Chisa cha chimanga, chopangidwa ndi tirigu wagolide wagolide, chakhala chosankha chodziwika kwazaka zambiri. Potengera kuchuluka kwa mavitamini, zinthu zazing'ono ndi zazikulu, ndiye imodzi mwa malo otsogola pakati pa tirigu, ndikofunikira Ili m'gulu lachitatu pambuyo pa tirigu ndi mpunga... Kodi mbiri yakuyambika ndikufalikira kwa mbewuyi ndi yotani komanso zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti zimakondedwa padziko lonse lapansi.
Kutchulidwa koyamba ndi mbiriyakale ya chitukuko, komwe kudabadwira tirigu
Dziko lakwawo la chimanga chotsekemera ndichamerika. Malongosoledwe ake oyamba anali a zaka za 2-III BC. Amwenye akale amagwiritsa ntchito chikhalidwe chawo pachakudya chowotcha, chophika, amapangira ufa wophika mikate yopanda pake, amapanga vinyo ndi ma syrups osiyanasiyana ochokera ku mbewu zomwe zaphuka. Zokwanira kunena kuti Amwenye ankawona mulungu wobala Tlaloc ngati mulungu wa chimanga. Ngakhale zinali choncho, anali chomera cholimidwa ndipo mitundu yake yakuthengo sichidziwika.
Zachidziwikire, Columbus ndiye woyamba kubweretsa "chimanga" ku Europe atapeza America. Kuchokera ku Spain ndi Portugal, chikhalidwechi chidafalikira kudera lonse la Eurasia, ndikuyamba kukulira ngakhale ku Africa. Ukraine ndi m'modzi mwa atsogoleri aku Europe pankhani yolima chimanga. Anthu aku Spain adamupatsa dzina lonyenga - "kukucho", lomwe limatanthauza "hood lakuthwa".
Umboni wofunikira kuti njere iyi ndi yofunika kwambiri kwa anthu ndikulimidwa kwakukulu: chimanga chataya mphamvu yake yosamba mbewu ndikudzibereketsa, ndipo mbewu zake zobzala ziyenera kusungidwa mosamala muzipinda zowuma, apo ayi zimawonongeka ndikulephera kumera.
Kuwonekera kwa chomera chomwe chingalimidwe pomwe chimatha kulimidwa
Masiku ano, chimanga ndi imodzi mwa mbewu zomwe zimalimidwa kwambiri m'maiko oposa 60 padziko lapansi. Izi zidachitika chifukwa chakutha kwake kusintha nyengo zosiyanasiyana ndipo zidapangitsa kuti pakhale mitundu yambiri yazomera ndi mitundu yake komanso zokolola zake zambiri.
Mbewu (chimanga) ndi therere lapachaka lokhala ndi muzu wamphamvu, mpaka kutalika kwa mita 3. Tsinde lake ndilolowera mkati, lolimba kwambiri, lokutidwa ndi masamba ataliatali, kuchokera ku zisa zomwe zitsamba zimakula. Chifukwa cha pulasitiki - kutha kusintha ndi kusintha - magwiridwe antchito a chimanga amasinthasintha kutengera komwe amakulira:
- kutalika - 80 cm mpaka 6 mita;
- chiwerengero cha masamba - kuyambira zidutswa 8 mpaka 40;
- chisononkho kutalika - kuchokera 4 mpaka 50 cm;
- Kulemera kwa khutu limodzi kumachokera 30 g mpaka 0,5 kg.
Kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa maso pa chisononkho kumasiyananso.
Ubwino wa mbewu za chimanga m'thupi la munthu
Potengera kapangidwe kake ka mankhwalawa, phala ili ndilopadera - zinthu 26 za pagome la periodic kuphatikiza mavitamini ochulukirapo. Mbewu zagolide ndizotsogola pazitsulo - 3700 μg, zinc - 1750 μg, manganese - 1100 μg. Potaziyamu, phosphorous, calcium, magnesium, sodium, ayodini, golide, selenium, mafuta osakwaniritsidwa, ma asidi ndi disaccharides, phulusa, wowuma kwambiri wa wowuma ndi folic acid (B9), mavitamini a gulu B, PP, C, E - izi sizinafike mndandanda wathunthu wazinthu zothandiza, komanso zongowonjezekera m'thupi la munthu.
Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti chimanga chimakhala ndi zakudya zambiri komanso zachilengedwe, chimangoyamwa ndi thupi, chifukwa chake chimathandiza pakudya.
