Olima minda ambiri achichepere amakhulupirira molakwika kuti zomera zimafunika kudyetsa koyambirira kwa nyengo yokula ndipo zimangokhala feteleza mchaka. Komabe, kutha kwa nyengo nthawi zonse kumatsagana ndi ntchito yokonzekera chikhalidwe cha nyengo yachisanu. Ndipo imodzi mwazinthu zofunikira ndikubweretsa chophatikiza cha michere kuti chilimbitse mizu ndi chitetezo chokwanira.
Kufunika kwa umuna wothira mitengo yazipatso m'nyengo yozizira
Kukulitsa nthaka ndi michere mu nthawi yophukira kumalola kuti mbewu zizilandira zinthu zofunikira, zomwe zimalimbitsa ntchito zoteteza, ngakhale nyengo yozizira isanayambike. Mtengo wolimba umabisala popanda kutayika kwambiri ndipo umalowa m'nyengo yokula, ndikuponyera mphukira zatsopano ndi masamba. Kusakhala ndi nkhawa kumalimbikitsa maluwa ambiri komanso nthawi yayitali yobala zipatso. Chitetezo chokwanira chimapereka kukana kuukira kwa tizilombo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Posankha mankhwala a feteleza, kapena osakaniza mchere, muyenera kutsatira miyezo yoyenera. Chakudya chochuluka sichiyenera kutero.
Pa mtundu uliwonse wamtengo wazipatso, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito chisakanizo chonse kapena mudzidziwe bwino mitengo yamafuta amchere.
- Kwa ma apricot, yamatcheri kapena maula, chakudya chamadzi chimakhala choyenera., wopangidwa ndi 2 st. l. potaziyamu sulphate, 3 tbsp. superphosphate ndi zidebe zamadzi. Chomera chimodzi chimadya zidebe zinayi zothetsera.
- Ndi bwino manyowa a quince owuma, kugawa magalamu 30 pamwamba pa tsinde. superphosphate ndi 20 gr. mchere wa potaziyamu (pa 1 m2).
- Pofuna kuthirira nthaka yomwe mapichesi amakula, muyenera magalamu 110-150. superphosphate ndi 45-65 gr. mchere wa potaziyamu. Zinthu zamchere zimaphatikizidwa munthaka pambali pa tsinde.
Nthawi yodyetsera yophukira
Ndikotheka kugwira ntchito yokonzekera kubzala m'nyengo yozizira yonse Seputembala komanso gawo la Okutobala, mpaka chisanu choyamba. Koma sizoyeneranso kuchedwetsa njirayi munthawi yake, chomeracho chimatenga nthawi kuti chipange michere yomwe imalandira pokonza. Ngati mulemeretsa nthaka musanakhazikitse nyengo yozizira, mtengowo sudzakhala ndi nthawi yolimba, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kudyetsa sikungathandize.
Musanagwiritse ntchito chisakanizo cha michere, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyeretsa nthaka pamasamba omwe agwa, kudula nthambi zowuma ndi zowonongeka, ndikukonzanso zowononga pamtengo, ngati zilipo. Komanso, kukonzekera kumaphatikizapo kukumba mu mbiya mozungulira mozungulira pang'ono kuposa fosholo. Zotsatira zake ndi bwalo lapafupi ndi thunthu.
Momwe mungathalire manyowa asanafike nyengo yachisanu
Pali mitundu ingapo ya feteleza, iliyonse yomwe imayenera kuyang'aniridwa. Musanagwiritse ntchito, sizingakhale zofunikira kuti mudziwe bwino zaubwino wa njira imodzi kuti musankhe kudya koyenera.
Mavalidwe amchere mu Seputembala ndi Okutobala
Zakudya zamtundu uwu zimakhala ndimapangidwe osavuta azinthu zomwe zili zotetezeka ku zomera ndi chilengedwe. Feteleza amchere omwe alipo amapezeka kuti amagawika m'magulu osavuta komanso ovuta. Matanthauzirowa ali ndi zofunikira, popeza ngakhale njira zosavuta zimakhala ndi michere yokwanira yachitukuko cha chikhalidwe. Zipangidwe zovuta zimakhala ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu 2-3 ndi zina zingapo, zomwe zimaperekedwa pang'ono.
