Pali mitundu yambiri ya peyala, koma si iliyonse yomwe idzakhazikike ku Russia. Umodzi mwa mitengo yapadziko lonse lapansi ndi Severyanka.
Amatha kupirira nyengo yovuta, potero amakopa chidwi cha alimi omwe amakhala kumpoto kwa dzikolo.
Kufotokozera za peyala zosiyanasiyana Severyanka Krasnoshchekaya
Mitunduyo idapangidwa mu 1959 P.N. Yakovlev pamaziko a Institute of Genetics and Breeding yotchedwa I.V. Michurin.
Mtengo wapakatikati, korona wamkati osanjikiza amafanana ndi piramidi yayikulu. Nthambizo zimachokera pa thunthu pamtunda wa pafupifupi madigiri 90, makungwa a thunthu ndi nthambi zamatenda ndi imvi.
Mphukira makulidwe sing'anga, wobiriwira wobiriwira, wosindikizira pang'ono. Masambawo ndi ovoid, m'munsi mwake mumakhala mozungulira, ndipo nsonga zimaloza, mbaleyo ndi concave, ndipo m'mbali mwake mumadziwika chifukwa cha zojambulajambula pafupipafupi. Petiole wamtengowo ndi wamfupi, chizindikirocho chimafanana ndi saber.
Maluwa amatengedwa mu inflorescence, nthawi zambiri zidutswa 4-6, mtundu wa masambawo ndi oyera, manyazi amakhala pansi pa anthers.
Zokolola zamtunduwu ndizapakati, 60-70 kilogalamu ya mapeyala amakololedwa pamtengo umodzi, koma nthawi zina Severyanka imabweretsa zipatso zokwanira makilogalamu 100 nyengo iliyonse.
Nthawi yakubala imagwera pa khumi a Ogasiti, ndipo imatha mpaka pakati pa Seputembala.
Severyanka imatha kukana chisanuChifukwa chake, chakonzedwera madera akumadzulo, Siberia ndi Ural.
Makhalidwe azipatso
Malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa peyala ya zinyalala Severyanka Krasnoshchekaya mawonekedwe ozungulira ndikuwoneka ngati babu yoyatsa... Kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yakucha, chipatso chimakhala chobiriwira ndi pinki, pang'onopang'ono chimakhala chachikasu. Khungu ndi lolimba koma losakhwima.
Pafupifupi, peyala imodzi imalemera magalamu 80-100, yomwe ndi yaying'ono mokwanira kubzala zipatso zotere. Zamkati ndi zokoma, zowutsa mudyo, osati tart, wonyezimira wonyezimira, izi sizimveka fungo labwino.
Mbeuzo zimayikidwa muzipinda, zomwe zimakhala zazikulu pang'ono komanso zazing'ono.
Mbiri yakuswana ndi dera lobereketsa
Poyamba mu 1959 ku Michurin Institute Mitundu ya Svetlyanka idapangidwa... Amadziwika ndi kukana bwino kwa chisanu ndipo amapirira mwaulemu nyengo yozizira yaku Siberia. Nyumba yamotoyo idagulitsidwa atangoyesedwa.
Mitunduyi idasintha dzina lake katatu, choyamba inali Mmera wa Yakovlev nambala 103, kenako Severyanka wa Yakovlev, kenako nkukhala Severyanka.
Koma kuyesera kwa obereketsa sikunathere pomwepo, ndipo patapita nthawi pang'ono ku siteshoni ku Chelyabinsk P.N. Yakovlev adalandira mitundu ya Severyanka podutsa mapeyala a Lyubimitsa Klapa ndi Koperechka No. 12.
Idakali yotchuka pakati pa wamaluwa a Ural, koma kubzala kwakukulu ku Severyanka ndikosowa kwambiri.
