Mitundu yapakatikati yoyambirira ya mbatata Rodrigo ilibe zovuta zilizonse. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu kwa mizu ndi zokolola zambiri. Wakhala wotchuka pakati pa wamaluwa, chifukwa cha kukoma kwake ndi njira yosavuta yolimerera.
Mbatata ya Rodrigo
Khalidwe
Zimatengera Rodrigo nthawi yomwe zimatengera kuti mizu yamasamba ifike pakukula bwino ndi khungu lolimba, pafupifupi masiku 70-85... Zokololedwa panthawiyi zimatha kusungidwa mpaka masika. Yoyenera chakudya ndipo yafika pokhwima pang'ono, yomwe imakhala yayikulu kwambiri, koma tsamba loyera lomwe likutsalira kumbuyo kwa chipatso.
Malingana ndi malongosoledwewo, kulemera kwake kwa chipatso ndi 200 g, koma ma tubers ena akupeza 500 ngakhale 800 g. Maso ndi ochepa. Zamkati zimakhala zachikasu, ndipo zipatso zina zimatha kukhala zokoma.
Ndi mitundu yosakanikirana yapakatikati. Zomwe zilipo kuyambira 12.5 mpaka 15.4%. Imatentha mwachangu mukamaphika. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pokazinga, kuwonjezerapo msuzi ndi masaladi.
Kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana
Tchire la Rodrigo ndi lalitali kwambiri, ndi zimayambira pang'ono. Masambawo ndi akulu kukula, wobiriwira mdima. Ali ndi kapangidwe kanyumba ndipo palibe pubescence... M'mphepete mwa tsamba mumakhala ndi vuto pang'ono.
Amamasula ndi maluwa akuluakulu oyera. Kugonjetsedwa ndi chilala. Amakula bwino kum'mwera kwa dzikolo komanso kumpoto.
N'zotheka kusonkhanitsa zipatso zazikulu 10 kuchokera pachitsamba chimodzi. Mafamu amalandila mpaka 450 cent cent kuchokera pa 1 hekta. Komanso, 95% ya zokolola zonse zimakhala ndi chiwonetsero. Palibe pafupifupi mbatata yaying'ono.
Rodrigo imagwiritsa ntchito chilengedwe chonse... Kuphatikiza pa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zakudya, wowuma ndi zida zopangira mowa amapangidwa kuchokera pamenepo.
Ubwino ndi zovuta
Makhalidwe abwino a Rodrigo ndi awa:
- kukana kutentha;
- kusafuna kupanga nthaka;
- kukana matendakukhudza mtundu uwu wa mizu mbewu;
- kusunga kwabwino m'nyengo yozizira;
- kutha kukana kuwonongeka kwa makina;
- zabwino makhalidwe kukoma;
- ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
Palibe zolakwika pazosiyanasiyana. Commission yomwe idachita kafukufukuyu akuti imangokhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino.
Kodi zosiyanasiyana zimachokera kuti
Kodi mitundu ya Rodrigo ilipo mwalamulo? Idapangidwa ndi obereketsa aku Germany. Pakadali pano, ikuyesedwa ndikulima kudera la Russian Federation. Akukonzekera kuti aziziyika m'kaundula waboma mbewu zamasamba.
Mbatata zosiyanasiyana
Ndi mbatata zapamwamba zokha zokha zomwe zimayenera kubzalidwa. Pafupifupi kamodzi pazaka 3-5 zilizonse, zinthu zobzala ziyenera kugulidwa m'minda yambewu.
Mukupeza bwanji
Alipo njira zingapo zokulira mitundu mbatata:
- kulima ma tubers ang'onoang'ono kuchokera ku zipatso zazikulu;
- kukulira tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono;
- kulima mbewu za mbatata kuchokera kumera;
- kupeza mbewu kuchokera pamwamba pa tuber;
- kupeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewu.
Pakukula kwa tchire, kuyeretsa kumachitika kuti kuchotsere mitundu yopanda mitundu ndi matenda. Mbatata zomwe zidakololedwa zimasungidwa padera ndi mbatata. Amabzalidwa koyamba pansi pa denga kwa milungu iwiri.
Makhalidwe a mitundu
Mitundu ya mbatata imasiyana mosiyana ndi maonekedwe ndi kukoma, koma ndi izi:
- mtundu kutchulidwa;
- malo olima;
- kukana matenda;
- nthawi yakucha;
- okhutira wowuma.
