Gooseberries akhala akulimidwa m'dziko lathu kwa nthawi yaitali. Ku Russia, kale m'zaka za zana la 11, amonke adabzala mbewu zamtunduwu m'minda ya agulupa. Chifukwa chake, ma gooseberries adadyetsedwa kale kuposa ma currants ndi raspberries. Tsopano zipatso za mabulosiwa amayamikiridwa chifukwa cha mavitamini, mankhwala ndi kupanikizana kokoma kwa jamu... Ngakhale chomeracho ndichodzichepetsa, chimakula m'chigawo cha Russia, Ukraine, muyenera kufikira kubzala kwake ndiudindo wonse. Zobzalidwa motsatira malamulo onse, gooseberries amatha kupanga zokolola mpaka 10 kg pachaka kwa zaka 40. Tiyeni tiwone bwino malamulo obzala gooseberries kumapeto.
Madeti ofikira
Gooseberries amabzalidwa kumapeto ndi kugwa. M'chaka, kubzala kuyenera kuchitika msanga, makamaka koyambirira kwa Epulo.... Ndikofunika kuti chomeracho sichinasunthire kuchoka ku nyengo yachisanu yozizira. Ngati masamba ayamba kuphuka, ndiye kuti mwayi kuti mmera uzika mizu udzachepetsedwa. Koma ngakhale shrub yobzalidwa nthawi idzawonjezeka kwambiri kumapeto kwa nyengo kuposa kubzala kwa nthawi yophukira. Mwezi uti wobzala gooseberries, mumapempha? Odziwa ntchito zamaluwa amalimbikitsa kubzala gooseberries kumapeto kwa Ogasiti - Seputembala - koyambirira kwa Okutobala, kutengera dera - Moscow dera, Ural, malo oyambira Russia.
Nthawi yabwino yobzala nthawi yophukira ndi sabata lomaliza la Seputembala komanso masabata oyamba a Okutobala.... Komabe, muyenera kuyang'ana nyengo. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuti chisanu choyamba sichimachitika pasanathe milungu iwiri, ndipo mizu yachinyamata siimaundana. Ndipo ndibwino kusankha tsiku lomwe silili dzuwa komanso lopanda mphepo, kuti mizu ya mmera isamaume panja.
Ndi kusankha koyenera kubzala nthawi yophukira, chomeracho chimazika pafupifupi 100% ya milandu. Ubwino wina wobzala nthawi yophukira ndi monga:
- Nyengo yozizira isanayambike, pali nthawi yoti mizu ya mmera inatha kulimba ndikukula.
- Chomera cholimba masika ayamba kukula mwachangu.
- Nthawi yozizira isanayambe nthaka yozungulira shrub idzakhazikika bwino komanso yaying'ono.
- Chomera chomwe chakhazikika mu kugwa, mchaka chimayamba nyengo yokula ndi mphamvu zonse, zomwe zidzakulitsa kuwonjezeka kwa mphukira zazing'ono pakugwa kwina.
Kudzala gooseberries kugwa, ngakhale kumapereka chitsimikizo chachikulu, ndikofunikira kuti musachedwe ndi masiku ake.
Nthawi zoperekedwa ndizapakati. Muyenera kupitilira nyengo yakomweko. Kwa madera akumwera, madetiwo atha kupita ku Okutobala-Novembala, komanso zigawo zakumpoto, koyambirira kwa Seputembala ndiyonso yoyenera.
Ngati mwasankha tsiku loyenera, mphindi yofunika kubzala bwino ndikukonzekera mmera wa mbewu.
Momwe mungasankhire ndikukonzekera mmera
Mukamagula mmera, onetsetsani kuti mwamvera izi:
- Zaka zosintha... Siziyenera kupitirira zaka ziwiri, chomera chachikulire chimazika pang'onopang'ono ndikuzolowera nyengo yatsopano.