Ubwino ndi zovuta
Ubwino:
- kutentha kwakukulu kwa chisanu kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana kumawonekera bwino pakukula kumadera akumpoto ndi nyengo yovuta;
- Mtengo wa Severyanka ndi wawung'ono komanso wosakanikirana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azitha kukula mapeyala ngakhale m'malo ang'onoang'ono;
- kucha koyambirira, mutha kudzipaka zipatso zatsopano mu Ogasiti;
- ndi chisamaliro choyenera, mtengo umodzi umabweretsa makilogalamu 100 a zokolola;
- Severyanka imagonjetsedwa ndi nkhanambo;
- amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Zovuta:
- zipatso zambiri zimagwa tsiku lisanafike, kotero simungathe kudumpha nthawi yokolola;
- mapeyalawo ndi ochepa kukula kwake ndipo samasiyana mosiyanasiyana;
- Mitunduyi iyenera kuthiriridwa munthawi yake komanso mochuluka, chifukwa siyimalola chinyezi chokwanira;
- Moyo wa alumali wafupi komanso mayendedwe osavomerezeka zimapangitsa Severyanka kukhala yosasangalatsa pazamalonda.
Mbali za kubzala mbande ndi chisamaliro
Kudzala mtengo m'munda, choyamba muyenera kusankha komwe chidzakule... Poterepa, mawonekedwe amitundu yosankhidwa ayenera kukumbukiridwa:
- mchenga wa loam kapena loamy nthaka wokhala ndi humus wochuluka ndi woyenera kwambiri kwa Severyanka;
- madzi apansi sayenera kukhala patali pafupi ndi 2 mita kuchokera padziko lapansi, apo ayi mizu ya peyala imatha kukokoloka ndipo mtengowo udzafa;
- muyeneranso kupereka chitetezo chodalirika ku mphepo ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa.
Posankha mmera, ndibwino kuti muzikonda mbewu zazaka ziwiri, monga momwe ziwonetsedwera, zimatsutsana kwambiri ndikusintha malo atsopano. Ndi bwino kubzala mbewu mu Epulo kapena Seputembala.
Nthawi imasankhidwa kutengera nyengo ndi dera lomwe likukula, mtengo wobzalidwa kugwa sukhala ndi nyengo yozizira.
Kwa peyala yomwe idakumbidwa dzenje, kukula kwake komwe kudzakhala masentimita 60 akuya ndi mita imodzi m'lifupi... Pansi pa dzenje, chisakanizo chachonde chimayikidwa, chopangidwa ndi:
- 2 zidebe za kompositi kapena humus;
- 200 magalamu a feteleza wa potashi;
- Magalamu 800 a superphosphate.
Nthaka yokonzedwa iyenera kulowetsedwa, chifukwa chake kukumba dzenje liyenera kukhala sabata musanabzala mitengo:
- Choyamba, mizu imamizidwa mukulankhula zadongo.
- Kenako nthambi zowonongeka ndi zosweka zimachotsedwa, kuti chomeracho chigwiritse ntchito mphamvu zambiri pakusinthira dera latsopanolo, osati kuchiritsa.
- Kenako nyembazo zimayikidwa mu dzenje ndikuphimbidwa mosamala ndi nthaka.
- Msomali amayikidwa mwaukhondo pafupi ndi mtengo, womwe ungakhale ngati chothandizira, chomera chatsopano chomwe chimabzalidwa chimamangirizidwa kwa icho.
- Gawo lomaliza lidzakhala kuthirira kochuluka.
Kukula
Zosiyanasiyana za Severyanka zitha kusangalatsa wolima dimba ndi zipatso kale mchaka chachinayi cha moyo, koma chifukwa cha izi muyenera kusamalira mtengo ndikuupatsa zakudya zofunikira.
Mmerawo umadulidwa nthawi yomweyo mutabzala. Ngati mulibe nthambi zamagazi pamenepo, tsinde limadulidwa kutalika kwa masentimita 80-90 kuchokera pansi.
Zikakhala kuti pali nthambi kale pamtengo, ndiye amafupikitsidwa ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu, ndikusiya masamba atatu athanzi. Izi zidzafunika zaka zitatu zoyambirira za mtengo.
