha mochedwa. Amagwirizana ndi mikhalidwe iliyonse. Chosavuta ndi zokolola zochepa.
- Zipatso zazikulu zimatengedwa kuti ndizopambana. Amalola zipatso zokula mpaka magalamu 12 iliyonse.
- Zotchuka kwambiri zakonzedwa. Amayamba kubala zipatso mchaka choyamba.
Zosamalira
Chitsamba cha Berry chimafuna kuthirira nthawi zonse, kumasula ndi umuna. Kubzala kumachitika masika kapena nthawi yophukira. Kwa nyengo yozizira, dothi lozungulira chitsamba limasungidwa. M'chaka m'pofunika chepetsa ndi kumanga. Njira zonsezi zikhala zopanda ntchito ngati shrub satetezedwa ku matenda.
Kololani ndi magolovesi, popeza tchire la mitundu yambiri lili ndi minga panthambi.
Jamu
Gooseberries nthawi zambiri amatchedwa mphesa zakumpoto kapena nthangala zaku Russia. Mbewu yosadzichepetsa imapereka zokolola zabwino. Mitengo imamva bwino m'malo owala. Amaopa mithunzi ndi madzi. Mutha kupeza gooseberries pafupifupi zigawo zonse. Tchire zimayamba kubala zipatso kuyambira chaka chachitatu. Zipatsozo zimatha kukhala zobiriwira, zachikasu kapena zofiirira. Pali mitundu yosachepera 1500
Mosiyana ndi ma currants, gooseberries sachita mantha ndi chilala.
Jamu mitundu
- Mitundu yaku Europe imayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kukoma kwawo. Chosavuta ndichosakhazikika kwa matenda ndi chisanu.
- American - saopa chilala, perekani zokolola zabwino. Ponena za kukula, zipatsozo ndizotsika poyerekeza ndi mitundu yaku Europe.
- Zophatikiza - phatikizani zabwino zonse. M'minda yam'munda, amadziwika kuti ndiwoofala kwambiri.
Zosamalira
Gooseberries samalola dothi la acidic; tikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera kompositi wamunda ndi laimu panjira yolima. Tchire zimabzalidwa mu Seputembara. Mukamabzala masika, chomeracho chitha kufa. Nthambi zakale ndi zowuma ziyenera kudulidwa. Sungani ma gooseberries akamapsa. Chifukwa cha minga panthambi, ndibwino kuchita izi ndi magolovesi.
Mabulosi akutchire
M'munda, mabulosi akuda amabzalidwa posachedwa, asanapezeke kuthengo kokha.
Iwo kuposa raspberries mu mankhwala ndi kukoma. Shrub yokhala ndi rhizome yosatha sinkafunika chifukwa cha minga yake yakuthwa. Komabe, chifukwa cha obereketsa, mitundu yopanda minga idawoneka. Imafanana ndi zakuda zakuda. Zimakoma kwambiri.
Zosiyanasiyana mabulosi akuda
- Konzani mabulosi akutchire - amadziwika kuti ndiofala kwambiri. Tchire limakolola bwino ndikusunga malo pamalowa.
- Mitundu ya zokwawa zochepa kwambiri imapezeka kawirikawiri. Odziwa ntchito zamaluwa amalimbikitsa kubzala izi zosiyanasiyana.
- Kukonza mabulosi akutchire - kumakupatsani mwayi wokolola mbewu ziwiri pa nyengo: Juni, Ogasiti.
Zosamalira
Amapereka zokolola zochuluka panthaka yodyetsedwa bwino. Mu mitundu yowongoka, zimayambira zazing'ono ziyenera kumangidwa. Kudzala mabulosi akuda mumchere mosasunthika pamzere, apo ayi pakhoza kukhala zovuta pakusamalira. Nthawi yobala zipatso, tchire limayenera kuthiriridwa kwambiri.
Zosangalatsa
Mitundu yodyedwa ya honeysuckle amatchedwa "zipatso zobwezeretsanso". Dzinalo silinachitike mwangozi, chifukwa zipatsozo zimakhala ndi unyamata - selenium. Zitsamba zimamasula bwino, chifukwa chake amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokongoletsera. Komabe, mokulira, mabulosi amtengo wapatali ngati nkhokwe yothandiza yamavitamini.
Zimapsa pakati pa Meyi. Mabulosiwa amamva kuwawa pang'ono.
Honeysuckle mitundu
- Honeysuckle yokhala ndi zipatso zazitali kwambiri - tchire laling'onoting'ono limasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe a zipatso.
- Mitundu yophatikiza - yopangidwa ndi obereketsa podutsa mitundu ya mabulosi.
- Mitengo yapakatikati - imakulolani kukolola honeysuckle mpaka nthawi yophukira.
Zosamalira
Zitsamba sizilekerera mthunzi bwino. Posankha malo oti mufikire, ndibwino kuti musankhe malo omwe kuli dzuwa. Oyenera kubzala nthawi yophukira komanso masika. Masika, izi zimayenera kuchitika isanayambike nyengo yokula. Honeysuckle imakula pang'onopang'ono kuti chitsamba chizike mizu ndikuwundana bwino, chimadyetsedwa.
Zitsamba za zaka 6-8 zimafuna kudulira ukhondo. Nthambi zakufa ziyenera kuchotsedwa... Mphukira zazing'ono siziyenera kudula.
