Pakukolola kwa mbewu, tchire la rasipiberi nthawi zambiri limapindika kuchokera ku zipatso kapena mphepo yamphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukolola kukhale kovuta. Pofuna kuti ntchito ikhale yabwino, pokolola, njira imodzi yapadera yaulimi imagwiritsidwa ntchito - kukonza mbewu pazitsulo, zopangidwa ngati ndege yopingasa kapena yopingasa. Pachifukwa ichi, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito trellis yapadera, ngakhale ena wamaluwa amamanga tchire kuti apatuke pamtengo. Momwe mungapangire bedi la mtengo wa rasipiberi ndi trellis ndi manja anu, mutha kudziwa pansipa.
Cholinga ndi phindu la trellis yolima raspberries
Choyamba, tiyeni tidziwe bwino cholinga cha trellis. Chowonadi ndichakuti mitundu yambiri yamasiku ano, yodzipereka kwambiri ya mabulosi omwe amafotokozedwayo amakhala ndi kutalika kwakukulu, pafupifupi 1.6-1.8 mita, motero mbewu zina sizitha kupirira kuchuluka kwa zokolola. Zonsezi zimakhala ndi nthambi zazipatso zam'mbali, zomwe zimatsikira pansi zipatsozo zikapsa. Simungachite popanda garter wa tchire wobzalidwa m'mizere., Pachifukwa ichi, matepi amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mukamamera mitundu yatsopano yomwe imabzalidwa pang'ono m'magawo osiyanasiyana m'munda, zogwirizira ndi zogwirizira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito trellis mu mbewu ya rasipiberi ndiwowonekera:
- mukamanga tchire, nthambi zakumunsi sizidzagwira pansiChoncho, pamwamba pa zipatso ndi masamba sizidzaipitsidwa ndi nthaka;
- palibe zotsalira zotsalira pa zipatso pambuyo mvula yamphamvu;
- mizere ya raspberries imawombedwa bwino ndi mphepozomwe zimalepheretsa kukula kwa matenda osiyanasiyana;
- tchire la rasipiberi peza dzuwa lokwanira, zomwe zithandizira kukulitsa mbewu mofananamo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito trellis m'munda kumathandizanso kuti zizikhala zosavuta kusamalira mtengo wa rasipiberi ndipo zimakhala ngati mpanda. Mukamanga tchire, zimakhala zosavuta kukwaniritsa njira za agrotechnical monga kudulira mbewu, kuchotsa mphukira zomwe zawononga. Ndikosavuta kuno kuthirira ndi kutchinjiriza mbewuzo, kuchotsa zipatso zakupsa, ndikukonzekera tchire lachisanu.
Zosankha za Trellis
Rasipiberi trellis ndipangidwe lapadera, lomwe ndi mndandanda wazolemba. Mizere ingapo yazingwe zazingwe kapena zingwe zolimbitsa zimatambasulidwa pakati pawo pamtunda wina; kulimbikitsanso kutha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pochita, mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya trellises imagwiritsidwa ntchito: njira imodzi kapena njira ziwiri... Malinga ndi alimi odziwa ntchito zamaluwa, mtundu woyamba wa trellis umagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino m'malo ang'onoang'ono.
Mzere umodzi wa trellis, njira za garter zipatso
Cholinga chachikulu cha kapangidwe kamathandizidwe kamatengedwa ngati kusungidwa kwa mphukira za rasipiberi pamtundu wolumikizana kapena waya. Pamenepa zipatso za garter zimachitika motere:
- mbali yowongoka;
- pansi pa malo otsetsereka ena;
- zimakupiza;
- kusungidwa kwaulere kwa nthambi za zipatso.
Njira zonse zomangirizidwa zimatheka pamtundu umodzi wamitengo, pomwe nthambi za chomeracho zimakhazikika mwanjira ina pakati pa mizere ya waya.