Kenako mtengowo udzafunika kudulira ukhondo., chifukwa chomwe wolima mundawo amachotsa nthambi zodwala, zakufa kapena zowonjezera. Mphukira zimachotsedwa mumtengo nthawi zonse.
Kuti mizu ipeze mpweya wochuluka momwe ungathere, kumasula nthaka mu thunthu lozungulira... Muyeneranso kukhala munthawi yake chotsani namsongole.
Poganizira kuti Severyanka amakonda chinyezi muyenera kuthirira madzi pafupipafupi, kuti nthaka isamaume.
M'chilimwe, kamodzi pachaka, kuvala mchere kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, kugwa, mtengowo umakhala ndi manyowa kapena manyowa.
Ngakhale Severyanka ndi mitundu yosagwira chisanu, imayenera kukonzekera bwino nthawi yachisanu... Kuti muchite izi, chisanu chisanayambe, mtengowo umathiriridwa ndi kuthiridwa mochulukira, potero amateteza mizu.
Kukolola ndi kusunga
Nthawi yokolola ili mkatikati mwa Ogasiti ndipo imatha mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Seputembara. Pafupi ndi nthawi yophukira, zamkati za peyala zimapeza mtundu wakuda. Zipatso zakupsa zimayamba kugwa ndipo pakadutsa masiku 2-3 mtengo umatayika kwambiri.
Ngati mutenga mapeyala okhwima bwino, ndiye zisungidwa kwa masiku opitilira 10... Nthawi yomweyo, amafunika kutentha kozizira komanso zotengera zamatabwa kapena zokutira.
Olima wamaluwa odziwa bwino amalimbikitsa kuti mukolole zipatso sabata sabata isanakwane, ndiye kuti zokolola zochepa zitha kugwa ndipo zisungidwa nthawi yayitali (miyezi iwiri).
Malo abwino kwambiri amawoneka ngati chipinda chosungira chozizira.koma m'malo mwake gwiritsani ntchito chipinda chapansi cha firiji.
Mawonekedwe:
Mbali yayikulu yosiyanitsa ya Severyanka ndi kutentha kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira. Milandu idalembedwa pomwe, ndi chisanu chanthawi yayitali mpaka -50 madigiri, mitengo yaying'ono yokha ndi yomwe idamwalira, ndipo kutentha kokhazikika kumasintha mpaka madigiri -42, gawo lokhalo lamtunda lidazizira, pomwe mizu idasungidwa.
Komanso zotere zosiyanasiyana zimachira msanga chisanu.
Tsopano Severyanka sagwiritsidwa ntchito pamalonda, ndipo ndizosatheka kupeza mbande zogulitsa. Mutha kukumana ndi Severyanka patsamba lamalima odziwa ntchito.
Izi zikufotokozedwa ndikuti obereketsa adatulutsa mitundu yambiri yambiri yolimbana ndi chisanu yomwe imakopa kwambiri ndipo imakhala ndi maubwino ambiri.
Severyanka imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa sayansi, ndipo yakhala kale mtundu wa makolo amitundu monga Yeseninskaya ndi Tyutchevskaya.
Mbali inanso yazosiyanasiyana ndikufunika koyendetsa mungu., chifukwa ndi njira yodziyimira pawokha, ndi 30% yokha ya zipatso zomwe zimangirizidwa.
Woyendetsa mungu wabwino kwambiri wa Severyanka adzakhala Pamyat Yakovlev, mitengo yotere imalangizidwa kuti iyikidwe pafupi.
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Severyanka samakonda kupezeka ndimatenda ndi tizilombo. Ali bwino nkhanambo kukana. Nthawi zambiri, matenda otsatirawa amapezeka pamitengo yamitunduyi:
- Matenda a Microplasma kapena "tsache la mfiti" ndi matenda owopsa pamtengo wazipatso. Imafalikira kudzera mu tizirombo kapena mbande. Cholinga cha matendawa sichingachiritsidwe, ndipo panthawiyi mtengo uyenera kuzulidwa ndikuwotchedwa.
