Poyamba, amakhulupirira kuti nkhaka zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kudzichepetsa muukadaulo waulimi, zimakula zokha. Ichi ndi chinyengo; sizokayikitsa kuti kudzakhala kotheka kulima zipatso zabwino za nkhaka m'malo ovuta azachilengedwe ndikudzidzimutsa kwanyengo. Koma ngati mungaganizire upangiri wamaluwa odziwa ntchito, ndiye kuti mutha kusonkhanitsa masamba ambiri nthawi yonse yotentha, mpaka nyengo yozizira isanayambike.
Kufesa mbewu pamalo otseguka
Ndizotheka kupeza zokolola zazikulu m'munda mwanu ngati mutsatira ukadaulo ndikuwongolera munthawi yake. Malamulo akulu aukadaulo waulimi ndi awa:
- kubzala zinthu zabwino kwambiri,
- kusankha mitundu ndi mbewu, kukonzekera kubzala;
- Kukonzekera nthaka (umuna ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo);
- dongosolo la kufesa mbewu, mmera;
- kuthirira;
- kumasula ndi kupalira;
- mayikidwe a mavalidwe;
- kupewa matenda;
- kusonkhanitsa zipatso.
Nkhaka amakonda nthaka yopanda thanzi, choncho amayamba kukonzekera malowa, makamaka ngati kubzala kumachitika poyera. Tsamba lonselo lidakumbidwa losakanizidwa ndi manyowa ndi humus. M'chaka, nthaka imayenera kukumbidwanso ndikuthiridwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe. Kufesa kumatha kuyambitsidwa patatha masiku 7-10. Musanadzalemo, kuthira tizilombo kumachitika mwa kuthirira mabedi ndi yankho lochepa la potaziyamu permanganate.
Pokonzekera nthaka, muyenera kudziwa acidity yake. Pachifukwa ichi, pepala la litmus limagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndi chizindikiritso chowonjezeka, chilengedwe cha acidic chiyenera kuchepetsedwa poyambitsa ufa wa dolomite kapena laimu wosweka m'nthaka.
Asanafese, nyembazo zimera kuti zizipeza msanga. Zitsanzo zophukira zokha ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mbeu zimayikidwa m'nthaka ndi masentimita 2-3. Mukamabzala mbande, mbewuzo zimagawidwa pa mbande 3-4 pa 1 m2.
Kutsirira kumachitika kokha ndi madzi ofunda, madzi ozizira amalepheretsa kukula kwa chomeracho. Asanawonekere zipatso, kuthirira kumachitika kamodzi pa masiku 2-3, chiyambi cha mapangidwe a zipatso, mphamvuyo imakulirakulira tsiku ndi tsiku. Ndikofunika kuti madzi asayende pansi.
Pachiyambi choyamba cha mapangidwe a mbewu, m'pofunika kuti nthawi zonse muzimasuka, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa ndi kupalira. Namsongole wambiri pafupi ndi nkhaka ndi owopsa pa chomeracho, chifukwa chake simuyenera kuyambitsa mabedi.
Sabata imodzi mutabzala mbande kapena mbande, feteleza amayambitsidwa. Njira yothetsera vutoli imakonzedwa potengera zinthu izi:
- chidebe chamadzi;
- 10 g wa ammonium nitrate;
- 10 ga superphosphate;
- 10 g wa potaziyamu mchere.
Kugwiritsa ntchito: 1 litre pa 1 chitsamba.
Pambuyo pa milungu iwiri, zakudya zowonjezera zowonjezera zimayambitsidwa, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mchere kawiri pa 10 malita a madzi.
Zinthu zabwino zokolola zambiri
Kuonjezera zokolola, chidwi chiyenera kulipiridwa pazinthu zonse zomwe zimakhudza kukula ndi kukula kwa nkhaka.
