maulangati zipatso zilizonse, amafunika kupanga korona... Kusungitsa ndi luso lofananira ndi zomangamanga. Wolima dimba amafunika kuti akhale ndi kulingalira kwakanthawi, komanso kudziwa zamankhwala azomera.
Musanayandikire mtengo wokhala ndi mdulidwe, muyenera kumvetsetsa bwino tanthauzo ndi cholinga cha zochita zanu ndipo mukudziwa njira zodulira.
Mitundu ndi njira zopangira korona wolondola
Maula, makamaka achichepere, ndi chomera chomwe chikukula mwachangu kwambiri... Mu nyengo ina yachilimwe-yachilimwe, amatha kutulutsa mphukira zingapo kotero kuti "zimamasula" mopitirira kuzindikira.
Izi sizabwino chabe kuchokera pamalingaliro okongoletsa. Pamutu wosavomerezeka, zipatsozo zimachepa, zimapsa nthawi yayitali, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhudzidwa ndi moniliosis ndi njenjete. Kulimbana kozizira kwa chomerako kumachepa.
Ndichifukwa chake Mtengo wa maula umayenera kusamalidwa kuchokera kubzala.
Pali mitundu isanu yodulira mitengo yazipatso, kutengera cholinga:
- Wopanga... Cholinga ndikupanga korona wa chomeracho.
- Kuwongolera... Cholinga ndikuti mukhalebe okhutiritsa.
- Anti-kukalamba... Cholinga ndikubwezeretsanso zipatso za mtengo wakale.
- Kubwezeretsa... Cholinga ndikuthetsa nthambi zowuma ndi zosweka.
- Zaukhondo... Cholinga ndikuthetsa mphukira zodwala komanso tizilombo.
Mosasamala cholinga, kawirikawiri njira zitatu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito podulira plums:
- Kudula mphete... Mwanjira iyi, nthambi yosafunikira imachotsedwa kwathunthu. Kuphatikiza apo, siyidulidwa ndi thunthu, koma m'malire a annular thickening mpaka pomwe mphukira imalumikizidwa.
- Impso kudula... Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mukafunika kufupikitsa kuwombera ndikuyika njira yakukula. Impso yabwino imasankhidwa pamalo omwe mukufuna, ndipo gawo lowonjezera limachotsedwa ndi pruner. Ndikofunikira kuchita izi mosakhazikika pakatikati pa 45⁰ kuti gawo lakumtunda la dulalo likugwirizana ndi chimake cha impso.
- Tumizani kuthawa kumbali... Ichi ndichinyengo pakusintha kwakukulu panjira yakukula ndi kukana nthambi zosabala. Pachifukwa ichi, chodalirika kwambiri chimasankhidwa kuchokera ku mphukira zam'mbali ndipo kudulidwa kumapangidwa 2-3 mm pamwamba pa cholumikizira chake ("mphete").
Kuti muchite bwino muyenera zida zoyenera. Mndandanda woyenera kukhala nawo umaphatikizapo kudulira, woponda, mahatchi awiri am'munda (akulu ndi ang'ono), mpeni wabwino wam'munda, masitepe ndi phula lamunda.
Malangizo kwa oyamba kumene ndi alimi oyamba kumene: zomangamanga hacksaws sizoyenera! Mabala pambuyo pawo amachira kwambiri.
Kupanga korona wambiri:
Kodi mungadule nthawi yanji nthawi yachisanu ndi yophukira, mawu
Popeza mwakhala mukugwira ntchito ndi zolemba za korona, mutha pezani nthawi yoyenera kudulira maula.
Nthawi zambiri, njirazi zimachitika m'ngululu ndi m'dzinja... Ntchito yeniyeni ndi mitundu ina yamtundu zimadalira msinkhu ndi mtengo wake.
Masika | |
Nthawi yabwino yolumikizana ndi mitengo ndi chiyambi cha masika. Munthawi imeneyi, mbewu ndizosavuta kulekerera "maopareshoni", ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyala maluwa. Nthawi yeniyeni yodulira masika imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi dera. Muyenera kuyendetsa nyengo ndi chitukuko cha impso. Nthawi yabwino ndi pamene chisanu chatha kale, koma masambawo sanayambe kutupa. | |
Mitundu ya ntchito | |
Maula achinyamata | Maula akale |
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Ngati ma plums azaka zosiyanasiyana amakula patsamba lino, ndibwino kuyamba ntchito yamasika ndi achikulire. Mtengo wakale, masamba amadzuka msanga.