Ndi kalori yapakati, mankhwalawa amatha kukhathamiritsa thupi, kuchepetsa njala, chifukwa chake imathandizira kumwa ngakhale ndi kunenepa kwambiri.
Ndizosangalatsa kuti njere zamzitini zamzitini zimasunga zinthu zonse zofunika. Chofunika kwambiri mukaphika. Langizo: Nthawi zonse wiritsani makutu opanda mchere, apo ayi nyemba zidzauma komanso kulimba. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kapadera chikhalidwe cha zaka mazana ambiri chimapindulitsa anthu:
- normalizes ntchito zamanjenje, zimathandiza kuthana ndi nkhawa;
- Mavitamini B1 okwanira amapereka thanzi labwino, amachepetsa kutopa, kutopa msanga, kukwiya, amawongolera dongosolo logaya chakudya - 150 g ya chimanga imakhala ndi kotala la mtengo watsiku ndi tsiku wa thianine (B1);
- vitamini E amapereka antioxidant katundu, amathandiza kutalikitsa unyamata, amaletsa kufooka kwa ziwalo;
bwino kugwira ntchito kwa mtima dongosolo, amachepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa; - amathandiza kubwezeretsa kagayidwe.
Kufotokozera Kwantchito
Choyamba, ndi khutu lophika. Onse akulu akulu ndi ana amawadya mosangalala kwambiri. Chimanga chamzitini chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza saladi ndi mbale. Mafuta a chimanga ndi othandiza kwambiri - antioxidant wamphamvu, omwe amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa saladi, kuphika, kukazinga ndi kuphika.
Momwemonso, nyemba zokazinga - zimakhala zathanzi kwambiri kuposa chimanga cham'chitini mukaphika popanda kuthira mchere, shuga, ndi mafuta a masamba.
Zomwe zimayambira zimapezeka pakupanga ulusi wopangira, guluu, mapepala, zomangira, kulongedza, ndipo ndizovuta kutchulanso kwina.
Kutsekemera kwa chimanga - tsitsi lozungulira chisononkho - ndi mankhwala ofunikira ndipo amathandizira ndi cholecystitis, matenda a chiwindi, miyala ya impso, matenda ashuga, matenda oopsa, komanso amakhala ndi diuretic. Ndipo mosasamala kanthu momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mapulogalamu angati, mungaiwale kena kake.
Momwe mungapezere zokolola zambiri pa hekitala
Ndi mbewu yotchuka kwambiri, chifukwa imasinthasintha nyengo ndi nyengo, imakhala ndi zokolola zambiri komanso imagwiritsa ntchito mitundu ingapo.
Alimi omwe amalima mbewu iyi amayesetsa kukolola zochuluka kwambiri.
Zokolola zimatengera zinthu zambiri:
- mbewu zosiyanasiyana, kubzala cholinga (tirigu, silage);
- nthaka, kukhathamira kwake ndi mpweya (ndikofunikira kulima mpaka kuya kwa 25-30 cm);
- nyengo;
- kuthekera kothirira osachepera kawiri (mitundu ina - kuthirira 3-4).
M'mikhalidwe yabwino yaulimi, mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ku Russia imapereka zokolola zambiri:
- zosiyanasiyana Lakomka - mpaka masenti 50 pa hekitala;
- Mzimu kalasi - 70ts pa hekitala.
Zokolola zabwino zimapangidwa ndi mitundu yakunyumba Corsair, Bemo182, Gulu 181, Dokuchaevsky. Kuti mukwaniritse zokolola zambiri, ndikofunikira kuthira nthaka ndi feteleza (matani 40 a manyowa pa hekitala imodzi), kugwiritsa ntchito mchere munthawi yonse yokula. Musanadzalemo, onetsetsani kuti mwawononga namsongole, apo ayi sadzalola kuti njere zimere. Zotsogola ziyenera kukhala mbatata, nyemba, nyemba, nyemba zamchere, kapena clover. Kunyumba yachilimwe, m'munda, kumasula nthaka nthawi zonse ndi kuthirira panthawi yake kumakhala kothandiza.
Mosakayikira, chimanga ndi mbewu yambewu yokhayokha, chifukwa chake yakhala ikulimidwa kwa zaka masauzande angapo ndipo ikadali m'modzi mwa atsogoleri atatu mu chimanga padziko lathuli.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zadzuwa tsiku ndi tsiku mpaka 100-150g kumakupatsani chisangalalo ndi phindu kwa thupi lonse.