Kangaude ndi imodzi mwazirombo zowopsa za mbewu zomwe zimalimidwa, mbande zawo ndi maluwa amkati. Zingakhudze mbewu m'munda, wowonjezera kutentha, ngakhale m'nyumba mwanu pawindo.
Ndipo ngakhale kukula kwa tizilombo ndikuchepa kwambiri, nkhupakayi imatha kuwononga zosatheka za zomera, kuphatikizapo kupha. Izi ndichifukwa choti kachilomboka kali ndi chonde kwambiri ndipo kali ndi "njala" yabwino ndipo imatha kukhudza tomato ndi nkhaka, ndi mbewu zina.
Chifukwa chotha kupanga ndodo yopyapyala, miteyo idatchedwa "kangaude". M'nkhaniyi, tiwona njira ndi njira zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito polimbana ndi kuchotsa tizilombo.
Kodi kangaude amachita mbande zanji?
Kangaude amakonda "kudya" mbande za banja la Solanaceae... Nthawi zambiri, zakudya zake zimaphatikizapo tomato, tsabola, mabilinganya ndi nkhaka. Madontho ang'onoang'ono achikaso amawonekera pamitsempha ikuluikulu yamasamba - malo oluma. Popita nthawi, amasintha, ndipo pamwamba pake amakhala ndi ndodo, pomwe tizilombo timayenda. Mite nthawi zambiri amatenga kumtunda kwa mbande, kuyesera kuyamwa madziwo m'masamba. Ngati tizilombo sitikuwonedwa munthawi yake, mutha kudikirira kuti sizingasinthike, pomwe sipadzakhalanso zotheka kupulumutsa mbewu.
Zomwe zimachitika
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tonse timafunikira zinthu zofunikira kuti tithe kubereka mwachangu komanso chitukuko. Pankhani ya akangaude, uku ndikutentha kwambiri komanso mpweya wouma. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatha kugunda pamwamba pa nthaka, m'masamba owuma owuma, wowonjezera kutentha (makamaka m'makona ake), komanso pansi pazenera pazenera lanu.
Ndizosatheka kuteteza zomera ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Chifukwa amatha kupita kuchikhalidwe ngakhale ndi mphepo yamkuntho.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kangaude amathanso kuwoneka kunyumba, ngakhale kulingalira zakuti kukolola kwa nthaka ndikukonzekera mbewu zokha kumachitika m'nyumba. Chilichonse pano chagona mikhalidwe yomwe idapangidwa komanso zinthu zakunja, mwachitsanzo, monga tanena kale za mphepo.
Chokhacho chomwe chingachitike ndikutenga njira zodzitetezera kuti tipewe tizirombo. Yang'anirani chomeracho, ndipo mukangoona zizindikiro za nthata, chotsani masamba omwe awonongeka nthawi yomweyo. Kukonza mbewu munthawi yake ndi njira zapadera kuthetseratu vutoli ndikupulumutsa zokolola.
Zotsatira zakuwonongeka kwa kangaude ku mbande
Kangaudeyo imabweretsa mavuto osasinthika kumitengo iliyonse, kuphatikizapo mbande zawo. Zimabweretsa kuwonongedwa kwa gawo lina la maselo, kuchepa kwa dera komanso kukula kwa njira ya photosynthesis, ndikupangitsa kuti ma nightshades akhale pachiwopsezo cha matenda osiyanasiyana. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa sikuti amangodyetsa chomeracho, komanso chimakhala chonyamula matenda opatsirana. Izi ndi spores wa imvi zowola ndi matenda ena opatsirana a ulimi mbewu.
Ngati kangaude yayambitsa mbande ngakhale maluwawo asanawonekere ndipo mankhwalawa sanachitike, ndiye kuti mazira ambiri sangapangidwe konse. Chifukwa chake, sipadzakhala zokolola. Munthawi imeneyi, chomeracho chimakhala pachiwopsezo cha matenda ena, bowa, ndi matenda. Imakula kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo imabala zipatso moperewera, ndipo pamapeto pake imatha kufa.
Muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa chitsamba chilichonse cha mbande, ndipo ndikuwoneka kwa mbewu zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka, ziyenera kukhala kwayokha. Ndi bwino kuchotsa mbande zotere kutali ndi mbewu zabwino, ndikuzisamalira.
