Kulima kabichi kumakhala ndi zochenjera zambiri, chifukwa kwa nthawi yayitali simukudziwa ngati kuyesetsa kwanu kungabweretse zokolola zambiri. Koma ndi zosiyanasiyana monga Valentina F1, palibe zolakwika zilizonse, ndipo zotsatira zake zimawoneka nthawi yayitali kukolola. Izi zosiyanasiyana zakuchedwa kabichi ndi wosakanizidwa ndipo zakhala zikudziwika kale pakati pa wamaluwa. Malongosoledwe ndi mawonekedwe amitundu iyi amapezeka pansipa.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a Valentine kabichi osiyanasiyana
Kabichi Valentine F1 idakulira ku N.N. Timiryazev Breeding Station ndi obereketsa A.V. Kryuchkov, G.F.Monakhos ndi D. Patsuria. Kale mayesero oyamba a mtundu uwu wosakanizidwa adatsimikizira zokolola zambiri zamtunduwu. ndi kuyenera kwake kukulira m'malo osiyanasiyana nyengo.
Kuyambira mphukira kumera mpaka kusasitsa kwa Valentine F1 wosakanizidwa, masiku 140-180 amatha, ndipo imatha kulimidwa ponseponse panja komanso mu wowonjezera kutentha. Mutu wa kabichi uli ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, m'malo olimba, olemera makilogalamu 3-5. Kunja, imakutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira omwe amakhala ndi maluwa obiriwira obiriwira, omwe ndi mitundu yosakanikirana ya Valentine wosakanizidwa. Mafoloko amakhala oyera akamadulidwa.
Valentina F1 ikukhazikika mpaka kuzizira kosakhazikika ndipo imapirira mosavuta kuzizira kwakanthawi kochepa mwadzidzidzi, zomwe sizikhala ndi zotsatirapo posungira zina. Ngati mbewu zazikulu zimalekerera chisanu mpaka -5 -8 C °, ndiye kuti mbande - mpaka -3 C °.
Poyamba, kabichi imamva kuwawa pang'ono, komwe kumasowa kwathunthu posungira. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tidye mtundu wosakanizidwawu pasanathe miyezi itatu mutakolola. Munthawi imeneyi, mafoloko amakhala okoma, owutsa mudyo komanso otsekemera, opanda mitsempha yolimba.
Monga chomera china chilichonse, F1 Valentine ili ndi zabwino zake ndi zovuta zake.
Ubwino wake ndi monga:
- chabwino chisanu kukana;
- mkulu Zotuluka;
- Kutalika alumali moyo, pomwe kukoma kwa mitu ya kabichi kumangowonjezera;
- zipatso kugonjetsedwa ndi akulimbana;
- mitu ya kabichi wabwino kunyamula mayendedwe;
- kukana matenda ambirikuphatikizapo fusarium;
- kukhazikika bwino kwa mphanda chifukwa cha mwendo wotsika;
- kutha kugwiritsa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana - mwatsopano, kuzifutsa, mchere, kuzifutsa, yokazinga.
Koma kuwonjezera pa zabwino za mitunduyo, imaperekanso zovuta:
- kufuna nthakaimakula bwino pa loam ndi peat;
- salola kulekerera pafupipafupi chinyezi cha nthaka;
- wokonda dzuwa;
- amafunikira zambiri kuchuluka kwa chinyezi panthawi yopanga mphanda;
- kutentha kuposa 30 C ° mafoloko "amapita" m'masamba;
- nthawi yonse yokula Valentine zosiyanasiyana zimafunika kuthirira ndi kudyetsa;
- Kutalika nthawi yokolola.
Kufesa mbewu za mbande
Mafoloko osiyanasiyana amachedwa nthawi zonse kubzala kudzera mmera. Koma musanayambe kubzala, muyenera kusankha mbewu zoyenera. Ngati agulidwa m'sitolo kwa ogulitsa odalirika, ndiye kuti mbewu zotere sizikusowa kukonzekera koyambirira, zomwe zikuphatikizapo izi:
- kuumitsa;
- kupha tizilombo;
- kutentha;
- zilowerere.
Nthawi zambiri, mashelufu amakhala ndi zaka 3-4, pomwe mbewu zimasunga mitundu yonse ya haibridi.
Nthawi yofesa mbewu ya mbande imadalira tsiku loyenera kubzala. Poganizira kuti yabzalidwa m'nthaka koyambirira kwa Juni, nthawi yabwino yofesa mbewu ndi Meyi 6, Komabe, izi zitha kuchitidwanso mu Epulo.
Mukamaika, mbande ziyenera kukhala osachepera masiku 35.
