Mphesa za Lydia zapambana chikondi cha olima vinyo chifukwa cha kukoma kwawo kwapadera, kukula kwawo mosamalitsa komanso chisamaliro ndikugwiritsa ntchito moyenera. Mphesa zamtunduwu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga vinyo wabwino ndi kukoma kokoma, kudya mwatsopano, msuzi wofinya ndi ma compote ophika ndi kupanikizana. Kupatula Lydia, vinyo atha kupezeka kuchokera ku mitundu yabwino - Chardonnay ndi Cabernet Sauvignon.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa ya Lydia
Tiyeni tiyambe ndikufotokozera mitunduyo. Mitunduyi idawonekera chifukwa cha kuyesetsa kwa obereketsa omwe adalumikiza mitundu ya Vitis Vinifera yolimbana ndi matenda a fungus kuthengo la Vitis labrusca mphesa. Zotsatira zake, mitundu yatsopano ya mphesa idawonekera, yomwe idayamba kutchuka ku Europe, Transcaucasia.
Mphesa zimagonjetsedwa ndi kutentha mpaka -20 madigiri ndipo zimakhala ndi chitetezo champhamvu ku matenda a fungal. Amatanthauza mitundu yapakatikati ya nyengo. Nthawi yakucha zipatso ndi masiku 155-158. Chitsamba chikukula kwambiri, mpesa ndi bulauni wonyezimira. Masambawo ndi obiriwira, osakanizidwa pang'ono, mbali yakutsogolo yokutidwa ndi kuwala kumamvekera pansi. Chitsambacho chili ndi mphukira ya 82%, yopatsa maburashi awiri iliyonse. Maburashi ang'onoang'ono okhwima, kulemera kwa burashi iliyonse 100-110 magalamu.
Mawonekedwe burashi ndi cylindrical, kachulukidwe ndi lotayirira. Mitengoyi imakhala yofiirira komanso yofiirira, imakhala yozungulira mozungulira. Mabulosi onse amalemera magalamu atatu kapena anayi. Zipatsozi zimakhala ndi fungo labwino pamitundu iyi. Zipatsozo zimakoma ndi zotsekemera za sitiroberi. Khungu ndi lolimba. Lili ndi shuga 18-19%.
Ubwino ndi zovuta
Ubwino wa mitundu iyi ndi:
- zokolola zambiri - masentimita 120 pa hekitala;
- kudzipaka mungu;
- chitetezo chokwanira ku matenda;
- chisanu cholimbana ndi katundu;
- zipatso zimagonjetsedwa ndi chinyezi chokwanira;
- zoyendetsedwa
- phindu kwa thupi la munthu.
Zina mwazovuta za mitundu iyi ndi izi:
- kusowa chitetezo chokwanira chifukwa cha kuwonongeka ndi phylloxera;
- pa chitsulo chochepa m'nthaka, chlorosis imayamba;
- imafuna kuthamangitsa ndi kutsina;
- ngati atakolola mwadzidzidzi, amakonda kukhetsedwa
- kuvulaza thupi chifukwa chakukonzekera kosayenera kwa vinyo.
M'mayiko aku Europe, kupanga vinyo kuchokera pamitundu iyi ndikosaloledwa. Ngati njira yothira siyitsatiridwa, zipatsozo zimatulutsa zinthu zovulaza, zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi sclerosis!
Zinthu zokula
Malo olimapo mphesa izi ayenera kukhala mbali ya dzuwa, mofanana kuwunikira ndi cheza chozungulira. Munda wamphesawo uyenera kutetezedwa ku mphepo, chifukwa kutchinjiriza kwa mabulashiwo ndikofooka ndipo mphepo yamphamvu imatha kugwedeza zipatso zakupsa. Nthaka yakukula iyenera kukhala yabwino kwa mpweya ndi chinyezi. Komabe, kupezeka kwa madzi apansi kuyenera kukhala osachepera 1.5 mita kuchokera panthaka. Imakula bwino pa dothi la chernozem ndi loamy.
Kubzala kumatha kuchitika mchaka ndi nthawi yophukira. M'dzinja ndi bwino, chifukwa kusankha kubzala zinthu nthawi yophukira kumakhala kwakukulu, komabe, mbande zimakhala pachiwopsezo nthawi yachisanu. Kubzala masika kudzalola kuti mbande zikule ndikulimba m'nyengo yozizira.
Maenje obzala mphesa ayenera kukonzekera pasadakhale, chifukwa amayenera kuyimirira milungu ingapo. Ngati kubzala kuli masika, ndiye kuti maenje amatha kukonzekera kugwa. Ndikofunika kukumba dzenje lokhala ndi masentimita 90 ndi kuya kwa masentimita 90. Sankhani dothi lochokera mdzenjemo ndikutsanulira dothi lokulirapo pansi, ndikupanga ngalande yosanjikiza. Kuti musinthe nthaka yamphesa, muyenera kuwonjezera:
- anasefa mchenga wamtsinje (ngati kuli kofunikira);
- humus;
- phulusa;
- potaziyamu;
- phosphorous;
- chitsulo.
Sakanizani zonse zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi nthaka, tsanulirani m'mabowo ndikuchoka mpaka masika. Pofika nthawi yobzala, nthaka imakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira kukhazikika.
Mbewu imakwiriridwa m'nthaka mpaka kolala yazu. Iyenera kukhala pamtunda. Nthaka amapondaponda mosamalitsa, kuthiriridwa bwino ndi mulch. Udzu, utuchi, kapena singano za paini zimagwira bwino ntchito yolimba.
Kuthirira pafupipafupi ndikofunikira m'miyezi yoyamba. Lydia amakonda chinyezi, koma sayenera kukhala patsogolo. Pambuyo kuthirira, ndikofunikira kumasula nthaka bwino.