Kugwa | |
Kudulira kugwa kumachitika mu Seputembala kapena koyambirira kwa Okutobala, kutengera dera. Nthawi yeniyeni imatsimikizika ndi mtengo wake womwe: maula akangotaya masamba ake, mutha kugwira nawo ntchito. | |
Mitundu ya ntchito | |
Maula achinyamata | Maula akale |
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Simungachite mdulidwe ndi mitundu ina ya mdulidwe ndi chida chomwecho. Pambuyo pochotsa nthambi zodwala, ziyenera kutero muzimutsuka ndi mankhwala a fungicide kapena mowa... Kenako pukutani bwinobwino ndi nsalu yoyera.
Kudula kapena kusadula nthambi kugwa?
Palibe mgwirizano pakati pa wamaluwa wonena za kuthekera kwa kugwiranso ntchito kwanyengo. Pamisonkhano yomwe mungapeze, mwachitsanzo, ndemanga zoterezi:
“Nthawi yozizira isanakwane, agogo anga aamuna adadula mitengo yonse m'mundamo kupatula maula. Momwe ndikumvetsetsa, kudulira zipatso nthawi yophukira kumapangitsa kuti kuziziritsa kuzikhala. "
"Ngati pali chisanu chozizira nthawi yachisanu, chomeracho chimatha kudwala chisanu ndi necrosis m'derali."
Zoonadi, kugwa, muyenera kulowererapo pa moyo wamtengo... Kudulidwa ndi kuchepa kwa mayendedwe sikumachiritsa bwino. Izi ndichifukwa cha momwe thupi limayendera.
Kuchiritsidwa kwa mabala mumtengo chifukwa cha kukula kwa cambium. Maselo a Cambial amagawanika mwachangu, ndikupanga kuchuluka kuzungulira chilondacho - callus. Kukula kwa cambium kumachitika mchaka ndi chilimwe, ndipo pang'onopang'ono imasiya nthawi yophukira.
Ngati simukuganiza nthawi ndi kudula maula mochedwa, chiopsezo cha matenda chimakula kwambiri ndi kuchotsa kwa bala pamtunda. Chomeracho chimachoka m'nyengo yozizira chofooka ndipo sichimalola chisanu.
Chifukwa chake, ngati njira zina zingasinthidwe mpaka masika, ndibwino kusiya maula anu okha. Kuvomerezeka kovomerezeka ndikungodulira mwaukhondo mtengo wodwalayo ndikuchotsa nthambi zosweka.
Kudulira kumachitika bwanji nyengo zina: chilimwe ndi dzinja
Ndibwino kuti musakhudze zipatso zina nthawi yotentha. Maula, m'malo mwake, ndi abwino kudulira nthawi yachilimwe.... Ndi bwino kukonzekera "kumeta tsitsi" mu Juni.
Mutha kuchita izi panthawiyi:
- chotsani mphukira zachisanu osazindikira masika;
- chotsani mphukira zamafuta (zotchedwa "nsonga"), zomwe maula amakonda kutulutsa.
Izi zikwaniritsa zolinga ziwiri: kuletsa kufalikira kwa matenda m'munda ndikuchepetsa kufunika kodulira ukhondo nthawi yogwa.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, kulima minda kwachulukirachulukira Kudulira m'nyengo yozizira... Ndizolondola kwambiri, kuzitcha kuti dzinja-kasupe, chifukwa njirayi imachitika kumapeto kwa February kapena koyambirira kwa Marichi.
Kudulira nyengo yozizira kumakhala kofala kwambiri chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwanyengo, komwe mtengo wa maula umatha kuchitapo ndikadzuka koyambirira.
M'nyengo yozizira, amachita mitundu yonse yachizolowezi yokonza masika.... Nthawi imeneyi ilinso ndi kuphatikiza kwawo: pomwe cambium sinayambe kukula, khungwa limamatira kwambiri kunkhalango, ndipo simungachite mantha kupindika ndikung'amba.
Kudulira nthawi yozizira ya maula kumachitika kokha kumadera otentha. Mtengo suyenera kuvulala ngati pali chiopsezo chobwerera chisanu.
Kudulira masika a maula ndi zipatso zamatcheri:
Njira zodulira ndi ziwembu
Kuti musunge maula molondola, muyenera kulingalira momwe mtengo wa maula wokonzeka bwino umawonekera... Ngati zosiyanazo sizowoneka bwino, ndiye kuti zizikhala mtengo wowoneka bwino, wokhala ndi woyendetsa pakati komanso nthambi za mafupa 4-5 zokonzedwa m'magulu atatu.
Kutalika kwa magalasi kumachepetsa - kutsika ndikokulirapo kuposa kwamtunda. Nthambi zamagulu sizimachoka pamtengo pachimake. Korona siinakhute, mphukira zimakula panja, osati mkati.
Mukamalingalira "ntchito" yamtsogolo yamtengowo, mutha kuyipanga.