- Chiwerengero chokwanira cha mizu... Pakati pawo payenera kukhala mafupa atatu kapena kupitilira apo, omwe kutalika kwake kumapitilira masentimita 15. Ndipo pali mizu yambiri yolimba.
- Mphukira za mlengalenga wazomera m'litali ayenera 30-30 cm.
Mutagula mmera, umakhala wokonzeka kubzala. Izi zimafuna:
- Chotsani masamba kuchokera mmera.
- Pangani mbewu mizu youma.
- Sakanizani sapling mumphika wadothizakonzedweratu. Pokonzekera yankho, sakanizani 1 kg ya dothi ndi nthaka yakuda, mapaketi awiri a Kornevin, ndikutsanulira 3 malita a madzi.
Kusankha mipando
Ndikofunikanso kusankha malo oyenera kubzala mtsogolo. Komwe mungabzale chitsamba ichi? Osabzala gooseberries pakati pamitengo, izi zimapangitsa kuti dzuwa lisasowe... Malo oyandikana nawo ma currants nawonso amawononga chomeracho, chifukwa amakhala ndi matenda komanso tizirombo tomwe. Ndibwino ngati nyemba, beets kapena mbatata zidalima pantchitoyi musanabzala gooseberries.
Nthaka iyenera kukhala yotayirira, shrub sichidzakula bwino panthaka yolemera kwambiri komanso yodzaza madzi. Ngati madzi apansi panthaka ali okwera pamunda, ndiye kuti ndibwino kudzala jamu pamalo okwera kwambiri, kapena kupanga kukweza kwake kuchokera pansi.
Kuyika bwino tchire mukamabzala mbewu zingapo nthawi yomweyo ndikofunikanso. Jamu limakula bwino. Chitsamba cha zaka zisanu ndi zitatu chimakhala chotalika mamita 2.5.
Pali njira zingapo zobzala gooseberries.:
- Zokwanira pang'ono... Poterepa, tchire zimabzalidwa m'mizere mtunda wa 1.5 mita kuchokera wina ndi mnzake, ndipo danga la 2 mita mulifupi latsala pakati pa mizereyo. Pambuyo pazaka 4-5, mbewuzo zimakula kwambiri kotero kuti zidzakhala mzere umodzi mosalekeza.
- Kudzala pakati pa mizere yazipatso zazing'ono... Zikatero, jamu limakula bwino mpaka akorona pamwambapa ayamba kutseka. Pambuyo pake, tchire liyenera kuikidwa pamalo owala kwambiri.
- Kuphatikiza chiwembu... Zomera zimabzalidwa m'mizere patali masentimita 75 kuchokera wina ndi mnzake, kuyika mtunda pakati pa mizere ya mita 1. Pamene, patatha zaka zingapo, tchire limayamba kutseka, liyenera kuchepetsedwa patatha kamodzi, ndikubzala mbewu zina kumalo atsopano. Patatha zaka zingapo, kupatulira kuyenera kubwerezedwa. Chiwembucho chimathandizira kupeza zipatso zochulukirapo ndipo zimasunga malo pamalowo.
Kuti mulandire mwachangu zokolola zochuluka, Olima dimba nthawi zina amabzala mbande ziwiri nthawi imodzi mu dzenje limodzi lalikulu, ndikusiya mtunda wa 20 cm pakati pawo... M'zaka zoyambirira, zokololazo zidzakhaladi zabwino, komabe tchire lidzayamba kukula ndikukalamba mwamphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, mizu yawo imalumikizana kotero kuti kumakhala kovuta kubzala mbewu.
Mukakonza mbande ndikusankha malo abwino a gooseberries, mutha kuyamba kubzala chomeracho mwachindunji.
Sayansi yobzala jamu mu kasupe ndi nthawi yophukira
Kudzala mbewu kumaphatikizapo izi:
- Patsamba lomwe mwasankha muyenera kukumba nthaka osapanganso fosholo yafosholo... Izi zimaphwanya mabala onse ndikuchotsa namsongole.
