Kusakaniza mazira a nkhuku ndi ntchito yosangalatsa komanso yodalirika. Poyambitsa makulitsidwe opanga, ndikofunikira kuwunika momwe zida zonse zikuyendera ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zikugwira ntchito mokwanira, apo ayi pali chiopsezo cha kufa kwa kutulutsa konseko. Kuphatikiza pa zida ndi chikhumbo, ndikofunikira kukumbukiranso zina, koma zinthu zoyambirira ...
Chofungatira
Kwenikweni chofungatira - ili ndi bokosi lopangidwa ndi polystyrene (kapena yofananira - polystyrene yowonjezera), yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, yopangidwa ndi maziko ndi chivindikiro. Ntchito zake zazikulu ndikuteteza kutentha ndi chinyezi mchipindacho; mitundu ina imaphatikizidwanso ndi dzira lokhalanso litembenuka, lomwe limapangitsa kuti zisadalire nkhuku, zomwe, zikangowaza, zimasiya kuyikira mazira.
Ma Thermostats ndi zinthu zomwe zimatenthetsa mpweya zili mchikuto chofungatira, ndipo akasinja amadzikupereka chinyezi chofunikira kuchokera pansi. Mazirawo amayandikira pafupi pansi.
Kukula kwa dzira
Kutembenuza dzira ndikofunikira, kumachitika:
- Buku njira (gulu lotsika mtengo kwambiri la makina opangira mafuta, vuto lalikulu ndikuti muyenera kutsegula chivindikirocho kuti mutembenuzire mazira, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kudumphe)
- makina (ndikofunikira kukoka waya ndikusunthira kabati komwe mazira agona, azigudubuka ndikupotoloka)
- zodziwikiratu (zonsezi zimachitika mosavuta pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi)
Chida chotenthetsera
Zinthu zotenthetsera zimayikidwa pachikuto (pamwamba).
Opanga aku Russia atulutsa mitundu iwiri yamitundu yamagetsi yolumikizidwa ndi netiweki Zamgululi ndi njira yosakanikirana Zamgululi, uku ndikusiyana kwamachitidwe ochiritsira, okhala ndi zida zamagetsi zolumikizira ku magetsi ena (mwachitsanzo batri). Ubwino pazinthu zatsopanozi ndikuti magetsi osungira amayamba pokhapokha magetsi akadzalephera.
Zida zoyezera
Makulitsidwe amagawidwa ngati njira yovuta kwambiri yaumisiri, pomwe kutsatira nyengo ndi kutentha kwa mpweya kumachita gawo lalikulu.
Opanga ena amaliza makina opangira makinawa ma thermometer ndi ma hygrometer... Wina ndi ma thermometer okha, ndipo kwa mitundu ina muyenera kugula mosiyana mita yotentha ndi mita yachinyezi.
Makulidwe
Kutengera kuchuluka kwa mazira omwe amayenera kuikidwa zoutamira zapakhomo (kutsitsa mpaka mazira 150) ndi mafakitale (kuchuluka kwa mazira pa tabu kulibe malire).
Mazira
Njira yothira anapiye imayamba kale kusonkhanitsa ndi kusunga mazira... Osati mazira onse owetera omwe ali oyenera kulumikizidwa, ngati cholinga chake ndi kukhala ndi ana athanzi, amphamvu omwe angapitilize kukhala ndi moyo wokwanira, ndiye kuti mukuyenera kuswana, poganizira izi:
- Khola la nkhuku liyenera kukhala nalo tambalakukwera tambala mnyumba ya nkhuku, kumverera kolamulira kumakhala kwamphamvu kwambiri
- Momwe amapondera nkhuku mwachangu, ndizotheka 100% ana
- Zosafunika kugwiritsa ntchito mazira ang'onoang'ono - anapiye adzakhala ochepa komanso ofooka
- Ndikofunika kusankha mazira apakatikati komanso makamaka za kukula kwake
- Mazira osweka, mano, ziphuphu, zotuluka zimangotayidwa nthawi yomweyo kuti zikhale chakudya, dzira lolakwika silingalole kuti mluza uzikula momwe uyenera kukhalira
- Palibe mazira kuchapa kapena kupukutaPofuna kuyeretsa, muyenera kupukuta ndi nsalu (mwachitsanzo, chiguduli) choviikidwa mu potaziyamu permanganate kapena hydrogen peroxide, kusunthika kotereku kumakupatsani mwayi woti muwayeretse ndi kuwapewetsa mankhwala
- Mulingo woyenera nthawi yoikira mazira - izi zikuchokera masiku awiri mpaka asanu ndi awiri, kutsitsimuka kumatha kutsimikizika ndi chipinda chamlengalenga, ndikokulira, dzira lakale, mazira akulu, ndizomwe zimatsalira m'mbuyo pakukula
- Zalangizidwa sungani mazira malekezero kukathera
- Kupewa yolk kumamatira ku chipolopolo mazira amafunika kutembenuzidwa masiku atatu aliwonse,
- Zikapezeka mukamatumiza chingwe cha yolk chinaduka (potembenuza dzira, yolk imayenda mozungulira mkati mwa chipolopolocho), ndiye kuti nyemba zoterezi ziyeneranso kutayidwa
- Kutentha kosungira osachepera 10 komanso osapitirira 18 madigiri Celsius, mazira omwe amayenera kuti azikhala pachofungatira amasungidwa, kutsika kutentha
- Chinyezi panthawi yosungirako mazira opangidwira makulitsidwe osaposa 80%
- Ngati agwiritsidwa ntchito chofungatira popanda dzira kutembenukira ntchito basi, ndikosavuta kuyika pamwamba ndi pansi, kuti musasokonezeke (mutha kugwiritsa ntchito pensulo yosavuta, mosiyana ndi zolembera ndi zolembera, sizamadzi ndipo sizingathe kudutsa pachigobacho mpaka mluza)
Chinyezi
Chinyezi mu chofungatira chimasungidwa ndi nthunzi ya madzi kuchokera pazotengera zoyikidwa pansi, kuwerengetsa kwa hygrometer kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, kuyendetsa evapure.