Kudulira pambuyo pa mbewu zazomera zazing'ono
"Makanda" a chaka chimodzi samakhala nthambi, choncho, ndi bwino kuyamba kukweza mtengo wanu kuyambira m'badwo uno. Mukungoyenera kudziwa kukula kwa maula mtsogolo ndikudula tsinde pamtunda womwe mukufuna.
Kuti mupeze mtengo wophatikizika, ndikwanira kusiya mita 1-1.2 pamwamba panthaka.
Ana azaka ziwiri kale ali ndi mphukira zammbali... Muyenera kuyendera mmera, fufuzani ngati woyang'anira pakati wadulidwa. Ngati sichoncho, yafupikitsidwa mpaka kutalika kwake.
Kenako, kuchokera kuzowonjezera zotsalira zotsalira, otukuka kwambiri amasankhidwa. Amafupikitsidwa ndi 25-30 cm kuchokera pa thunthu. Awa ndi nthambi za mafupa, tsogolo la korona... Kuduladaku kumapangidwa pamphukira yapansi kuti nthambi isakwere mmwamba, koma chammbali.
Zoyambira kuyambira zaka 3
Pamtengo wazaka zitatu, mafupa amawombera ali kale nthambi bwino. Muyenera kugwira nawo ntchito motere:
- Dulani zophuka za apical mpaka kutalika kwa 30 cm.
- Chotsatira - mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 15.
Zigawo zonse zimapangidwanso pa impso yapansi.... Cholinga ndikukhazikitsa njira yakukula kwa mphukira kunja. Pachifukwa ichi, korona adzakhala wowala, osakhuthala, nthambi iliyonse izilandira dzuwa lokwanira.
Fomuyi ndi imodzi mwazosavuta kwambiri. Kusamalira mtengo wopangidwa motere sikuvuta. M'tsogolomu, amangofunikira kuwongolera momwe angadulire. Ntchito yamtunduwu imayenera kuchitika chaka chilichonse kuti mtengo usachulukane.
Nthawi zina maula achichepere amatha kumasula mpikisanowu kwa oyendetsa pakati. Iyenera kudulidwa. Ndikofunikanso kuchotsa mphukira zonse zomwe zikukula mkati mwa korona, ndi "nsonga" zowongoka.
Ngati nthawi zonse mumayang'anira ngalandezo, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito fayiloyi pokhapokha ngati mwadzidzidzi. Kwenikweni, mutha kuthamangitsana ndi osavuta ndi odulira.
Kudulidwa kulikonse ndi bala lotseguka pathupi lamtengo... Iyenera kusindikizidwa ndi varnish wam'munda. Idzateteza chomeracho kuti chisaume, matenda komanso kuchotsa chingamu.
Kudulira ma plums achichepere:
Kukonzanso mtengo wakale
Ma plums ambiri amabala pafupifupi zaka 15-20... Mutha kutulutsa zipatso, kutsitsimutsanso maula, ngati mutadulira mtengowo munthawi yake.
Izi zachitika kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi malinga ndi chiwembu chotsatira:
- Kutalika kwa korona kumatsika... Pachifukwa ichi, nthambi zakumtunda zimadulidwa kutalika kwake ndikusamutsira mphukira zabwino zomwe zimakula panja. Ngati mwanyalanyazidwa, mutha kudula nthambi zam'mwamba kwambiri "mu mphete" kuti muchepetse pakati ndikuwongola korona.
- Kuchotsa mphukira zowirira... Zonsezi zimayang'ana pakatikati pa korona, kapena zolukidwa. Nthawi yomweyo, nthambi youma, yofooka komanso yowonongeka imachotsedwa.
- Kuchotsa mphukira zolendeweraakubwera kuchokera ku thunthu kapena nthambi za gawo lotsika.
- Kufupikitsa nthambi zamagulu, kusamutsa kukula kukhala mphukira yabwino yotsatira.
- Kuchotsa "nsonga" zosafunikira.
Maula ndi ovuta kwambiri kuchiritsa mabala ndi m'mimba mwake opitilira 5 cm... Chifukwa chake, simuyenera kupanga mabala akuluakulu angapo nthawi imodzi. Ndi bwino kuswa njira zotsutsana ndi ukalamba mu "magawo" angapo pakanthawi pachaka.
Kudulira ndi kutchukitsa mitengo kumawoneka kovuta poyamba. M'malo mwake, wolima dimba aliyense amatha luso la korona.
Monga bonasi, sadzalandira zokolola zabwino komanso munda wathanzi, komanso malo owonjezera patsamba lino. Maula okonzedwa bwino amatenga malo ochepakuposa kukula mosasamaliridwa, ndipo kumabweretsa chisangalalo chokongoletsa.