Mabulosi aliwonse a currant ndi nkhokwe yosayerekezeka ya mavitamini, gwero lokonzekera zokoma zokometsera, zakumwa za zipatso ndikudzaza ma pie. Popanda kukokomeza, zipatso zabwino, zochuluka zodzitukumula, zopota, zipatso zowala ndizokhumba kwa wamaluwa aliyense. Ndi yeniyeni, yokhala ndi tchire loyenera, poganizira nyengo, ndikuwasamalira bwino.
Koma, ma currants ali ndi mdani wamkulu - majeremusi, omwe amachepetsa kwambiri zokolola, kapena amalepheretsa zoyesayesa zonse za wokhala mchilimwe... Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amaperekedwa pa tchire la mabulosi ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi nthata za impso. Kuyanika kapena kugubuduza masamba ndi mphukira zitha kukhala zizindikilo zoyambirira za matenda. Tiyeni tiwone chifukwa chake tiziromboti timawonekera, choti tichite komanso momwe tingachitire nawo?
Chifukwa chiyani masamba a currant amatembenukira chikasu ndi youma
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda amtchire, momwe masamba ndi mphukira zatsopano zimayamba kuuma, nthawi zambiri ndimatenda a fungal ndi tizirombo.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timavulaza ma currants ndi awa:
- kangaude;
- impso;
- mtsuko wamagalasi wama currant;
- currant tsamba ndulu midge;
- currant mphukira ndulu midge;
- nsabwe za m'masamba;
- jamu kuwombera nsabwe za m'masamba.
Currants amadwala matenda otsatirawa:
- spheroteka;
- kufooka;
- septoriasis;
- dzimbiri;
- Dzimbiri.
Nthawi zambiri, tchire la currant limavutika ndi nsabwe za m'masamba zosiyanasiyana ndi nthata za impso.
Impso, njira zothetsera vutoli
Izi tizilombo amakhala pa currant chitsamba moyo wake wonse. Tizilombo tating'ono kwambiri, kutalika kwa thupi la mkazi ndi 1.5-3 mm okha, ndipo amunawo ndi ocheperako... Tizilombo timabisala ndipo timayikira mazira m'masamba a chomeracho. Pamene mphutsi zaswa, palibe malo okwanira, motsatana, amasamukira ku masamba oyandikana nawo, ndikupeza mphukira zatsopano. Kotero, chitsamba chonse cha currant chimakhudzidwa, ndiyeno pafupi currant tchire ndi zomera zina - raspberries, gooseberries ndi ena - nawonso amadwala.
Inde, mphukira siyimera ngati ikukhudzidwa ndi tizilombo. Ngati nthambi zotere zikukula, ndiye kuti zasintha. Chifukwa chake, zokolola zimachepetsanso. Kuphatikiza pakuchepetsa zipatso, nthata zimayambitsanso mavuto ena. Amakhala ndi matenda ambiri omwe amatha kupweteketsa mbewu, kuphatikiza ma curl kapena ma marbling.... Mu matendawa, masamba amapiringana ndikukhala omata, pafupifupi ngati nsabwe za m'masamba.
Pali njira zambiri zothetsera nkhupakupa zomwe zakhazikitsidwa pa currants:
Kutsanulira madzi otentha
Njira yothetsera vutoli ndiyabwino kwambiri kuwononga chilengedwe komanso yotsika mtengo. Njirayi ndi yothandiza kwambiri - mphutsi zonse zimafa panthawi yopuma, ndipo tchire likukulirakulirabe.
Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi otentha kumakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake:
- osafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito madzi otentha, kutentha kokwanira madigiri 60-80;
- zidzakhala zosavuta kutsanulira nthambi ngati muwamange pamodzi;
- nkhupakupa zimayamba kugwira ntchito ndi cheza choyamba chofunda, ngati chitsamba chayamba kuphuka, ndiye kuti simungathirire madzi otentha... Kukonzekera kuyenera kuchitidwa "haze wobiriwira" asanawonekere;
- kusinthanitsa kuthenso Komanso kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira.
Kuchotsa pamanja
Njirayi imafuna kusinkhasinkha komanso kuleza mtima. Kusanja masambawo kuti muchotse nkhupakupa kuyenera kuchitika kumayambiriro kwa masika, musanatsegule.
Njirayi ili ndi zovuta ziwiri zazikulu.... Choyamba, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kusiyanitsa impso zowoneka bwino ndi zomwe mphutsi zabisala. Chachiwiri, pali mwayi waukulu wodula mphukira zathanzi, makamaka kumapeto kwa kuyendera mbewu.