Timadontho titha kufalikira padziko lapansi mozungulira thunthu la mtengowo, kenako ndikuthirira ndikuthira, kapena kusungunuka m'madzi kuthirira chomeracho.
Pofuna kudyetsa nthawi yophukira, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yotsatirayi ya feteleza amchere:
- zovuta;
- potashi;
- phosphoric.
Phosphorus mankhwala a mitengo ya zipatso
Manyowa otchuka kwambiri a phosphoric mu horticulture ndi superphosphate ndi ammophos. Amakhulupirira kuti ndi bwino kusankha superphosphate iwiri, pali gypsum yocheperako, ndipo kuchuluka kwa chinthu chachikulu kumakulitsidwa.
Phosphorus imachedwetsa njira yosungunulira mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira feteleza. Izi zimapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale yopindulitsa. Ubwino wa mapangidwe a phosphorous ndi kuthekera kolimbitsa mizu, kupatsa chomeracho mphamvu ndi mphamvu. Komanso phosphorous amathandizira kukulitsa shuga ndi mapuloteni mumtengo wa mtengowo.
Manyowa abwino a potashi
Kuvala pamwamba kwadzinja ndi potashi kumapangitsa kuti ngakhale mbewu zosalimba zipulumuke chisanu choopsa. Feteleza a mitundu iwiri amapangidwa: mankhwala enaake ndi sulphate. Musanagwiritse ntchito, muyenera kudziwa bwino kuti mtengo wa zipatso zilizonse umakhala ndi chlorine ndi sulfure. Mwachitsanzo, mapeyala ndi maapulo amachita bwino ndi klorini, yomwe sitinganene za tchire la zipatso.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa potashi, ndikofunikira kulingalira zachilengedwe zomwe zili munthaka kuti musadye asidi, mwachitsanzo, potaziyamu sulphate.
Phatikizani feteleza kuti muwonjezere zokolola
Kugwiritsa ntchito mavalidwe osakanikirana ndikofunikanso pokonzekera nthawi yophukira nthawi yachisanu. Kapenanso lembani mabowo pamizu osakaniza ndi izi:
- humus (makilogalamu 5);
- superphosphate (50 gr.);
- mankhwala enaake kapena potaziyamu sulphate (30 g.).
Zolembazo ziyenera kusakanizidwa bwino kuti zinthu zonse zigawidwe mofanana. Mukaponya nthaka, maenje ayenera kuthiriridwa.
Kwa mbewu zazing'ono, zomwe zaka zawo sizipitilira zaka 5, zinthu zakuthupi zimatengedwa pamlingo wochepa. Ndipo kwa mitengo yopitilira zaka 8, kuchuluka kwa fetereza kumawonjezeka ndi 20-30%.
Mtundu wina wa zakudya zophatikizika ndi phosphorous-potaziyamu mankhwala. Zogulitsazi zimathandizira kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndikulemeretsa nthaka ndi mchere wonse wofunikira.
Bzalani phulusa lodyetsa m'munda
Phulusa lazomera limawerengedwa ngati chida chachilengedwe chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito chowuma ndikusungunuka m'madzi. Kuvala kotere ndikoyenera pafupifupi mbewu zonse. Tithokoze phulusa, dothi limathilitsidwa mchere, limakonzedwa ndi zinthu zina zofunika kuzomera wamba:
- magnesium;
- calcium;
- potaziyamu;
- nthaka;
- mkuwa;
- sulfa ndi zinthu zina.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito feterezayu, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimakhalapo zimasiyana kutengera feedstock (udzu, udzu, peat).
Wood phulusa ndi mtundu wa feteleza wa potashi chifukwa chazambiri zazinthu monga potaziyamu. Mitengo yolimba imakhala ndi chizindikiro cha 14-16%, ma conifers - 4-6%.