Kuphatikiza pakukhazikitsa malo a tchire la rasipiberi nthawi yokula, trellis imagwiranso ntchito ina, kukonzekera mbewu zachisanu. Zikatero, chomeracho chimapendekera pansi ndikumangirizidwa kumunsi kwa waya.
Poterepa, pakuyika trellis koyambirira kwa masika, nthambi za chaka chatha zidaweramira pansi ndikukonzekera mopingasa. Pakati pa nyengo yokula, nthambi za zipatso zimayamba kukula, koma masamba osakhalitsa amakhalabe pamphukira pafupi ndi tsinde. Njira iyi yopangira tchire imathandizira kuti ntchito yobisalira minda ya rasipiberi ikhale yozizira nthawi yachisanu.... Chosavuta cha njira yofotokozedwayi ndikufunika kukonza ndikumanga chitsamba chilichonse. Pamunda wawung'ono wa rasipiberi, ntchito yotere siyidzabweretsa mavuto kwa wolima dimba, koma pamaso pa munda waukulu, kufunika kokumanga chomera chilichonse kumawerengedwa ngati vuto.
Mitundu iwiri yoyenda
M'madera akulu m'minda, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri. Zojambula zoterezi zitha kugawidwa m'mitundu ingapo:
- mwa mawonekedwe a kalata T;
- odulidwa mopingasa;
- mu mawonekedwe a V;
- mwa mawonekedwe a kalata Y.
Mitundu iwiri yama trellis sikuti imangothandiza zipatsozo momwe zingafunikire, kugwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe koteroko kumapangitsa kupanga mbewu.
Zogwirizira zomwe zimaganiziridwa zimapangidwa ngati mizere iwiri yamawaya yolingana. Kutalika kwa maupangiri kungakhale kosiyana. Mzere wapansiwu uli pamtunda wa masentimita 50 kuchokera pansi. Gawo lakumtunda lamtunduwu limatha kuikidwa pamtunda wa mita 3, zimatengera kutalika kwa tchire. Kapangidwe kameneka kamaletsa kukhwima kwa mbewuzo, zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kumayang'ana mphukira zobala zipatso mosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimathandizira kuti zipatso zizikula msanga.
Zojambulajambula ngati kalata T
Monga dzina limatanthawuzira, kapangidwe kofotokozedwaku kamapangidwa mwa mawonekedwe amtundu wa T. Zomwe zimayikidwa pakukhazikitsa matayala amtunduwu zimawerengedwa ngati matabwa, mapaipi azitsulo, komanso kukonza zolimbitsa. Nthawi zambiri, zinthu zoterezi kumtunda zimakhazikika chimodzimodzi. Mizere ya waya iyenera kutetezedwa m'mbali mwa thabwa... Pakapangidwe ka tchire, mphukira zimayikidwa pamanja osiyanasiyana a trellis. Poterepa, kukula kwachichepere kumayamba kupangika pakatikati pa chomeracho, chomwe sichingafanane ndi zipatso zazikulu.
Thandizo lopangidwa ndi V
Kapangidwe kameneka kamakhala ndi ndege ziwiri zogwirira ntchito zochokera pakati pa tchire kupita mbali. Pankhaniyi, monga trellis nthawi zambiri amatchedwa njira ziwiri... Zomera zimapangidwa molingana ndi chiwembu cham'mbuyomu, koma mtunda pakati pa m'mphepete mwa ndege zogwirira ntchito sayenera kupitirira 2 mita.
Trellis woboola pakati pa Y
Ili ndiye mtundu waposachedwa kwambiri wa trellis womanga ndi kusamalira tchire la rasipiberi. Mbali ya kapangidwe kake ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe ndi masamba., zomwe zimathandiza kuyendetsa ndege zogwirira ntchito za trellis m'njira yabwino panjira inayake. M'nyengo yotentha, masamba amakwezedwa, chifukwa nthawi yozizira kapena nthawi yachisanu amatsitsidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale malo otetezera mbewu ku chimfine.