Kusamalira mphesa
Chimodzi mwazinthu zosamalira mphesa ndikuthamangitsa. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kuchotsa kumtunda kwa mphukira mpaka masentimita 30, ndi kupezeka kwa masamba 6-8 osapitilira. Ndalama zimafunikira:
- kuonetsetsa kuti kuwala ndi mpweya zikulowera bwino kutchire, potero kumachepetsa matenda;
- kugawidwa kwa michere kuchokera ku mphukira kupita ku zipatso;
- kufulumizitsa kucha kwa mipesa ndi zipatso;
- kuonjezera zokolola;
- kuyimitsidwa kwa kukula kwa mphukira zazing'ono.
Kwa zosiyanasiyana Lydia, nthawi yabwino kwambiri yopangira utoto ndi Ogasiti.
Ndikofunika kuti panthawi yakutulutsa tchire pali njira yachilengedwe yolepheretsa kukula mu mphukira.
Zolakwitsa pakujambula
Zolakwitsa zofala kwambiri pakupanga utoto:
- Kuthamangitsa, komwe kumachitika nthawi isanakwane, pagawo la chitukuko cha mphukira kumabweretsa chidziwitso chakuti pali kugawa kolakwika kwa michere. Mphukira zatsopano zimayamba kuwonekera zomwe zimafunikira kuthyoledwa, chifukwa izi zimawonjezera katundu kuthengo. Pachifukwa ichi, mpesa sungalimbikitsidwe mokwanira, womwe ungasokoneze nyengo yozizira ya chomeracho.
Zotsatira zina zoyipa zakutulutsa koyambirira ndikudzuka kwa masamba osungidwa mpaka nthawi yokolola yotsatira. M'malo mokonzekera nyengo yozizira, amayamba kuphuka.
- Kuthamangitsidwa mochedwa kuposa nthawi yofunikira sikungakhale ndi zotsatirapo, popeza tchire lidzagwira ntchito yogawa zakudya m'nthawi ino palokha, kuimitsa mphukira zatsopano.
- Kuthamangitsidwa kosakwanira pomwe masentimita 30 a mipesa ndi masamba sanachotsedwe zidzapangitsa kuti masamba apitilize kukula ndikudya michere.
Njira zoberekera
Njira yosavuta komanso yofala kwambiri ndikubzala mbande. Komabe, ngati pali tchire lakale, ndibwino katemera. Kuti mupewe katemera, muyenera kukonzekera kudula podula tchire la mitundu iyi, ndikusiya maso atatu.
Mpaka masika, phesi limasungidwa mumchenga. Kutentha pamalo osungira sikuyenera kupitirira madigiri +12. Musanalumikizane, m'pofunika kudula kumunsi kwa kudula. Gawo lakumwambalo liyenera kusindikizidwa ndi parafini kuti phesi lisataye chinyezi chocheperako komanso kuti likhale losavuta kupirira nyengo ikasintha. Gawo lakumunsi liyenera kulowetsedwa muzu wokulitsa muzu.
Zogulitsazo zakonzedwa pochotsa chitsamba chakale, ndikusiya chitsa chochepa cha 5-8 cm.
Mutha kugawaniza katundu pokhapokha malo odulidwayo atatsukidwa ndikuwonongeka kwazitsulo zonse. Chodulira chimapangidwa pakati, ndipo kudula kumayikidwa mu kagawo ndi gawo lodulidwa. Pesi imamangirizidwa ndi katundu. Malo opatsirana ndi katemera ayenera kumangika ndi zinthu, zomwe zimawonongeka pakatha chaka. Kuti chinyezi chikhale chotalikirapo, m'pofunika kuthira dothi ndikumata madziwo. Kukumba ndi kukulitsa nthaka mozungulira.
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Mphesa za Lydia zimakhala ndi matenda ngati awa:
- matenda opatsirana - matenda a fungal omwe amawonetseredwa ndi mawonekedwe akuda pamasamba, mipesa, mphukira. Matendawa amawononga mpesa. Matendawa amapezeka kudzera m'nthaka ndi mbewu. Pofuna kupewa, madera owonongeka amachotsedwa ndikuwotchedwa. Mphesa amathandizidwa ndi madzi a Bordeaux;
- imvi zowola - matenda a fungal omwe amakhudza mpesa wonse. Zimapezeka chifukwa chakuchepa kwa mpweya mukamabzala, kapena chinyezi chochuluka. Mukalandira kachilomboka, ndibwino kuti muzisamalira chitsamba ndi Ronilan.
Tizilombo ta Lydia ndi awa:
- kangaude - amawononga masamba ndikupangitsa kugwa. Tikulimbikitsidwa kupopera tchire ndi dothi ndi DNOC;
- mpukutu wamasamba - mbozi yomwe imadya zipatso ndi masamba, chifukwa chake zipatsozo zimavunda nyengo yonyowa. Ngati wapezeka, nthaka ndi tchire zimachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala "DNOC";
- chochita - kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa muzu wa chomeracho, ndipo nthawi zina masamba. Pofuna kuthana ndi tizilombo, chithandizo ndi Confidora ndikofunikira. Phimbani dothi lozungulira tchire ndi mchenga wabwino.
Mitundu yamphesa ya Lydia ndiyodziwika kwambiri kumwera kwa Ukraine, Russia ndi Moldova. Amakondedwa chifukwa chosavuta kusamalira, kulawa bwino komanso mawonekedwe okongola. Yesetsani kukulitsa izi patsamba lanu, ndipo mudzapatsidwa vinyo wabwino, ma compote okoma, madzi ndi kupanikizana. Muthanso kupatsa alendo anu zipatso zonunkhira zatsopano.