Maapulo mwina ndi amodzi mwa zipatso zotchuka komanso zomwe amakonda. Mavitamini, michere, kuphatikiza chitsulo, kuphatikiza kulawa kwabwino, amaika maapulo pamalo apamwamba pakati pa zipatso zingapo zamchere. Mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, Renet Semerenko ndiyofunika kuwunikira. - maapulo, kukoma komwe kumadziwika bwino kwa aliyense kuyambira ali mwana.
Kufotokozera kwa maapulo a Semerenko
Semerenko amatchedwa mosiyana, komabe, dzina lolondola ndi Renet Platon Simirenko polemekeza abambo a wobereketsa waku Ukraine, yemwe adapeza zosiyanazi m'zaka za zana la 19. Zipatso zamtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira, mawonekedwe osakanikirana okhala ndi madontho angapo owala, pang'ono osalala. Zipatso zomwe zimakololedwa Kummwera zimakhala ndi rasipiberi pang'ono pambali dzuwa. Zosiyanasiyana zimaonedwa ngati nyengo yozizira.
Amakololedwa kuyambira kumapeto kwa Seputembala mpaka pakati nthawi yophukira... Maapulo amawerengedwa kuti ndi nyengo yozizira, popeza mbewu zomwe adakolola zimasungidwa bwino m'nyengo yozizira, osataya kulawa konse, kuwonetsera, kapena zinthu zina zofunika. Mitengo imayamba kubala zipatso pambuyo pa zaka 3-5. Ntchito zokhala ndi chisamaliro choyenera ndizokwera.
Mitengo ya Apple yamtunduwu ndi mitundu yodzipangira yokha, ndiye kuti, sitha kudzipukutira bwino kwambiri. Pazokolola zambiri, mitengo ya Renet Semerenko iyenera kubzalidwa moyandikira mitundu ina yamitengo ya apulo, yomwe imadzala ndi mungu.
Semerenko sangakhale chifukwa cha mbewu zosagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu. Amapezeka kwambiri kumadera akumwera.... M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri, mitengo imafuna kutchinjiriza kwina kwa mitengo ikulu m'nyengo yozizira ndi zida zapadera. Kusunga kutentha m'nthaka yozungulira mtengowo kumatheka ndi mulch. Pofuna kuteteza makoswe ndi tizirombo tina, mitengoyo imapangidwa ndi mandimu kapena yokutidwa ndi choko.
Mbiri yakubereka
Magwero amtunduwu sadziwika kwenikweni. A Lev Platonovich Simirenko, potchula mitundu ija potengera abambo ake, amaganiza kuti mitengo ya maapulo ndi ya mitundu yakayiwalika ku West, kapena idachitika chifukwa chongooloka mwangozi. Adalembetsedwa mu kaundula waboma wa Soviet Union mu 1947... Ku Russia, ndizofala kumadera monga Krasnodar Territory, Stavropol Territory, Republic of Adygea, KBR, KCR, North Ossetia ndi madera ena.
Makhalidwe a mitengo ndi zipatso
Maapulo a Semerenko amatha kuwerengedwa kuti ndi akulu mokwanira - kulemera kwapakati kumakhala pafupifupi 150g, kulemera kwa zipatso zokulirapo kumafika 200g... Monga lamulo, maapulo ndi ozungulira, nthawi zina amawoneka ngati makona, a mthunzi wobiriwira wobiriwira wokhala ndi mitundu yambiri, yomwe imafanana ndi madontho owala. Zamkati ndi zoyera, zowutsa mudyo zokoma ndi zotsekemera. Maapulo amakhala bwino kwa miyezi ingapo. Pambuyo posungira kwanthawi yayitali, mnofu umayamba kumasuka, khungu limakhala lachikasu.
Maluwa a mitundu iyi ndi akulu, oyera, owoneka ngati saucer. Mitengoyi siyokulirapo, m'malo pang'ono pang'ono.... Korona wofalitsa umapanga mawonekedwe ozungulira kapena arched. Nthambi zakumtunda zimakula pafupifupi ngodya zabwino mpaka thunthu. Makungwawo ndi mthunzi wakuda wofiirira, womwe umasandulika kukhala wofiira mbali yowala. Masambawo ndi obiriwira mobiriwira ndi matte sheen, masamba ake ndi otambalala, ozunguliridwa, okhala ndi zingwe zazitali zazitali m'mbali.