Momwe mungapangire trellis ndi manja anu, kukula kwa mapulogalamuwa
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mitundu yonse yazinthu zopangidwa ndi matabwa kapena zitsulo zopangira mosiyanasiyana pakati pa waya wolumikizidwa pamtunda winawake. Komanso Ma waya amtundu umodzi amatha kukhala amodzi kapena ophatikizika, zimatengera mtundu wa trellis.
Kuti apange trellis ngati ndege yowongoka, zikhomo zamatabwa zimayendetsedwa mbali ina pamalowo ndipo chingwe chimakokedwa. Pambuyo pake, mamita awiri kapena atatu aliwonse, amakumba maenje ndi fosholo kapena chowomberapo chapadera pamunda. Zolemba zamatabwa zimayikidwa m'maenje kuzama kwa mita 0.7, kenako mizere ingapo ya waya (nthawi zambiri itatu) imakokedwa ndikukhazikika pazowonjezera. Mzere woyamba wa maupangiri umakhazikitsidwa pamtunda wa masentimita 40-50 kuchokera pansi, wachiwiri pakatikati pa mphukira za tchire, mzere womaliza wa waya uyenera kupezeka masentimita 20 pansi pa nsonga za raspberries.
Chosavuta cha njira yofotokozedwayi ndikufunika kumangirira tchire lililonse mosiyana ndi mizere ya waya. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri, mphukira za zipatso zimangoponyedwa pamizere yapamtunda.
Mukamakonza trellis yoboola T, ma trellise amtundu uliwonse amapangidwa ngati chilembo cha T. Pachifukwa ichi, chomangira chachikulu chamatabwa kapena chitsulo chiyenera kutalika pafupifupi 1.2-1.3 mita. Mtandawo umalumikizidwa kumunsi pogwiritsa ntchito misomali (yopangira zinthu zamatabwa) kapena kuwotcherera (kwa mapaipi achitsulo). Pazithunzi zazikulu za trellis, mizere iwiri ya waya imayikidwa ndi ina iwiri mbali zakumtunda. Mwa njira iyi nthawi yakupsa kwa zipatso, nthambi za zipatso zimagona pa waya, koma gawo lapakati la tchire silidzalephera kukula kwake, chifukwa chomeracho chimayambira m'mizere yapansi ya waya.
Zomwe zimapangidwira popanga ma trellis zitha kukhala matabwa, mapaipi achitsulo (olimba kwambiri) kapena pulasitiki, apa zonse zimadalira zokolola (katundu) kuchokera ku mbeu. M'malo mwa waya, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zolimbitsa thupi zopyapyala, zopindika zamatabwa kapena zopindika.
Chiwembu chodzala raspberries pa trellis, kukonzekera mundawo
Kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino za raspberries pa trellis, ndikofunikira kukonzekera nthaka musanadzalemo mbewu. Pamenepa raspberries amabzalidwa mzere umodzi, zomwe zidzachepetsa chisamaliro cha chikhalidwe. Choyamba, amakumba ngalande yosaya, pafupifupi fosholo lokwanira mpaka masentimita 50 m'lifupi. Pamalo obzala, nthaka imamasulidwa ndi foloko yamunda. Pamalo awa, madzi amathiridwa pamlingo wa malita 10 amadzi pamitala iliyonse pamzerewu, nthaka yomwe yaponyedwa pansi pamiyalayo imasakanikirana bwino ndi feteleza wamchere wambiri ndi phulusa lamatabwa (pa mita iliyonse yazingwe, muyenera kutenga lita imodzi ya phulusa ndi magalamu 200 a nitroammophoska).
Mbande za rasipiberi zomwe zakonzedwa zimayikidwa patali masentimita 25 wina ndi mnzake, pambuyo pake mizu ya mbewuyo imawongoka ndikuwaza nthaka yathanzi. Pofuna kukonza mizu ndi nthaka, dziko lapansi limakhazikika kenako limathiriridwa... Mukamabzala mbewu kumayambiriro kwa masika, tchire limadulidwa kotero kuti gawo lakumtunda limatulukira pafupifupi masentimita 20-30 pamwamba pa nthaka, kenako ndikumata nthaka pogwiritsa ntchito utuchi kapena udzu wodulidwa.
