Kuperewera kwa nayitrogeni m'zomera kumapangitsa kuti mphukira zisakule bwino, mphukira zosalimba komanso zosakhazikika, masamba ochepa, ndi kukhetsa masamba koyambirira. Urea athandizira kukonza vutoli. Ndi chiyani nanga tichite chiyani? Tidzakambirana za momwe angagwiritsire ntchito ndikusintha kwa dimba ndi ndiwo zamasamba mopitilira apo.
Urea ndi chiyani?
Ndi feteleza wamchere wokhala ndi nitrogen yambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chovala chachikulu kapena chowonjezera chambewu zosiyanasiyana.
Urea ndiye chinthu choyambirira kupangidwa ndi mankhwala kuchokera kuzinthu zachilengedwe.
Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsa urea, mbewuzo zimakula bwino ndikubala zipatso zochuluka. Tizirombo monga ma weevils, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi mutu wamkuwa zimatha pambuyo popopera mankhwala.
Malo ofiirira amatha kuchoka pamitengo yazipatso ndi zitsamba ngati atathandizidwa ndi yankho kumayambiriro kwamasika ndi kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira.
Carbamide ndi urea: kodi ndizofanana kapena ayi?
M'malo mwake, awa ndi mayina awiri a feteleza m'modzi. Poyamba, idapangidwa kuchokera ku mkodzo wa ng'ombe mwa madzi, zomwe zimatulutsidwa zimatchedwa urea.
Urea ndi dzina lasayansi la mankhwala omwe akupangidwa pano.
Feteleza ndi timadzi ting'onoting'ono toyera tomwe timasungunuka bwino m'madzi ofunda.
Kapangidwe ndi katundu wa mankhwala
Carbamide ndi feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni wambiri yemwe mulibe nitrate. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake ndikofunikira pagawo la chitukuko chomera. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito pakapangidwe ka mphukira, ndiye kuti mutha kutaya nthawi yokolola.
Katundu wabwino wa feteleza:
- Satha kuyambitsa zotentha kuzomera zikapopera.
- Imawonjezera nthawi yophukira yakumapeto kwa zipatso m'minda yamaluwa komanso zipatso.
- Nkhondo yabwino yolimbana ndi majeremusi ndi othandizira opatsirana.
- Imayamwa ndi zomera nthawi yochepa.
- Kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni m'maselo azomera kumawonjezeka patatha masiku awiri kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.
- Imatha kuchepetsa maluwa ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha maluwa akugwa ndi kuzizira.
- Kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni m'zomera.
- Pafupifupi samasamba pansi.
- Imavunda pang'onopang'ono m'nthaka.
- Zosungunuka mosavuta, sizisiya zotsalira.
Mbali zoyipa za carbamide:
- Imachepetsa kumera kwa mbeu ngati ili yambiri m'nthaka.
- Itha kuvulaza mbande zazing'ono, ngati zitagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika.
- Zosungidwa pamitengo yokhazikika.
- Kuphatikizidwa molakwika ndi zinthu zambiri.
Kuphatikiza ndi feteleza ena
Sitikulimbikitsidwa kusakaniza urea ndi feteleza zamchere, chifukwa mankhwala atatha, amoniya amatulutsidwa ndipo nayitrogeni amatha.
Mukaphatikiza urea ndi ufa wa superphosphate, katundu wa fetelezawa amasintha. Izi zitha kupewedwa poyamba kuwonjezera miyala yamwala, fupa kapena phosphate ku superphosphate.
Mutha kusunga chisakanizo cha urea ndi:
- sodium ndi potaziyamu nitrate;
- manyowa;
- potaziyamu mankhwala enaake;
- potaziyamu sulphate;
- ammonium nitrate.
Musanathira feteleza m'munda ndi zipatso ndi mabulosi, urea imatha kusakanizidwa ndi phosphate rock, superphosphate, ammonium sulphate.
Palibe chifukwa chomwe urea ndi phulusa, feteleza wa laimu, calcium nitrate ayenera kuphatikizidwa.
Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito yankho
Kumwaza granules a carbamide mozungulira mundawo sikungapereke zotsatira zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa, chifukwa motsogozedwa ndi mpweya, mankhwala ake amasokonezeka. Kuchita bwino kwambiri kumakwaniritsidwa ngati agwiritsidwa ntchito panthaka. Mpweya wa ammonium carbonate udzakhala wocheperako, chifukwa chake, michere idzafika kuzomera.
Urea ndi yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu yonse ya nthaka.
Zomera zonse zimakhala ndi michere yosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mukonzekere yrea yankho lililonse padera.
M'dzinja, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda wopanda kanthu, chifukwa imatha kuwononga zomera zosatha komanso mitundu yozizira ya anyezi ndi adyo. Koma akatswiri akuwona ngati zosayenera kuigwiritsa ntchito panthawiyi, chifukwa urea imavunda mwachangu, ndipo zina mwazinthuzi zimasanduka nthunzi.
Feteleza amagwiritsidwa bwino ntchito masika kuti akule bwino ndikukula kwa zomera. Kuvala pamwamba ndi yankho ndikothandiza panthaka yonyowa. Mu granules, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukumba ndi kumasula.
Kuswana
Kukonzekera yankho, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa granules ndi 2 malita a madzi. Muziganiza mpaka mutasungunuka kwathunthu, kenako onjezerani madzi voliyumu yomwe ikufunika.
Kupopera ndi kukonza munda
Pakati pa kukula kwa mbewu, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito urea kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, komwe kumachitika dzuwa likamalowa kapena kulowa, nthawi yabwino.
Mitengo yazipatso ndi zitsamba zimapopera mankhwala ndi njira yochulukirapo kuposa zomera zouma.
Kuti muwononge tizirombo topyola madzi, muyenera kusanja mitengoyo mpaka masamba atayamba, kutentha kwapakati pa tsiku kumakhala pa 5 ° C.
Pakati pa tsamba kugwa, mutha kupopera mitengo yomwe ili ndi matenda opatsirana, komanso masamba ake omwe agwa. Izi ndizofunikira kuti zikhalidwe za chaka chamawa zisadwale.
Ntchito mitengo mu horticulture
Zamasamba, maluwa ndi zipatso pa 1m2 :
- maluwa, irises, calla maluwa, hyacinths, hippeastrum - 5-10 gr .;
- nkhaka ndi nandolo - 6-9 gr .;
- sikwashi, biringanya ndi zukini - 10-12 gr .;
- tsabola, tomato, kabichi, beets, mbatata, anyezi ndi adyo - 19-23 gr .;
- strawberries - 13-20 gr.
Kwa zipatso ndi mabulosi pa mbeu:
- achinyamata mapeyala ndi mitengo ya apulo - 150 gr .;
- zipatso za mapeyala ndi mitengo ya apulo - 200-250 gr .;
- ma plums achichepere, yamatcheri, tchire la mabulosi - 70 gr .;
- zipatso zobiriwira ndi yamatcheri - 120-140 gr.
Urea ndi feteleza wothandiza kwambiri kulima maluwa. Amatha kudyetsa zomera ndi nthaka, kuwononga tizirombo, ndi kuteteza mbewu ku matenda. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino, sinthani yankho la 5% malinga ndi malangizo, komanso yesetsani kuti musamwazire kuzungulira dimba.... Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ndiwofunika kubzala kumapeto kwa nyengo yobiriwira, komanso kupewa matenda ndi tizirombo - tsamba loyamba lophukira litagwa.