Mulingo wamadzi uyenera kufufuzidwa pafupifupi masiku atatu aliwonse.
Zolemba:
- kuti imathandizira kutuluka kwamadzi ndipo potero imakweza msanga chinyezi, mutha kutsitsa nsalu mu chidebe ndi madzi
- Mutha kutsitsa kutuluka kwa madzi ndikutsitsa kuwerengera chinyezi pochepetsa malo omwe amatulutsa nthunzi, mwachitsanzo, poyika chidutswa cha pulasitiki thovu muchidebe chokhala ndi madzi.
Kutentha
Osavomerezeka kuyatsa chofungatira kuti konzekera musanaikire mazira, apo ayi kutentha kumatha kusokoneza ana.
Kutentha kofunikira pakuphatikiza iyenera kusinthidwa malinga ndi tebulo mitundu ya kutentha (tebulo pansipa)
Ndibwino kuti muzitha kutentha ndi angapo ma thermometerkuyambira pamenepo nthawi zina amanama pang'ono, ndipo pamenepa, digiri iliyonse imakhudza zotsatira zake.
Zofunika! Ngakhale makinawo ali ndi makina onse, mukufunikirabe kuwunika kutentha ndi chinyezi pafupipafupi!
Ovoscope
Ovoscope imakuthandizani kuzindikira mazira oyenera ngakhale musanayike mu chofungatira. Dzira losuntha iyenera kulumikizidwa ndi ovoscope yokhala ndi malekezero olakwika. Zolakwika zazikulu amadziwika ndi chipangizochi. Kusintha kwa mazira kumachitika kwa nthawi yoyamba 7-8 tsiku (mutangowonera koyamba, mazira omwe sanakwezedwe kapena kukhala ndi zovuta zina atha kuchotsedwa pachofungatira), kachiwirinso 12-13 tsiku, angaunikiridwe pa Tsiku 18.
Kuikira mazira
Kuyeserera kwawonetsa kuti kuikira mazira ndi kosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito madzulo. Choyamba, mazirawo ayenera kutulutsidwa m'chipinda chozizira kupita kumalo otentha kuti afunditse kutentha. Kenako anagona chofungatira
Nthawi makulitsidwe
Kutentha mawonekedwe tebulo
Nthawi ya makulitsidwe | Masiku | Kutentha | Chinyezi | Tembenuzani | Kuyamba |
1 | 1-7 | 37.8-38.0 ° C | 55-60% | 4-8 kawiri patsiku | — |
2 | 8-14 | 37.8-38.0 ° C | 50% | 4-8 kawiri patsiku | — |
3 | 15-18 | 37.8-38.0 ° C | 45% | 4-8 kawiri patsiku | Nthawi 2 patsiku kwa mphindi 10-15 |
4 | 19-21 | 37.5-37.7 ° C | 70% | — | — |
Nthawi zonse zokwanira 4:
- Masiku 1-7 - tsiku la bookmark limawerengedwa kuti ndi loyamba, lokhazikitsidwa kutentha 37.8-38.0 madigiri ndi chinyezi 60%. Simusowa kusintha zizindikilo za sabata yoyamba, mluza umangopangika, ndikofunikira kupereka malo okhazikika, omasuka, ndikofunikira kutembenuza mazirawo kuti ana asatengeke ndi chipolopolo.