Nthawi yomalizira yobzala mbewu ndi Meyi 21, womwe ndi Tsiku la St. Nicholas.
Mbeu zitasankhidwa, muyenera kukonza malo oti mufesere. Pazinthu izi, gawo lapansi lotayirira komanso lopatsa thanzi likufunika, index ya acidity yomwe siyidutsa pH 6. Mutha kugula zosakaniza zopangidwa ndi dothi m'sitolo yapadera, kapena mutha kudzikonzera nokha:
- Sakanizani magawo ofanana humus ndi dziko lapansi ndi 5-6 makilogalamu osakaniza muyenera kuwonjezera galasi lamchenga.
- Sakanizani gawo limodzi la magawo atatu ndi peat ndipo pa makilogalamu 3-4 aliwonse osakaniza onjezerani makapu 1.5 a mchenga.
Dothi lofesa likakhala lokonzeka, ndibwino kugawa njerezo panthaka yonyowa. Pamwamba pa nyembazo, gawo limodzi lokhala ndi gawo limodzi lokonzekera liyenera kutsanulidwa, kenako kuthiriridwa mosamala kuchokera mu botolo la kutsitsi.
Chidebecho chomwe chimafesa mbewu chimaphimbidwa ndikuyika malo amdima koma otentha ndi kutentha kwa mpweya kwa 15 ° C. Poterepa, munthu sayenera kuiwala kuyang'anira mbande, zomwe zimaswa pambuyo pa masiku 3-7. Mphukira zoyamba zikawoneka, ndikofunikira kutenga chidebecho ndi mbande pamalo owala kuti mbeu zisatambasulidwe.
Kutola mbande ndi kubzala mbande pansi
Pambuyo pa masamba awiri owona pa mbande, mbandezo zimayenera kumizidwa. Ili ndi dzina lodzala mbande mu chidebe china ndikutsina mizu, yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wokulitsa mbewuzo.
Kuti muchite izi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita izi:
- Thirirani mbande zochuluka, dikirani mpaka chinyezi chilowemo, kenako tulutsani mosamala mmera pamodzi ndi mtanda wa nthaka womatira ku mizu.
- Chepetsa pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mizu.
- Ikani mizu pansi mpaka masamba obisika, kenako ndikuphimba ndi nthaka.
- Zikuchokera lapansi osakaniza iyenera kukhala yofanana ndi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala mbande.
Ngati nthawi yomweyo mumabzala mbewu za kabichi mochulukira, ndiye kuti simudzamera mbande.
Masamba awiri akamawonekera pazomera, ndiye mbande za kabichi zomwe zafika kutalika kwa masentimita 13-16 zimatha kubzalidwa m'munda. Koma musanachite izi, muyenera kaye kukonzekera nthaka yobzala mbewu. Valentina F1 kabichi imakonda dothi loamy momwe chinyontho chimasungidwa bwino. Bedi lam'munda liyenera kukhala lowala bwino ndi dzuwa, chifukwa zosiyanazi sizimalola mthunzi wambiri.
Ndi bwino kukonzekera malo oti mubzale mbande nthawi yophukira, ndikuwona kasinthasintha ka mbeu. Kabichi imakula bwino pambuyo pa anyezi, nkhaka, kaloti, tomato, nyemba ndi chimanga, zomwe zimalimbikitsa nthaka ndi michere yofunikira pazomera zopachikidwa. Mukabzala hybrid ya Valentine F1 pambuyo pa "abale" anu (swede, radish ndi radish), ndiye kuti ikula ndikubala zipatso moperewera, popeza dziko lapansi silikhala ndi ma microelements okwanira.
Ntchito yokonzekera yophukira mbande ndi iyi:
- Kukumba munda kuya kuya kwambiri.
- Tiyenera kuthira nthaka, yomwe manyowa amayamba kugwa, pamlingo wa chidebe chimodzi pa mita imodzi yamunda.
- M'chaka m'nthaka kuwonjezera Supuni 2 za superphosphate zimawonjezedwa pa mita imodzi mita imodzi, komanso galasi la phulusa loyera.
Mukamabzala mitundu ya Valentine F1 pamalo okhazikika, ziyenera kuti usiku kutentha kwa mpweya sikutsika pansi pa 3 C °. Ndi bwino kugwira ntchitoyi madzulo, dzuwa litalowa, kapena kusankha tsiku lamitambo lodzala kabichi.
Mukamabzala mbande pabedi lamunda, tikulimbikitsidwa kutsanulira chisakanizo cha nitrophoska, phulusa ndi humus mu chiyerekezo cha 1: 4: 16 mu bowo lililonse. muyenera kuyika mmera mpaka tsamba loyamba, kuti polepheretsa kukula kuti igone ndi dziko lapansi.