Posankha njira iyi, masamba onse omwe achotsedwa ayenera kusonkhanitsidwa mu chidebe chimodzi ndikuwotcha.
Sulfa mankhwala
Zokonzekera zotchuka kwambiri komanso zothandiza za sulfa ndi izi:
- sulfure colloidal;
- mandimu-sulfuric msuzi.
Nkhupakupa sizingalekerere sulfa yamtundu uliwonse. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi sulfa ndizotsimikizira kuti tizirombo sitingakhazikike pa tchire.
Ngati chomeracho chakhudzidwa kwambiri, ndiye kuti muyenera kukonzekera yankho la sulfure molingana ndi magalamu 10 pa lita imodzi ya madzi, ndikuchiritsani. Tchire amachiritsidwa ndi sulfa kawiri:
- asanayambe maluwa kapena pachiyambi, njira ya 2% imagwiritsidwa ntchito;
- Pambuyo maluwa - 1% kapena 1.5% osakaniza ndi sulfure.
Pali chiwopsezo chachikulu chotsalira mchaka chakukonza njirayi popanda mbewu, komabe Mankhwalawa amawonongeratu nkhupakupa komanso matenda a mafangasi... Ndikofunikira kutsatira malangizo omwe afotokozedwera m'malamulo azamankhwala kuti azitsatira njira zachitetezo mukamagwira nawo ntchito.
Kudulira
Uwu ndiye muyeso wopyola malire. Ngati nkhupakupa mwadzidzidzi imakhala yosagonjetsedwa ndi chilichonse padziko lapansi, ndipo izi, ngakhale ndizosowa kwambiri, koma zimachitika, chomeracho chimadulidwa kumizu kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, kapena amakumbidwa kotheratu, ndiko kuti, kuwonongedweratu.
Pambuyo pa kuwonongeka kwa tchire lomwe linali ndi matenda, komanso mutatha kulidulira, chida chonse chomwe ntchitoyo idagwiridwira chiyenera kuthiridwa mankhwala, ngati kuli kotheka, ndibwino kutenthetsanso.
Zithandizo ndi njira za anthu
Kalekale anamenya ndi nthata ndi adyo... Amangobzalidwa kuzungulira tchire, ndikupanga mtundu wa mpanda motsutsana ndi tiziromboti.
Komanso, mphukira zomwe zidakhudzidwa zidadzazidwa ndi msuzi wa adyo - 200-300 magalamu adyo wosenda pamadzi okwanira 10 malita.
Ngati maluwa ayamba kale, ndiye kuti tchire amapopera ndi decoctions kuchokera kuzomera monga:
- fodya ndi chomera, koma fodya yemwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nawonso ndioyenera;
- dandelion;
- Walnut.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa tiyi wosavuta wa tiyi kwadziwonetsanso bwino.
Pogwiritsa ntchito maphikidwe owerengeka, muyenera kukumbukira kuti izi ndi zabwino ndikufalitsa pang'ono kwa nkhupakupa. Ngati dera lomwe lakhudzidwa ndi kachilomboka ndi lalikulu, ndiye kuti njira zoyenera ziyenera kuchitidwa.
Palibe chabwino kupewera nkhupakupa kuposa ma acaricides... Uwu ndi mzere wamakono wamankhwala omwe ali ndi zochitika zambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuthandizira osati kulimbana ndi nkhupakupa, komanso ndi tizirombo tina ndi matenda angapo. Kukonzekera kumafotokozedwa kwambiri m'misika iliyonse yamaluwa ndipo ndi njira ina yonse yopangira sulfa, yomwe imakhudza, koma osavulaza tchire.
Nsabwe za m'masamba zoyera, zakuda ndi zofiira currants, momwe mungamenyere?
Ngati zotupa zimawonekera pamasamba ofiira kapena oyera currants, ndipo masamba a currant yakuda amapindika kukhala machubu. Izi zikuwonetsa kugonjetsedwa kwa mbewu ndi tiziromboti monga nsabwe za m'masamba.
Nsabwe za m'masamba nthawi zambiri zimakhazikika pa tchire la mitundu yoyera ndi yofiira:
- ndulu yofiira;
- currant ubweya.
Nsabwe zakuda za jamu amakonda chimodzimodzi.
Zowopsa pazomera zodwala komanso zokonda kwambiri nsabwe za m'masamba ndi nyengo monga:
- ouma;
- kutentha;
- dzuwa.