Kodi kuchitira phwetekere, tsabola ndi biringanya mbande ku tizilombo?
Mankhwala atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi nthata za kangaude. Imeneyi ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri, ndipo ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kwa mbande. Chinthu chachikulu ndichokumbukira kuti mazira a tizilombo amalimbana ndi njira zapadera kuposa anthu athanzi. Ndipo tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tithe tchire kangapo ndikumapuma pang'ono masiku angapo.
Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito ma acaricides ndi insectoacaricides ngati mankhwala.
Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowerengera
Pali njira zambiri zothanirana ndi kangaude pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosakanikirana, zitsamba zosiyanasiyana ndi zomera. Tiyeni tione zazikulu:
- kwa malita 5 amadzi, konzekerani 0,5 kg ya masamba owuma ndi zimayambira za henbane wakuda. Siyani zolembedwazo kuti mupatse maola 12, kenako muzisefa ndikuwonjezera 30 g wa sopo wamadzi. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito sopo wa grated;
- Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito henbane wakuda watsopano. Kuti muchite izi, tsitsani makilogalamu atatu a mbewuyo ndi madzi owiritsa pang'ono ndikusiya kulowetsedwa kwa maola atatu. Zonse zikangozizira, kapangidwe kake kamayenera kusefedwa ndikuwonjezera madzi pamlingo wa malita 10;
- konzani 0,3 makilogalamu a mizu ya dandelion kapena 0,5 kg ya masamba a dandelion. Dzazani kutentha konse kwamadzi osapitirira 40 digiri Celsius kwa maola atatu. Pambuyo pothinana, kulowetsedwa kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo izi zimachitika katatu: akangoyamba masamba a mbande, maluwawo atayamba kutuluka, komanso milungu iwiri pambuyo pake;
- Kulowetsedwa kwa adyo kunadziwonetsera bwino, zomwe muyenera kuthira 0,5 kg ya adyo wodulidwa ndi 3 malita a madzi. Tikulimbikitsidwa kunena kuti zikuyimbidwa kwa masiku atatu m'malo otentha. Izi zimapangitsa kulowetsedwa kokhazikika. Pofafaza pamalita 5 amadzi, amangofunika ma g 50. Komanso, musanagwiritse ntchito, muyenera kuwonjezera 50 g wina wa sopo wamadzimadzi.
Tikulimbikitsidwa kupopera mbande za phwetekere ndi mbewu zina ndi infusions wowerengeka ndi mayankho ake madzulo, pomwe kulibe dzuwa lotentha. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonjezera kwa sopo kumachitika nthawi yomweyo musanagwiritse ntchito kapangidwe kake ndipo kumathandiza kuthana ndi ulusi. Pali maphikidwe ambiri pomwe zomera zakupha zimapezeka. Poterepa, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa mbeu ndi zitsamba kuti zisangovulaza chomera chokha, komanso munthu amene akupopera mankhwala.
Ngati mbande zikuyenera kubzalidwa pamtunda, katsabola kangabzalidwe pafupi ndi mbande. Zithandizira kuteteza tizilombo. Ndipo maluwa ake adzadziyitanira okha madona, omwe amasangalala kudya kangaude.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera kunyumba
Olima wamaluwa amalangiza zothandiza kusamalira mbewu ndi othandizira pakulimbana ndi akangaude, koma ngati sangapereke zomwe mukufuna, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera. Poterepa, ndikofunikira kupopera mankhwala ndi Bitoxibacillin, Fitoverm kapena colloidal sulfure. Pomwe zosankhazi sizinagwire ntchito, mverani njira yothetsera ma acaricide - Actellika, Omayt, Neoron, Sunmayt, Talstar, Flumayt, Fufanon. Mwazina, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo polimbana ndi akangaude a currant.
Kangaude ndi kachilombo koopsa kwambiri komwe kangayambitse kufa kwa mbande. Ndicho chifukwa chake tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzisamala mosamala mbeu zanu, ndipo pamene zizindikilo zoyambirira za matenda zikuwonekera, zithandizeni nthawi yomweyo ndi njira zofunika. Izi zidzakutetezani kuti musataye mbewu.