Zowonjezera
Zitsamba zosatha currant zitha kupezeka m'minda yam'minda ndi nkhalango. Zipatso ndizotchuka chifukwa cha kukoma kwawo komanso zida zawo zothandiza. Tchire, modzichepetsa kuti musamalire, amakulolani kusonkhanitsa mbewu zabwino. Ndizosatheka kusankha mtundu umodzi wapa webusayiti. Njira yabwino ingakhale kukula mitundu ingapo nthawi imodzi. Zakudyazo zimakwanitsa kuthana ndi masoka achilengedwe m'nyengo yozizira yozizira.
Mitundu ya ma currants
- Black currant yakucha, yapakatikati komanso yakucha. Mitundu yazipatso zazikulu imadziwika kuti ndi yotchuka kwambiri.
- Red currant - imasiyana m'magulu olemera kwambiri. Tchire limatha kukula popanda kubzala mpaka zaka 20.
- White currant - mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kukoma ndi zabwino sizotsika kuposa zofiira.
- Zosakanizidwa mitundu - zimaŵetedwa ndi kuswana jamu ndi currant mitundu.
Zosamalira
Zimapanga zokolola zabwino panthaka yodzaza bwino. Sizingabzalidwe m'malo amchere. Kumasula nthaka kumafunika nthawi yokula. Musalole kuti dothi liume; nyengo yadzuwa, m'pofunika kuthirira.
Mukugwa, muyenera kukonzanso tchire podulira nthambi zachikale.
Mabulosi abulu
M'madera ambiri, amadziwika kuti ndi mabulosi osowa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka kuthengo. Pali chidwi chowonjezeka pakati pa wamaluwa pakukula mitundu yodalirika m'malo awo. Chifukwa cha chisamaliro choyenera, mutha kukhala ndi zipatso zabwino zipatso.
Blueberries amafanana ndi mabulosi abulu m'mawonekedwe.
Mitundu ya mabulosi abulu
- Wamtali mitundu - kumva bwino ngati tchinga. Mitengo yawo imakhala ndi nthambi, zipatso zake ndizolimba, zabuluu kapena zamtambo.
- Mabulosi abulu ochepa - amamasula kwambiri mchaka, amasangalala ndi zokolola zabwino komanso tchire labwino.
- Mitundu yakumwera - idadyedwa ndi kusakanizidwa kuti kulimidwe m'malo otentha.
Zosamalira
Kunyumba, ndi bwino kukula osati zakutchire, koma mitundu yambiri yosinthidwa. Tchire limamera bwino mosasamala njira yobzala ndi mbewu kapena kugawa tchire. Kudulira kumachitika pa tchire la akulu, kuyambira zaka 5-6 za moyo wazomera.
Mabulosi abuluu amakonda kwambiri nthaka, amafunika kupanga nthaka yachonde.
Nyanja buckthorn
Zitsamba zam'madzi zimatha kupezeka pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, ndichifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "munga wam'madzi". Olima wamaluwa odziwa bwino amakwanitsa kukula bwino m'minda yawo. Kugwiritsa ntchito zipatso kumakhala kotakata kwambiri, amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati mankhwala. Mafuta a Sea buckthorn amadziwika kuti ndi ofunika kwambiri.
Mitundu yambiri yamchere yamchere
- Kucha koyambirira, kwapakatikati komanso mochedwa ndi mitundu yamaluwa ya buckthorn.
- Mitundu yazomera - pafupifupi ilibe minga.
- Mitundu yazipatso zazikulu ndimakoma mokoma, ilibe minga.
Zosamalira
Chitsambacho chimabala zipatso ngati chachikazi ndi chachimuna cha sea buckthorn chodzalidwa pafupi... M'nyengo yozizira, imafunika kuphimba nthaka, siyimalekerera bwino chisanu bwino. Kudulira kumachitika mchaka. Chitsamba chazaka 8-12 chimafunikira kukonzanso pansi pa chitsa. Kuthirira mbewu sikofunikira, pokhapokha chilala.
Irga
Chomera chokongola chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chokongoletsera shrub. Ndipo ndi anthu ochepa okha omwe amadziwa momwe zipatso zimakuliramo. Atalawa zipatso za irgi kamodzi, nyakulima amafunadi kudzala chitsamba pamalo ake. Chomeracho sichimangothandiza kokha, komanso chisanu-cholimba, chimapirira nyengo zovuta.
Kukoma kwake, zipatso zamalirizi ndizofanana ndi zamatcheri.
Mitundu ya Irgi
- Alder-leveda irga ndi shrub yomwe imamasula maluwa masika. M'dzinja, masamba amajambulidwa ndi utoto wowala. Kuchokera ku chomera mutha kukwera mpaka 10 kg ya zipatso.
- Canada Irga ndi shrub yayitali, ngati mtengo. Zipatsozi ndi zokoma komanso zokoma.
- Kufiira kwamagazi kwa Irga ndi shrub yopyapyala, yaying'ono. Mitengoyi ndi yowutsa mudyo kwambiri, yokhala ndi khungu lopyapyala, losalimba.
Zosamalira
Amawonedwa ngati chomera chodzichepetsa, sikutanthauza kusamalira. Zitsamba zimakonda madzi okwanira, makamaka nthawi yokula.
Zaka 2-3 zoyambirira ndikofunikira kupanga chitsamba podula. Msinkhu wotsatira, chomeracho chimapatsidwanso mphamvu.
Zipatso zimakopa mbalame; mbewu ziyenera kukololedwa munthawi yake pamene zipsa.
Mukabzala mitundu yambiri yazitsamba, mutha kusiyanitsa mitundu ingapo ya mbande za zipatso m'munda. Ponena za kusankha kwa mbewu, ndizabwino kwambiri kotero kuti sizingatheke kulangiza chilichonse molimba mtima. Mitundu ndi mitundu iyenera kusankhidwa poganizira momwe mbewu zimakhalira.