Masiku onse opumira mdziko muno, ngati kuti amapangira kanyenya ndikutchetcha, amakondedwa osati ndi anthu okha, komanso nsabwe za m'masamba. Muyenera kuthana ndi kachilomboka nthawi zonse, chifukwa moyo wa munthu ndi waufupi kwambiri, ndipo m'nyengo yotentha, imatha kusintha kuchokera mibadwo 10 mpaka 15 m'gulu limodzi la tizilombo.
Nsabwe za m'masamba zomwe zimakhala pa currant ndi kachilombo kakang'ono kwambiri, pafupifupi, kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala 2.2 mm okha. Kutsekeka kwapafupi, tizirombo timawoneka ngati chigamba cha utoto wonyezimira, wachikaso kapena wobiriwira.
Nsabwe za m'masamba amadya madzi a currant masamba, kuluma mwa iwo kuchokera kumbuyo. Ngakhale malo okhala tizirombo tating'ono amatenga mphamvu zambiri kuchokera kuthengo., Kuchepetsa kwambiri osati zokolola zokha, komanso kukula ndi chitukuko cha ma currants.
Kuwonongeka kwa nsabwe za m'masamba ndi uchi, kapena, monga umatchedwanso, uchi - wokonda kwambiri nyerere. Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti nyerere zimadya nsabwe za m'masamba, zomwe zimathandiza nzika zakumalimwe kuzimenya. Sizili choncho konse. m'malo mwake, nyerere zimateteza tizilombo ting'onoting'ono ndipo zimafalitsa nsabwe za m'masamba, kuzipititsa ku mphukira zatsopano ndi tchire loyandikana nalo.
Nsabwe za m'masamba ndi nyerere ndizachilengedwe zachilengedwe, motero, ndikofunikira kwambiri, kuyambira polimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, kuwononga nyerere.
Mutha kuthana ndi tizirombo ta tizilombo m'njira zotsatirazi:
- powona masamba otupa pa tchire, amawombera ndi ziphuphu zamasamba, muyenera kutero nthawi yomweyo, osazengereza, kudula ndi kutentha;
- amathandiza bwino kupopera tchire ndikukonzekera tsamba lililonse ndi kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa ndi makhorka, yokonzedwa motere - 400-500 magalamu pa 10 malita a madzi;
- zotsatira zabwino zimapereka kusamba m'manja pepala lililonse kenako ndikupopera mbewu yonse ndi yankho la sopo ndi soda - sopo wambiri ndi supuni ya soda pa lita imodzi yamadzi;
- celandine ndi poyizoni wa nsabwe za m'masambaChifukwa chake, mutakonza kulowetsedwa m'magawo 3.5-4 makilogalamu a celandine mwatsopano pa 10 malita a madzi, mutha kupopera tchire, lomwe lakhudzidwa kale komanso lathanzi, koma muyenera kuvala magolovesi ndi makina opumira, popeza celandine imatha kuyambitsa mkwiyo;
- basi sambani tsamba lililonse ndi sopo ndipo kuthawa, mwini nyumba ndiye wabwino.
Kuphatikiza pa njira zovomerezekazi komanso zosavuta, mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi tizirombo titha kugwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, monga:
- vofatox;
- karbofos;
- kinmix;
- aktara;
- kutuloji.
Mndandanda wa mankhwala operekedwa kwa wamaluwa ndi mafakitalewa ndi akulu kwambiri komanso osiyanasiyana, koma mulimonse momwe mungasankhire, muyenera kupopera tchire katatu:
- mchaka, mphukira isanatuluke;
- masamba atatha kuwonekera;
- m'chilimwe, pafupifupi mwezi umodzi musanatenge zipatso (Julayi - Ogasiti, kutengera mitundu).
Pazinthu zodzitetezera, kuti poyamba muopsyeze nsabwe za m'masamba, ndibwino kubzala mbewu pafupi ndi currants zomwe sizimalekerera:
- anyezi;
- katsabola;
- tomato;
- adyo;
- timbewu;
- parsley;
- basil;
- mapira;
- mfulu;
- marigold.
Zikhala zothandiza kwambiri kutsatira njira zonse, kuphatikiza kuzindikira ndi kupopera nyerere. Kuthetsa nsabwe za m'masamba kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, koma ndizotheka.
Nanga bwanji ngati currant yauma?
Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe tchire limatha kuyamba kukhala lachikasu komanso louma, koma onse atha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu:
- zochitika zachilengedwe;
- zochita za tizirombo;
- mmera matenda.