Mtunda pakati pa zomera zazikulu uyenera kufanana ndi masentimita 40, kotero chaka chamawa tchire amaikidwa.
Pa nyengo yokula, akamakula, mphukira za rasipiberi zimamangirizidwa pamizere ya waya wa trellis... Monga tanenera kale, matabwa a trellis amaikidwa pamtunda wa mamita 2-3 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake (pamene mukugwiritsa ntchito zothandizira zamphamvu, mtunda ukhoza kuwonjezeka kufika mamita 4-5). Kuchulukitsa nthawi yothandizira pazitsulo zamatabwa, maziko awo, omwe amakhala pansi, amaphimbidwa ndi utomoni wotentha kapena kuwotchedwa. Dziwani kuti m'mimba mwake nsanamira ziyenera kukhala zosachepera masentimita 15, ndipo kutalika kwake kuli pafupifupi mita ziwiri. Kukhazikitsa nsanamira, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsira ntchito fosholo, osapanganso kubowola kwapadera. Mizere ya waya kapena yolimbitsa imayikidwa pakati pazithunzi masentimita 50 aliwonse.
Chisamaliro cha rasipiberi: kudyetsa, kuthirira ndi kuwononga tizilombo
Chisamaliro chachikulu cha raspberries chimayamba pakuwonekera kwa zipatso zoyamba. Nthawi imeneyi Ndikofunikira kuthirira nthaka nthawi ndi nthawi, kumasula timipata, kuwononga namsongole... Mtengo wosanjikiza wa mulch ungathandize kuti chinyezi chikhale m'nthaka nthawi yokula.
Kudya koyamba kwa raspberries imagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wamafuta kumayambiriro kwa masika. Momwemonso, madzi omwe amatulutsidwa chipale chofewa chisungunuka amasungunula timadziti tating'onoting'onoting'onoting'onoting'onoting'onoting'onoting'onoting'onoting'onoting'onoting'onoting'onoting'onoting'onotiti ndi timadzi timeneti.
Kudya kwachiwiri kwa zipatso ikuchitika panthawi yopanga ndi kusasitsa mbewu. Kulemera kwachitatu kwa nthaka ndi zinthu zothandiza kumachitika nthawi yophukira. Pokonzekera raspberries m'nyengo yozizira, nkofunika kuti musawapatse feteleza ndi nayitrogeni, chifukwa chinthu ichi chimalimbikitsa kukula kwa zomera. Zokhudza m'nyengo yozizira, raspberries amadyetsedwa ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous... Palibe chifukwa chowonjezera feteleza nthawi yokula. Zakudya zambiri m'nthaka zithandizira kukulitsa masamba obiriwira, koma sizikuwonjezera zokolola.
Amayamba kulimbana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda kuyambira masika... Choyamba, zikhalidwe zimayang'aniridwa kuti ziwonongeke. Masamba owonongeka ndi dontho amadulidwa ndikuwotchedwa. Zomera zonsezo zimathandizidwa ndi chisakanizo cha Bordeaux cha 4%. Izi mankhwala ntchito kupewa matenda a mafangasi. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwononga tizirombo m'minda ya rasipiberi.
Njira ina yosamalira mabulosi omwe akutchulidwa ndi Kudulira munthawi yake... Munthawi ya ntchitoyi, zimayambira bwino kwambiri zimatsalira pamalowa, zina zonse zimadulidwa. Kusamalira bwino mbewu zomwe zafotokozedwazo, kuthirira kwakanthawi, kudyetsa ndi kudulira, kumangiriza mphukira pa waya kumakupatsani mwayi wopeza zokolola zambiri. M'nkhani yathuyi, taphunzira momwe tingapangire trellis ya raspberries ndikusamalira mbewuyi. ndikuyembekeza kuti chidziwitso chomwe chaperekedwa chikhale chothandiza, zabwino zonse komanso zokolola zabwino.