Malamulo abzalidwe molingana ndi kalendala ya mwezi mu Meyi ndi Juni
Olima minda ambiri amakonza mbande ndi kubzala mbande potengera masiku omwe kalendala yoyambira mwezi imalimbikitsa. Monga asayansi amakono adazindikira, mwezi umakhudzanso kukula kwa mbewu ndipo umatha kumeretsa kumera. Mfundo yokhazikitsira ndikudalira kuti mbewu zonse zapamtunda ndizotopetsa kubzala mwezi ukatha, ndikukhazikitsa mbewu mwezi ukatha. Malinga ndi zikhulupiriro zambiri, mwezi wathunthu ndi masiku angapo otsatira, simungabzale kapena kubzala kalikonse. Koma mwezi watsopano, ndi nthawi yobzala mbewu zakuthambo.
Kusankha mitundu yabwino kwambiri yazokolola zambiri
Kukonzekera makamaka kumadalira nkhaka zosiyanasiyana, koma posankha, ndikofunikira kulingalira momwe nyengo ilili m'derali komanso momwe mitundu yosankhidwayo ikukula. Odyetsa akuyesetsa kwambiri kuti adzaze msika ndi mitundu yotchedwa chilengedwe, yomwe imadziwika ndi zokolola zambiri komanso chitetezo champhamvu. Zina mwa izi:
- Masha;
- Zozulya;
- Kulimbika;
- Pinocchio;
- Kibriya, ndi zina.
Feteleza, kuvala ndi kuphimba
Mukamakula nkhaka, feteleza wamafuta ndi mchere amagwiritsidwa ntchito povala. Malinga ndi njira yoyamba, iwo ndi masamba ndi mizu. Aliyense amasankha njira zoyenera kuthira manyowa, koma akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti azisinthana.
Zonsezi, mavalidwe anayi amapangidwa:
- 2 masabata mutabzala;
- kumayambiriro kwa mapangidwe a inflorescences;
- mkati mwa zipatso;
- Pakadutsa milungu iwiri.
Pofuna kuteteza dothi kuti lisaume, mabedi amatetedwa. Utuchi, peat kapena manyowa owuma amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mulch. Malo oterewa amaletsa kukula kwa namsongole, zomwe zimachepetsa kupalira kwa udzu.
Osabzala nthaka ndi udzu wongodulidwa kumene, imatha kupatsira mbewu za masamba ndi matenda.
Kulimbikitsa mizu
Kuti mukhale ndi zipatso zazitali, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi khungwa lamphamvu. Chomeracho chimafunika kuthandizidwa kuti chikhale ndi mizu yopatsa chidwi. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kukanikiza tsinde pansi ndikuwaza nthaka.
Kutaya tchire lowonda
Pochita kuyendera mabedi pafupipafupi, muyenera kuchotsa masamba, masikono ndi zipatso zowonongeka tchire, zimachepetsa kubereka kwa mbeu. Komanso, zikwapu zowonda zimawonedwa ngati zopanda phindu pamunda.Zomwe zimayambitsa kusakhazikika bwino zimatha kukhala zokhudzana ndi matenda kapena zovuta zina zomwe zimapezeka bwino. Nthaka yomwe mbewuyo idalima iyenera kuthandizidwa ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate.
Konzani kukanikiza
Kupititsa patsogolo kumachitika ngati chikwapu chabwino chapangidwa, koma chopanda zipatso. Pachifukwa ichi, m'masamba asanu oyamba, mphukira zam'mbali ndi thumba losunga mazira m'mitsempha ya masamba atatu oyamba zimachotsedwa. Dulani mosamala ndi chida chakuthwa kuti musawononge tsinde ndi zina. Ndikoyenera kuchita izi pamene kutalika kwa masitepewo kufika 3-6 cm.
Lash garter iyenera kuchitidwa kuti amadyera ndi zimayambira sizivunda chifukwa chinyezi chowonjezera. Kuphatikiza apo, nkhaka zimakonda kuwala, komwe kumaperekedwa ndi mabedi ofukula kwathunthu. Ndikosavuta kupanga trellis: kuyendetsa zogwirizira pansi m'mphepete mwa mzere, mangani zingwe pa iwo ndikutsitsa chingwe pambali pawo, chomwe chimatsalira mozungulira tsinde (osati cholimba!) Kangapo.