Mbali: nthawi zitatu zoyambirira, muyenera kuyatsa mazira pafupipafupi momwe mungathere (pazoyimira pafupifupi zachilengedwe), koma ngati sizingatheke kutembenukira ola lililonse, mutha kusintha malo awo molingana ndi tebulo, chinthu chachikulu ndichakuti ofanana nthawi yayitali.
Pakati pa ovoscopy, kumapeto kwa nthawi yoyamba, dongosolo loyenda bwino lomwe limayenda bwino komanso majeremusi am'magazi momwe kamwana kameneka kamayenera kuonekera, sikadawonekere. Pakadali pano mutha chotsani mazira owonjezera (osati umuna kapena kuwonongeka)
- Masiku 8-14 - masiku 4 otsatira muyenera kuchepetsa chinyezi, ndikupitiliza kutembenuza mazira. Nthawi imeneyi, makamaka m'tsogolo mwana wankhuku chinyezi ndikofunikirakuyambira kusowa kwa madzi kumatha kuwononga mwana wosabadwayo. Munthawi imeneyi, allantois (chiwalo chopumira cha embryonic) chimakhala chakuthwa kwa dzira ndipo chikuyenera kutsekedwa kale.
- 15-18 kuyambira sabata yachiwiri muyenera kuyamba mpweya wa chofungatira kangapo patsiku, potero amachepetsa kutentha, osayiwala kutembenuza mazira. Mpweya umayambitsa kagayidwe ndikuwonjezera kusinthana kwa gasi. Ovoscope panthawiyi iwonetsa malo mkati modzaza ndi mluza, chipinda chokha champweya ndicho chimakhala chopanda pake.
Chenjezo! Pakukula bwino, panthawiyi, chipinda cham'mlengalenga chimayenera kukhala pafupifupi 30% ya dzira lonse, ndipo malire amakhala opindika.
Munthawi imeneyi, mutha kumva kale kusisima kutuluka dzira... Mwana wankhuku amayesetsa kutambasula khosi lake kumapeto kwa dzira ndikuthyola chipinda cham'mlengalenga, kenako amafika pachikopacho.
- 19-21 Pafupifupi masiku 19 mutayika kutentha kwa kachilombo kamayenera kuchepetsedwa mpaka 37.5-37.7 ndikulitsa chinyezi mpaka 70%. Masiku aposachedwa, zotsalira za protein, yolk zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikuyamba kuluma pang'ono. Kutentha kumatsika, chinyezi chimakwera mtunda pakati pa mazira ziyenera kukhala zotheka momwe zingathere ndipo munthawi imeneyi safunika kutembenuzidwa, makamaka, ndibwino kuti musakhudze mazira. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti pali zabwino kufalitsa mpweyakoma osalemba.
Zolemba: Thanzi la nkhuku limatha kudziwika ndi kulira kwawo. Norma ndikumveka modekha, kofatsa komanso kosasangalatsa. Choyipa chachikulu, ngati kulira kumakhala kofuula komanso kolemera, ndiye kuti nkhukuyo yazimirira.
Tsiku 21 anapiye ayenera kuthyola, mwana wankhuku amatembenukira motsutsana ndi wotchi ndikumaswa chipolopolo. Mwana wankhuku wathanzi idzathyola chipolopolocho pafupifupi zikoti zitatu ndipo zidutswa za chipolopolocho zidzakhala zazikulu. Atakhazika mutu wake kumapeto osakhazikika, ndi khosi lake kumapeto kwake, amapumira kulemera kwake pamakoma a chipolopolocho, ndikuchipinda kuti chimuphwanye. Muyenera kuwalola kuti aziumitsa pawokha ndipo mukawaika pamalo otentha, owuma.
Zizindikiro za Nkhuku Yathanzi:
- Zokwanira m'mimba
- Zofewa chingwe cha umbilical
- Wamphamvu miyendo
- Wanzeru fluff
- Yogwira
- Zimayankha ku phokoso
- Chotsani masootsekemera pang'ono
- Mfupi mlomo
Ndi nkhuku zingati zomwe mungathe kuweta zimadalira pa inu nokha. Imfa ya nyama zazing'ono, monga lamulo, zotsatira za mazira osankhidwa molakwika, kapena zolakwika mu kayendedwe ka makulitsidwe. Simungakhulupirire njirayi polera nkhuku, palibe amene sangathenso kulephera. Yang'anirani ntchito ngakhale makina opangitsira makina ambiri amafunika osachepera maola 8 aliwonse.
Zofunikanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi chofungatira mutagwiritsa ntchito, komanso musanafike chizindikiro chatsopano.
Ngati mumatsatira malamulowa, ndiye kuti mabampu ang'onoang'ono achikaso, kaya ndi ma broiler kapena mtundu wosavuta, angakusangalatseni kangapo ndi mawonekedwe awo.