Ubwino ndi zovuta
Maapulo a Renet Simirenko ali ndi maubwino angapo, chifukwa chomwe adakwanitsa kutchuka ku Russia ndi mayiko a CIS, komanso akunja. Ubwino wake ndi monga:
- Kuthekera yosungirako nthawi yayitali kukolola.
- Wachibale kudzichepetsa pakukula.
- Kulekerera kotentha kwambiri komanso kusowa kwa chinyezi popanda kuchepetsa zipatso.
- Kumayambiriro kubala zipatso.
- Makhalidwe akulawazomwe nthawi zonse zimafunikira ndi ogula.
Koma mitunduyo ili ndi zovuta zake. Nazi zovuta zazikulu za mitundu:
- Kutentha kochepa kozizira... Sichiyenera madera ozizira ozizira.
- Kutha kutsutsana ndi matenda a fungusmonga nkhanambo ndi powdery mildew.
- Kufunika kodzala mtengo wonyamula mungu wosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha kuti Renet Simirenko osakhoza kudziyimbira okha.
- Kufunika kodulira pafupipafupi chifukwa chakukula kwakukulu.
Ubwino wa zipatso
Maapulo ndi amodzi mwa zipatso zoyambirira kupatsidwa zakudya zowonjezera za ana aang'ono. Izi ndichifukwa choti, ndi hypoallergenicity komanso kupukusika kosavuta, maapulo ndi nkhokwe yonse ya mavitamini, michere ndi zinthu zina zofunika kwa munthu. Mwachitsanzo, vitamini C wokhutira mu zipatso zakupsa imafikira pafupifupi 7 mg pa 100 g. Momwemo zotsika za fructose, pafupifupi 7-12%, zomwe zimapangitsa chipatso kukhala choyenera kwa anthu omwe amasamala za kuchuluka kwawo. Mwazina, pectin mu maapulo Amathandizira kukonza matumbo, kutsitsa mafuta m'thupi komanso kumasula thupi ku poizoni wambiri komanso zinthu zina zovulaza.
Malamulo ofika
Mitengo yaying'ono imabzalidwa mchaka chakumayambiriro kwa Epulo kapena nthawi yophukira kuyambira pakati pa Seputembala mpaka pakati pa Okutobalapakadakhala mwezi umodzi chisanachitike chisanu choyamba. Ngati kubzala sikunachitike mpaka zaka khumi zachiwiri za Okutobala, ziyenera kuimitsidwa kaye mpaka masika pofukula mtengo pansi. Mbande zazing'ono zimabzalidwa pamlingo wa 1 mita m'mimba mwake kuzungulira mtunda ndi 2.5 mita danga lozungulira. Njira yotsatsira ndi iyi:
- Choyamba, muyenera kukonzekera dzenje loyenera... Izi zachitika pafupi sabata musanadzalemo. Dzenje limatulutsidwa mozama mita 0,6, m'mimba mwake mita 1. Dothi lachonde pamwamba pake limapinda pamulu wina pambali pa dzenje kuti mudzaze dzenjelo mutabzala mmera.
- Payokha msomali ayenera kusamalidwakugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira kamtengo kamtengo. Ndodo yoyenera imatenthedwa pamoto kuchokera kumapeto yomwe izikhala pansi kuti popewe kuwola.
- Gawo lotsatira ndikukonzekera nthaka... Ndikofunika ngati ndi dothi ladothi ndikuwonjezera mchenga wamtsinje ndi humus.
- Pansi pa dzenje ayenera kumasulidwa, ndiye tsanulirani nthaka yokonzedwa ndi kutalika kwa 20 cm.
- Mutabzala mmera, dzenjelo ladzaza ndi nthaka yokonzedwa, nthaka yachonde mpaka chitunda chaching'ono chotalika pafupifupi 20cm chipangidwe. Kuphatikiza apo, chidebe chimodzi kapena ziwiri za phulusa la nkhuni zosakanizika ndi manyowa ngati feteleza zimatha kuthiridwa mdzenjelo ngati feteleza.
- Pambuyo pazolakwika mmera uyenera kuthiriridwa ndi kumangirizidwa ndi msomalikugwiritsa ntchito chithunzi chachisanu ndi chitatu chodalirika. Kutsirira kudzafuna malita 30-40 amadzi.
- Pomaliza, kuphimba dziko lapansiMwachitsanzo, pogwiritsa ntchito utuchi.
Malo omwe thunthu limadutsa muzu, womwe umatchedwa kolala ya mizu, uyenera kukhala pamwamba pake, apo ayi mtengo udzafa.