Zochita zina zowonjezera zokolola
Kuphatikiza pa malamulo ovomerezeka aukadaulo waulimi, olima minda ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zinsinsi zawo kuti akolole zokolola. Mwa othandiza, komanso chofunikira kwambiri kutsimikiziridwa, malangizo otsatirawa amaonekera.
- Musanadzalemo mbande, muyenera kuyang'ana nthaka. Ndi madzi okwera pansi, m'pofunika kusinthana ndi mbewu zomwe zikukula mu wowonjezera kutentha wokhala ndi makina okonzera ngalande. Kapenanso, gwiritsani ntchito hydrogel yomwe imakoka chinyezi chochulukirapo.
- Chomeracho ndi thermophilic. Ambiri saganiza ngakhale kuti ndizosatheka kuthirira madzi apampope kapena zitsime, chifukwa izi zimachepetsa nthawi yobala zipatso. Madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ayenera kuthetsedwa mkati mwa 23-24 madigiri.
- Kutolera zipatso kuyenera kuchitidwa pafupipafupi, zilibe kanthu kuti ndi tsiku lililonse kapena kamodzi masiku awiri. Kusasinthasintha kumathandizira kuchepa kwa zokolola. Mukasonkhanitsa, muyenera kuthana ndi zotupa, kuvulala pa tsinde kapena nthambi zimakhudzanso zipatso.
- Nkhaka zimafuna mpweya woipa wa photosynthesis. Mukakulira mu wowonjezera kutentha, kusowa kwake kumawonekera, chifukwa chake pamakhala kufunika kokonzanso. Izi ndizosavuta kuchita: mulch nthaka ndi manyowa (masentimita 3-5 masentimita), kuyatsa chowotchera mpweya kwakanthawi, kapena kufalitsa zidutswa za madzi oundana pabedi.
- Kudyetsa mkaka kumathandizira kukula kwa chomeracho, komanso kulimbitsa chitetezo chamthupi. Milungu iwiri iliyonse, mkaka wosungunuka ndi madzi mu 1: 2 ratio amabayidwa pamzu.
- Zokolola zimakhudzidwa ndi mbewu zoyandikana nazo. Ena amateteza nkhaka ku tizirombo ndi matenda, ena amachepetsa zipatso. Tikulimbikitsidwa kubzala nyemba (nyemba, katsitsumzukwa, nandolo), tsabola, mabilinganya, ndi zina zambiri.
Kalendala yoyendetsera mwezi yobzala nkhaka za 2018
Malinga ndi kalendala yoyendera mwezi mu 2018, ntchito yolowera ikutsimikiziridwa ndi manambala:
- mbewu zakumtunda - February (16-28), Marichi (17-29), Epulo (16-28);
- mbewu zazu - February (1-15), Marichi (3-16), Epulo (1-15).
Poganizira gulu la zodiacal, labwino pakukula kwa nkhaka, tikulimbikitsidwa kubzala: mu Marichi kuyambira 19 mpaka 24 ndi 27.28; mu Epulo kuyambira 5 mpaka 9 komanso kuyambira 20 mpaka 24.
Tsikuli malinga ndi kalendala yoyendera mwezi limasankhidwa poganizira momwe nyengo ilili komanso mtundu wa chikhalidwe. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yabwino kutsika atha kukhala koyambirira kwa Meyi.
M'madera ena, Juni yekha ndiye woyenera kutsika. Malangizo ndi zidule zomwe zafotokozedwazo ndizotheka komanso zotheka, kotero kuti kukolola bwino kwatsopano kuli m'manja mwa wolima dimba. M'chaka chopindulitsa, musaphonye mwayi wopeza zipatso zingapo m'munda wam'munda kapena m'minda.