- Zipatso zowola - imakhudza mapeyala, gawo loyamba ndikuwoneka kwa mawanga abulauni, omwe amakula pakapita nthawi ndikuwononga mbewu, klorini yamkuwa kapena brodsky madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira zowongolera.
- Kutentha kwa bakiteriya - imawonekera masamba atazizira. Ngati matenda apezeka, mtengowo umapopera mankhwala opha tizilombo masiku asanu aliwonse. Pofuna kupewa kufalikira kwa mabakiteriya, zida zonse zimathandizidwa mu boric acid.
Severyanka saukiridwa ndi njenjete ndi peyala ndulu mite. Gulugufe wa hawthorn ndiowopsa.
Monga kumenyana naye pamene mbozi yambiri imasonkhana pamtengo, imathandizidwa ndi Karbofos, Iskra kapena mankhwala ena ophera tizilombo.
Njira yayikulu yothanirana ndi matenda aliwonse kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikuchotsa zovuta zawo zonse, i.e. magawo omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka mtengo, zipatso kapena masamba omwe agwa, omwe amayenera kuwotchedwa nthawi yomweyo.
Monga njira yodzitetezera kumatenda mitengo imafunika kusamalidwa bwino, kuthirira, kudyetsa ndi kudulira ukhondo ziyenera kuchitika nthawi yake. M'dzinja ndi masika, tikulimbikitsidwa kupopera mbewu ndi madzi a Brodsky.
Mukamagwira ntchito ndi mankhwala aliwonse, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zanu zodzitetezera.
Ndemanga zamaluwa
Galina: "Severyanka ndi wokhalamo wakale kwambiri m'munda mwanga. Zokolola zimapereka ndalama zochuluka, m'zaka zoyambirira amadya mopitirira muyeso, tsopano zimatsalira. Ndimagwiritsa ntchito mitundu iyi popanga timadziti, posachedwa ndidayamba kuyanika mapeyala. Mitunduyi imakhala ndi kukoma kosangalatsa, kotsekemera komanso kowawa ndi ma astringency, mapeyala ndi ochepa kwambiri ndi mbiya yofiira. Kusamalira mtengo sikovuta, makamaka tsopano popeza udakhwima kale ndikusintha nyengo yathu. "
Olga: "Abambo anga adayamba kukulitsa Severyanka, dacha yathu ili ku Urals, chifukwa chake ndizovuta kupeza mitundu yambiri yamapeyala. Tsopano pali mitengo yambiri yazipatso patsambalo, yomwe imaposa kangapo kuposa Severyanka, koma sindingayerekeze kuzizula. Amabala zipatso mosalekeza chaka ndi chaka, amalekerera kutentha pang'ono, komanso amakhala ndi kukoma kosangalatsa. Kuphatikiza pazosiyanasiyana izi ndikumva kukoma kwa ubwana wanga ndipo ine ndekha ndikupitiliza kuwapangira ana anga. "
Vladimir: "Pali mitengo yambiri yosiyanasiyana patsamba langa, ndipo Severyanka adagwira gawo lofunikira pano. Ndi pollinator wabwino kwambiri pamitundu yambiri, komanso, pogwiritsira ntchito katunduyo mothandizidwa, mutha kupeza zipatso zina zabwino kwambiri pakulawa ndi mawonekedwe. Nyengo yathu imakhala yovuta ndipo mtengo wokhwima umawalekerera. "
Severyanka kwanthawi yayitali idasiya kufunikira kwake ndipo sakugwiritsidwa ntchito pakadali pano.
Koma amaluwa okonda masewerawa sakufuna kunena za mtengo uwu, kupeza momwemo mopindulitsa, nthawi zina osazindikira zovuta zambiri zamitundu.