Ndondomeko ya mmera Valentina F1 - 65-70 masentimita pakati pa mizere ndi 40 cm pakati pa zomera... Pobzala kwambiri, mitu ya kabichi imatha kukula bwino ndikuchepetsa thupi. Mukabzala, ndikofunikira kuthirira mbande iliyonse.
Kusamalira kabichi
Kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino kuchokera ku mitundu ya Valentine, muyenera kuyesetsa. Izi zikuphatikiza kuthirira, kumasula, kupalira, kuphwanya ndi kudyetsa.
Mutabzala mbande, kuthirira tsiku ndi tsiku ndikofunikira. Komanso, kufunika kwakukulu kwa chinyezi kumachitika nthawi yakukhazikitsa ndikukula kwa mitu ya kabichi. Ngati panthawiyi kusowa kwa madzi, ndiye kuti kabichi yonse imatha kulowa masamba. Komanso, kusowa chinyezi kumatha kubweretsa kukhwima kwa mitu ya kabichi yosakhwima osati yowutsa mudyo.
Ndikofunika kuthirira mafoloko opangidwa m'mawa kwambiri kapena madzulo, pomwe madzi akuyenera kukhala pafupifupi malita 5 pachomera chilichonse. Madzi atalowa kwathunthu, Ndikofunika kumasula dziko lapansi mpaka masentimita 6, popeza madzi owonjezera a Valentine F1 osiyanasiyana ndi owononga - mizu yake imawola mwachangu ndipo chomeracho chimafa.
Ndikofunika kusiya kuthirira masabata 3-4 musanakolole. Munthawi imeneyi, mitu ya kabichi idzakhala ndi nthawi yokhala ndi shuga, kukhalabe ndi malonda ndipo idzasungidwa bwino.
Kulamulira namsongole kumathandizanso, Ndiponsotu, amachotsa pang'onopang'ono mapulagi a dzuwa ndipo nthawi zambiri amayambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana. Kutsegula nthaka kumathandiza kuthana ndi namsongole, zomwe zimangopindulitsa kabichi.
Njira ina yosamalira ndi kupopera, zomwe zimathandiza kuti phesi ligwire mutu wolemetsa bwino. Kukwapula kumachitika kawiri pa nyengo:
- Nthawi yoyamba hilling yachitika masiku 7-10 mutabzala mbande kumalo okhazikika ikazika mizu bwino.
- Kutsika kwachiwiri kumachitika pambuyo pa miyezi 1-1.5mutu wa kabichi ukayamba kupanga. Pothandizidwa ndi hilling, ndizotheka kuteteza mutu wa kabichi ku chinyezi chowonjezera ndikuletsa chomeracho kugwa mbali imodzi ndi mphepo yamphamvu.
Kuzama kwa Hilling - osapitirira masentimita 6, kukula kwa dothi kuli pafupifupi chomera chimodzi - masentimita 30. Ndi bwino kuchita hilling mutagwa mvula yambiri kapena kuthirira kwambiri.
Kudyetsa kowonjezera kumachitika kanayi nthawi yakukula. Kuti mitu ya kabichi ipange bwino, imafunika nayitrogeni, phosphorous, calcium ndi potaziyamu. Popeza zinthu zonsezi zimapezeka mu manyowa a ng'ombe, mutha kusinthitsa kuyambitsa mchere ndi feteleza pansi pa kabichi.
Kukolola ndi kusunga
Mutha kuyamba kukolola m'masiku otsiriza a Seputembala kapena koyambirira kwa Okutobala. Ndikofunika kusunga mitu ya kabichi mchipinda chapansi, kutentha kosapitirira 1 C ° osaposa +5 C °. Kupanda kutero, kabichi imatha kuzizira kapena kuyamba kuvunda.
Njira zazikulu zosungira:
- pachithandara;
- mu limbo;
- m'mabokosi.
Amayi ena amakulunga mutu uliwonse wa kabichi ndi pepala kapena kanema wapa chakudya, zomwe zimasunga uchi wa mafoloko. Musanasungire, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa mitu yonse ya kabichi ndikusankha zosalongosoka. Komanso masamba onse am'mwamba amachotsedwa pamtundu uliwonse, ndikusiya 2-3 ya foloko iliyonse.
Mtundu wa Valentina F1 umasungidwa kwa miyezi 7, komanso chifukwa cha kukoma kwake komanso zothandiza za mutu wa kabichi, mtundu uwu wosakanizidwa ndiwokongola kulimidwa m'minda yamafakitale komanso yaboma.