Zoyambitsa zachilengedwe zimaphatikizapo nyengo, monga chilala. Malo olakwika omwe tchire limakulirako ndi dzuwa komanso louma, kapena, kuchepa kwa chinyezi, komwe kumayambitsa kuvunda kwa mizu.
Tizilombo tomwe timavulaza ma currants ndizomwe zimayambitsa tsamba kuyanika. Kuphatikiza pa majeremusi achikhalidwe, nyerere ndi agulugufe amoto amatha kuyambitsa matenda.
Matenda omwe amatsogolera ku kuyanika kwa mbewu nthawi zambiri amatengedwa ndi tizilombo. Zomwe zimafala kwambiri ndi izi:
- zojambula zovekedwa ndi mikwingwirima;
- anthracnose, matenda a mafangasi omwe amafunikira kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu;
- powdery mildew, onse aku Europe ndi America;
- matenda;
- dzimbiri, chikho chonse ndi chipilala.
Ngati magwero a kuyanika kwa ma currants ndi chifukwa cha nyengo, mwachitsanzo, nthawi yotentha komanso yotentha, ndiye kuti ndizosavuta kuthana nayo. Mukungoyenera kuthirira. Amamwa tchire zambiri, kuyambira 1.5 mpaka 2 x zidebe patsiku... Pakati pa kucha kwa zipatso, kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe mbewu imalandira kuyenera kukulitsidwa mpaka zidebe zitatu.
Simungathe kuthirira ma currants ndi madzi ozizira, chifukwa cha chisamaliro chake chomeracho chimatha kudwala. Madzi amayenera kutentha bwino padzuwa. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kuyimba m'mawa, ndikuisiya mpaka tsikulo.
Ngati chitsamba chidzauma chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mizu, chifukwa cha kusefukira kwamadzi, komwe kumachitika mvula yotentha kwambiri, zochita ziyenera kukhala motere:
- Thirani nthaka pansi pa chomera;
- kukumba ngalande kuzungulira tchire, pamtunda wa 50-60 cm.
Mvula ikamaliza kugwa, nthaka ikauma, ngalandezo ziyenera kudzazidwa, chifukwa ma currants ndi chomera chokonda chinyezi, ndipo munthawi yoyenera sifunikira ngalande zamadzi.
Tchire likamauma chifukwa cha tizilombo kapena matenda, ndiye kuti pali njira zoyenera kuchitira.
Sikuti wokhalamo wamasiku ano aliyense amamvetsetsa mitundu ya tizirombo ta tizilombo kapena matenda osiyanasiyana azomera. choncho Mankhwala odziwika bwino kwambiri, zinthu monga:
- sulfure;
- phosphomide;
- karbofos;
- Vitriol;
- madzi a bordeaux;
- phytosporin;
- maziko.
Matenda a fungal, monga anthracnose, amafunikira chithandizo cha fung fungus m'tchire posachedwa. Wothandizira matendawa, bowa, amayamba m'masamba akugwa. Ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kuchotsa masamba patsamba lino ndikuwotcha... Matendawa amadziwonetsera pakati pa chilimwe, ngati mawanga ofiira ofiira pamasamba. Matendawa akapanda kuchiritsidwa, "totupa" limagwira masamba onse, kenako nkuwonetsa phulusa, ndikupatsira mbewu zoyandikana nazo.
Monga njira zodzitetezera ku tizilombo ndi matenda, izi ndi zothandiza kwambiri:
- kukonza ma currants ndi nthaka Pansi pake 2% mayankho a nitrophene kapena karbofos mchaka. Asanatuluke mphukira;
- kupopera nthawi ndi nthawi M'nthawi yotentha tchire ndi maziko.
Nthawi zambiri currant imangouma chifukwa tchire limakalamba. Poterepa, mwina muyenera kuyikonzanso ndi kudulira, kapena kukumba, ndipo, mutapha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikuthira nthaka, mudzala yatsopano.
Sizovuta kwenikweni kuonetsetsa kuti ma currants amabala zipatso bwino, osapweteka kapena kuwuma. Kungokwanira kutsatira zina:
- molondola sankhani malo a tchireosati youma kwambiri komanso yopanda madzi;
- perekani kuthirira kulowa m'chilala;
- chotsani masamba akufa;
- mwatsatanetsatane kupanga mbewu;
- mwachidwi kuyang'anira boma tchire.
Mwa kutsatira malamulo osavuta awa, Ma currants amasangalatsidwa chaka ndi chaka ndi zipatso zazikulu, zowutsa mudyo, zokoma komanso zathanzi.