- Kumbani dzenje, kukula kwake kuyenera kupitirira pang'ono mizu ya mmera, pafupifupi ndi 50x50x50 cm... Izi ziyenera kuchitika pasadakhale - milungu ingapo musanadzalemo. Malo okwera achonde ayenera kupindidwa mbali imodzi, ndi ena mbali inayo.
- Manyowa dzenje... 2/3 iyenera kudzazidwa ndi nthaka yachonde yosakanikirana ndi kompositi (1.5 zidebe), superphosphate (300 g), peat (1.5 zidebe), phulusa (makapu 3), miyala yamiyala yapansi (1 galasi). Kuchokera pamwamba, muyenera kuwonjezera nthaka yachonde ndikutsanulira zonsezi ndi 0,5 malita a madzi.
- Asanakwere dzenje ayenera anasiya kuima mu mawonekedwe kwa masabata angapokotero kuti nthaka ikukhazikika mokwanira.
- Pakufika molunjika, ikani mmera mdzenje, ndikupendeketsa pang'ono... Pachifukwa ichi, kolala ya mizu iyenera kukhala pakatikati pa fossa, ndipo mizu iyenera kuwongoka mbali. Pofuna kupewa zopanda pake, danga pakati pa mizu liyenera kuphimbidwa ndi dziko lapansi. Gooseberries nthawi zambiri amakhala ozama masentimita 5 poyerekeza ndi malo am'mbuyomu amamera mmera (ndikosavuta kutsatira zipsera pa khungwa). Chifukwa chake, zinthu zidzapangidwira kuti mizu ndi mphukira zowonjezera ziziphuka kuchokera kumaluwa obzalidwawo.
- Malo oyandikana ndi mmera amafunikira kupondaponda ndi kuthirira madzi ochuluka.
- Onjezani mulch kudzenje kuchokera peat kapena masamba osanjikiza 10 cm.
Mutabzala kugwa, mbewu zazing'ono sizifuna chisamaliro chapadera, sizingakhudzidwe mpaka masika. Mulch ndi kugwa kwa chipale chofewa kumathandizira mmera kuti ugwere nthawi yayitali. Ngati mukuopa kuti sipadzakhala chipale chofewa m'nyengo yozizira, ndiye kuti mutha kuwonjezera zotsekemera ndi zofunda.
Mutabzala masika, kuti mupulumuke ndikukula, dulani chomeracho. Poterepa, dulani gawo lakumlengalenga masentimita 10, ndikusiya masamba 2-3 pamphukira iliyonse. Pofuna kubzala nthawi yophukira, kudulira kotereku sikuvomerezeka. Ngati mwasankha kuti muchite, onetsetsani kuti mwadula mabala onse ndimunda wamaluwa.
Momwe mungasamalire bwino chitsamba chachikulire
Posankha njira yobzala ndikucheperachepera kwa mizere, ndikofunikira kudziwa malamulo oti mulowemo gooseberries. Zomera ziyeneranso kubwezeretsedwanso mu kugwa kuti mbewuzo zikhazikike m'malo atsopano. Kuti muchotse bwino tchire pansi, limbani mbali iliyonse patali ndi masentimita 30 kuchokera pansi... Mizu yolimba imatha kudulidwa, izi sizingawononge chomeracho. Kenako, mothandizidwa ndi fosholo, tchire limachotsedwa m'nthaka, pamodzi ndi kabowo ladothi, limayikidwa pa polyethylene ndikupita kumalo obzala kumene. Njira yeniyeni yobzala mbewu yachikulire siyosiyana ndi kubzala mbande.
Chomera chopanda phindu ngati jamu sichifuna kusamalidwa nthawi zonse. Ndikokwanira kumupatsa nthawi kamodzi, mutafika molingana ndi malamulo onse, ndipo kwa zaka zambiri chomeracho chimakupatsani zokolola zokoma komanso zathanzi.