Kusamalira mitengo
Mutabzala, mbande zimafuna chisamaliro. Mitengo ya Apple ya Renet Semerenko siyambitsa mavuto ambiri kwa wamaluwa, malinga ndi malamulo ochepa osavuta:
- Ngakhale kuti Semerenko amapirira kusowa chinyezi, awo imayenera kuthiriridwa katatu pachakapogwiritsa ntchito madzi okwanira 30-50 malita pakuthirira. Mitengo yobala zipatso imathiriridwa isanafike maluwa, kenako zipatso zisanakhazikike, ndipo pamapeto pake milungu ingapo zokolola zisanapite. Kuthirira mbande zazing'ono kumamalizidwa mozungulira zaka khumi zachiwiri za Julayi, ndikupatsa mitengo mwayi wokonzekera nyengo yozizira;
- Mitengo ya Apple imakonzedwa kawiri pachaka.... M'chaka, feteleza amapangidwa kutengera feteleza wa nayitrogeni. Izi zimachitika pasanathe nthawi yomwe mbewuyo imakula. Mukugwa, manyowa ndi manyowa ndi feteleza amchere;
- Mitengo yaying'ono imafuna kudulira pafupipafupi, wokulirapo masentimita opitilira 60. Chifukwa chake, kusungidwa kwa kukula kwa chaka chimodzi kumachitika, pomwe ovary ya gawo lalikulu la chipatso imapezeka. Kwa zitsanzo zowoneka bwino kwambiri, kupatulira korona kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito kudulira kuti mupewe kuchuluka kwambiri ndipo, chifukwa chake, kutsika kwa mulingo wa zipatso;
- Makamaka amaperekedwa pakusintha kwachikhalidwe cha dimba lino ndikuyamba kuzizira... Renet Semerenko amalekerera bwino kutentha, kutentha, mphepo, koma chisanu chitha kuwasokoneza. Nyengo yozizira isanayambike, nthaka yozungulira thunthuyo imadzazidwa, thunthu lokhalo limangirizidwa ndi zida zapadera zoteteza kutentha. Njira zoterezi zimathandizanso kuteteza mbande ku tizirombo, monga hares. Ndi ukalamba, kufunika kofunira thunthu kumazimiririka, chifukwa mtengo umaberekanso bwino, m'malo mwa mphukira zatsopano zomwe zikukula mwachangu. Ndipo khungwa lolimba kwambiri komanso lolimba limasiya kukongola kwa makoswe ndi tizirombo tofananira.
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Tsoka ilo, mitengo ya apulo yamtunduwu ndiyomwe ili atengeke ndi mafangasi monga nkhanambo ndi powdery mildew... Njira yabwino yopewera zotupa za parasitic ndikutsuka ndikuwotcha masamba onse omwe adagwa chaka chatha, nthambi, zipatso zouma. Thunthu la mtengo wa apulo limayeretsedwa ndi chitetezo kutizirombo... Ngati sizingatheke kupewa matendawa, mbewu zam'munda "zimathandizidwa" popopera mankhwala ndi kukonzekera kwapadera, mwachitsanzo, Euparen kapena Polycarbacin koyambirira kwa nyengo.
M'zaka zotentha komanso zowuma, kukonzanso kumalimbikitsidwa kutatsala milungu iwiri kuti mukolole, apo ayi pali chiopsezo chachikulu cha nkhanambo kuipitsa zipatso zakupsa. Zomwezo akatswiri amalimbikitsa kusamalira mitengo ya apulo ndikukonzekera mwapadera komwe kumakhala ndi mkuwa, kumayambiriro kwa masika, pofuna kuteteza tizirombo ndi tiziromboti. Njira ina yodziletsa ndikuthandizira Renet ndi Zircon, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewu zam'munda zisathe komanso kupirira pazovulaza zakunja.
Mapeto
Kulima dimba kumatha kukhala ntchito yopindulitsa kwambiri, kaya ndi dimba la zipatso lalikulu kapena mtengo umodzi kapena iwiri mundime yaying'ono, bola padzakhala njira yoyendetsera bizinesi pamagawo onse... Njira yabwino kwambiri kwa wamaluwa okhala kumadera otentha komanso otentha kungakhale kulima maapulo a Semerenko - Renet Platon Simirenko. Posafuna mtengo komanso kuyesetsa, mitengo ya maapulo yamtunduwu imabweretsa zokolola zabwino kwambiri, zotheka kusungidwa m'miyezi yonse yozizira.