Kudyetsa phulusa kuli ndi izi:
- zimayambira ndi mitengo ikuluikulu ya zomera imalimbikitsidwa;
- kumalimbitsa chitetezo chamthupi, chomwe chimakulitsa mwayi wopulumuka m'nyengo yozizira;
- chikhalidwe chosagwirizana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana ndi ma virus chikuwonjezeka;
- kupezeka kwa potaziyamu kumalepheretsa kukula msanga komanso kucha zipatso msanga;
- chigawo chachikulu chimakhudzidwa ndi photosynthesis, kutembenuza michere kukhala wowuma.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito phulusa pazomera pobzala, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizitsatira momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito: 250 magalamu pa 1 m2.
Momwe mungadyetse zitsamba ndi zinthu zofunikira m'munda
Kuonetsetsa kuti minda yazipatso yazipatso, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse ya feteleza: humus, kompositi, manyowa, zitosi za mbalame. Nthawi zambiri, zinthu zakuthupi zimaphatikizidwa ndi feteleza wamchere, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthaka izikhala yodzaza ndi zinthu zofunikira komanso kukhala ndi mphamvu m'nyengo yozizira.
Zovala zachilengedwe nthawi zambiri zimakhazikika m'nthaka yozungulira thunthu mpaka masentimita 10 mpaka 15. Koma zimaloledwanso kukometsa nthaka ndi yankho lomwe lakonzedwa potengera manyowa kapena ndowe za mbalame. Mukamapanga chakudya chamadzimadzi, muyenera kutsatira mosamalitsa miyezo ndi magwiritsidwe ake kuti musawotche.
Manyowa a nthawi yophukira amasiyanitsidwa ndi kapangidwe kake ndi kuchuluka kwake komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mbande zazing'ono ndi mitengo yokhwima. Mlingo waukulu wa michere ungasokoneze kukula kwa chomeracho, ndipo nthawi zina chimatha kufa.
Pali malingaliro kuti masamba omwe agwa amatha kuyikidwa m'minda yazipatso. M'malo mwake, izi siziyenera kuchitika, chifukwa tizilombo, tizilombo tosavulaza ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono titha kukhazikika muzotsalira zazomera m'nyengo yozizira. Kuyandikira koteroko ndi mizu kumavulaza kwambiri kuposa zabwino. Koma nkhaka zowola kwambiri kapena zukini (popanda zisonyezo zowonongeka ndi matenda kapena majeremusi) amatha kuikidwa m'manda ozungulira, potero amapanga dzenje laling'ono la kompositi.
Kuvala zamadzimadzi nthawi yophukira
Ndikofunika kuyidyetsa youma. Zakudya zophatikizika zimaphatikizidwa munthaka mozungulira thunthu la mtengo kapena zimaphimba nthaka ngati mulch. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito mchere womwewo kapena zinthu zakuthupi kuphatikiza madzi, simulandiranso chakudya chamadzimadzi chamtengo wapatali, chomwe chimathiriridwa pamzu wazomera. Kuchita bwino kwa kukonza kotereku ndikuti zinthu zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimagawidwa mofanana m'nthaka.
Ubwino waukulu wa feteleza wamadzi ndi mtundu wa michere yomwe imapezekanso. Zakudya zamtunduwu ndizoyenera makamaka ku mbewu zomwe zimakula nthawi yayitali.
Manyowa otchuka kwambiri amatengera manyowa a nkhuku kapena manyowa.... Kuti akonze yankho, choyamba gawo laling'ono lachilengedwe limalowetsedwa sabata imodzi m'madzi, ndikupeza madzi okwanira. Kuti muwagwiritsenso ntchito, muyenera kuchepetsa chogwirira ntchitoyo ndi madzi ndikuthirira mbewu pazu kawiri nthawi iliyonse, kuphatikiza nthawi yophukira.
Kudyetsa bwino shrub nthawi yophukira kumalimbitsa chitetezo cha mitengo yazipatso, yomwe idzawapatse mwayi wopulumuka m'nyengo yozizira yopanda ululu ndikuwonjezera zokolola. Ndipo ndi feteleza wamtundu wanji kusankha ndi kuyika mitengo yazipatso ndi tchire la mabulosi zili kwa inu!