Nkhaka ndi imodzi mwazomera zotchuka m'minda zomwe amakonda akulu ndi ana. Kufunika kotere kwa ndiwo zamasamba kumakankhira obereketsa kuti apange mitundu yambiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ndi pazinthu zatsopanozi kuti mitundu ya nkhaka za Meringue zitha kutchulidwa molimba mtima. Munkhaniyi tikambirana za kufotokozedwa kwa nkhaka zosiyanasiyana ndikuganiza zaukadaulo wakulima kwawo.
Makhalidwe ndi malongosoledwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhaka
Merengue ndi mtundu wosakanizidwa womwe udasungidwa ndi oweta aku Dutch mu 2007. Mitundu imeneyi, yakupsa, ndi ya nkhaka zoyambirira. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake mosiyanasiyana kumakupatsani mwayi kuti mugwiritse ntchito mwatsopano komanso kosinthidwa (monga nkhaka zosungunuka kapena kuzifutsa mumitsuko). Chikhalidwe chimadziyika chokha ngati choyenera kulimidwa m'malo onse adziko lathu lalikulu.
Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndiyabwino kulimidwa m'nyumba zazilimwe komanso m'mafakitale. Kukula kwakukula kumakupatsani mwayi wolima mbewu, m'nthaka yotseguka komanso m'malo obiriwira. Chomeracho sichisowa kuyendetsa mungu, chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi wokulitsa munyumba zosungira popanda zovuta.
Mbewuyo ndi shrub yayitali yokhala ndi kuthekera kokuluka. Masamba ndi apakatikati, wobiriwira wobiriwira mtundu. Zipatso za mawonekedwe ozungulira nthawi zonse, osamalika, osapitilira masentimita 10-12 masentimita, ndipo amalemera osapitirira magalamu 100.
Mbewu yoyamba imayamba kukololedwa patatha masiku 35-40 mutabzala mbewu. Mbewuyo imabala zipatso nthawi yonse yokula, koma nkhaka zazikulu zokhwima zokhwima zimakololedwa kumayambiriro kwa zipatso, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kukolola nthawi yachisanu.
Kukoma kwake ndibwino kwambiri, kusowa kwowawa mu chipatso kumatsimikizika.
Zokolola ndizokwanira. Nthaka yotseguka, sonkhanitsani 2-3 kg. masamba okhwima pa mita imodzi. M'nyumba zobiriwira, mosamala, ndizotheka kukwaniritsa zokolola mpaka 10 kg. pa mita imodzi iliyonse.
Mitunduyi imagonjetsedwa ndi matenda wamba a nkhaka monga powdery mildew, spotting, mosaic virus... Zipatso sizopunduka kapena zachikasu.
Ubwino ndi zovuta zamitundu yosiyanasiyana
Nkhaka zamtunduwu zili ndi zabwino zambiri:
- Zabwino zokolola.
- Kukaniza chilala.
- Chitetezo cha kutentha kwambiri.
- Kukoma kwabwino.
- Kusinthasintha komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Kukula kusinthasintha.
- Kulankhula kwabwino komanso mayendedwe.
- Zowona za zipatso, kudziwika kwawo ndi moyo wautali wautali.
- Kukaniza matenda.
- Kusamalira mopanda ulemu.
Zokhazokha zokhazokha za mitundu yosiyanasiyana zimatha kukhala chifukwa chokana kukana kwake ngati matenda wamba monga peronosporosis, kapena downy mildew.
Poganizira ndemanga zingapo zamaluwa ndi okhalamo nthawi yachilimwe, nkhaka zamitundumitundu zimasiyana pamitengo ndi mtundu wake kwaoperekera osiyanasiyana. Ngati mukukhulupirira ndemanga izi, ndiye kuti mbewu zabwino kwambiri kuchokera kwa omwe amapereka kuchokera ku Moscow ndi Ukraine, motsatana, ndipo mtengo wake ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri. Mtengo ndi mtengo ndizotsika kwambiri kwa omwe amapereka kuchokera ku Rostov, Volgograd ndi Kazakhstan.
Malangizo pakubzala mbewu
Nthaka
Mitundu iyi imabzalidwa ndi mbande ndi mbewu. Njira yobzala mbeu imathandizira kuti zipatso zizikula msanga. Mosasamala kuti ndi njira yanji yobzala, nthaka imafuna dothi loamy lokhala ndi mpweya wabwino. Kuti mukwaniritse zokolola zambiri, muyenera kukonzekera malowo kugwa: kuti muchotsere namsongole, manyowa ndi manyowa ndikukumba.
Ndizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wokhala ndi ma chlorine pazosiyanazi. Nthaka yamchere siyiyeneranso kubzala.
Zinthu zambewu
Kuti mukhale ndi zokolola zambiri, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zabwino kwambiri zokha. Ndi bwino kugula mbewu zopangidwa zokongoletsedwa. Mbeu zotere zakhala ndikuchiritsidwa kale ndikuchiritsidwa ndi oyambitsa kukula. Kukula kwa mbewu zoterezi pafupifupi 100%.
Ngati mwagula mbewu wamba, muyenera kuzikonzekera bwino. Choyamba, nyembazo zimasungidwa potaziyamu permanganate, kenako zimamera m'matumba onyowa. Mbewu zomwe zamera kale zaumitsidwa ndikuzitenga kwa masiku angapo kuzizira.
Kudzala mbewu
Mbewu imabzalidwa m'nthaka yotentha kwambiri, yomwe kutentha kwake kuyenera kukhala madigiri 12. Ngati mbewu zabzalidwa panthaka yotseguka, kuthekera kwa chisanu usiku kuyenera kuchotsedwa.
Ndi chiwembu chopingasa, osapanda mbewu ziwiri zomwe zimabzalidwa pa mita mita imodzi. Koma njirayi yakukula yakhala yosagwira kwenikweni.
Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito kulima mozungulira, momwe tchire limapangidwa ndikumangiriza pazogwirizira, mauna, kapena trellises. Njirayi siyopweteketsa kwambiri chomeracho ndipo imakulolani kuyika tchire 4-5 pa mita imodzi. Mbewu zimabzalidwa m'mabowo, osapitilira 3 cm.
Mbeu 3-4 zimabzalidwa pachitsime chilichonse. Mbeu zonse zikamera, ndiye kuti ziyenera kupatulidwa. Mphukira yoyamba imawonekera masiku 6-7.
Chisamaliro chachikhalidwe
Mtundu uliwonse wa nkhaka umakonda ukhondo. Chomeracho chimafuna chisamaliro chakanthawi, chomwe chimaphatikizapo kumasula nthaka, kuyeretsa namsongole, kuthirira ndi kudyetsa.
Merengue amakonda feteleza zosiyanasiyana. Zokolola za zokolola zimatengera iwo. Mutha kudyetsa mbande nthawi yonse yokula, koma ndikupuma osachepera masabata 2-3. Manyowa amtundu uliwonse ndi oyenera pazinthu izi.
Matenda
Mitunduyi imadziyimira yokha ngati yosagonjetsedwa ndi matenda, komabe mitundu iyi imatha kuwonongeka ndi matenda monga downy mildew.... Izi zikachitika, chikhalidwecho chiyenera kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala abwino omwe amagulitsidwa m'masitolo onse apadera.
Muyenera kusonkhanitsa mbeu masiku awiri kapena atatu. Izi zimachitika mosamala kuti zisawononge ovary.
Nkhaka za Meringue, mosamala bwino, zimakupatsani zokolola zabwino kwambiri ndi zipatso zabwino.