Kuphatikiza apo, mbatata imagawidwa m'magulu kutengera nthawi yakucha:
- molawirira kwambiri (itha kusonkhanitsidwa masiku 34 mutabzala);
- molawirira (zokolola zimakumbidwa masiku 40);
- m'ma oyambirira (mizu imakumbidwa kuyambira tsiku la 55);
- nyengo yapakatikati (kusonkhanitsidwa pambuyo pa masiku 65);
- m'ma mochedwa (zokolola zitha kuyembekezeredwa kuchokera masiku 80 mpaka 100 mutabzala);
Mitundu yoyambirira kukhwima
Mitundu yoyambilira kukhwima ndi monga mbatata, zomwe zimayambira patatha masiku 40 mutabzala. Oimira mitundu iyi:
- Dutch "Arrow", yokhala ndi zokolola zochuluka mpaka 600 centner pa hekitala;
- Chiyukireniya "Dnepryanka", kuchokera pa hekitala imodzi ndizotheka kusonkhanitsa mpaka 520 omwe amakhala pakati pa mitundu iyi.
- Impala, kukula mvula ndi m'miyezi yotentha ya chilimwe.
Mitundu yapakatikati komanso yakucha
Oyambirira pakati amaphatikizapo oimira awa: "Zabava", "Mriya", "Nevsky", "Sineglazka", "Santa", "Picasso".
Pakatikati mochedwa mbatata: "Wofuna", "Kuroda".
Mitundu yachilendo
Mbatata zambiri sizimalimidwa m'minda ya alimi. Amabzalidwa ndi wamaluwa wokonda masewera. Oimira zachilendo: "Adretta", "Violet", "Lilac haze".
Ali ndi kukoma kwabwino, Kusunga kwabwino komanso kupewa matenda. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi mawonekedwe achilendo, koma mitunduyo ilibe chochita ndi zomangamanga.
Kukula Rodrigo
Ndi nthaka yanji yobzala komanso momwe mungatetezere
Kwa mbatata ya Rodrigo, dothi losankhidwa kuti libzalidwe zilibe kanthu. Koma ndikofunikira kuti pakhale kukhazikitsidwa kwa feteleza wa nayitrogeni ndi potashi. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti mubzale pafupi ndi mitengo ya apulo kapena mabedi a phwetekere.
Ndikofunika kubzala mbatata mutatha nyemba kapena tirigu. Zokolola zabwino zitha kupezeka pobzala pambuyo pa anyezi kapena kabichi.
Kusamalira nthaka ndi maudzu ndibwino chitani isanathe kumera mbatata.
Pakulima, ndizofunikira kumasula nthaka ndikubisa tchire. Ngakhale m'miyezi yotentha ya chirimwe, mtundu wa Rodrigo sasankha zothirira.
Kuti tchire siligunda mavuto akulu monga nkhanambo, kuchepa mochedwa, ma nematode ayenera kupewedwa ndikupopera mbewu ndi njira zapadera.
Kulimbana vuto lofala kwambiri ndi Chikumbu cha Colorado mbatata Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwalawa:
- Aktara;
- Regent;
- Kutchuka;
- Mphezi;
- Alachi;
- Corado;
- Mtsogoleri.
Kukonzekera kubwera
Mitengo ya tubers yomwe imayenera kubzala imadutsa pamalo obiriwira nthawi yomweyo mukangokolola. Kuti muchite izi, mchipinda chowala, mbatata zimwazikana m'migawo 2-3.
Kale pambuyo masiku 10 mu tubers anapanga wobiriwira wotchedwa alireza... Zowawa mu kukoma, zidzatetezedwa molondola ku makoswe. Komanso, kuwonongeka kwa makina kumachiritsa. Njirayi imatha kuchitika mchaka.
Mukamabzala mbatata, Rodrigo amabzalidwa m'nthaka mizu yokha yathanzi. Kuti azindikire zipatso zomwe zili ndi matenda, amamizidwa mu njira ya urea. Ikani 1.5 makilogalamu a urea mu ndowa ndikuyika mbatata pamenepo. Mbatata zoyandama sizoyenera kubzala.
Pamwamba pa mbewu zazu, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (nkhanambo, alternaria, phomosis, matenda oopsa mochedwa, rhizoctonia). Pofuna kupewa kukula kwa matendawa pakulima, mbatata zimachiritsidwa ndi bio-fungicide musanadzalemo. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito: Planriz, Fitosportin, Alirin, Baxis, Binoram.
Masabata 1.5-2 asanatsike, adalumikizidwa kotero kuti chinyezi chowonjezera chimatulukamo. Imaikidwa pamalo otentha, mwachitsanzo, mu wowonjezera kutentha wokutidwa ndi nsanza. Njirayi imachepetsa chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa tubers mukamabzala.
Ndibwino kuti mumere mbatata musanabzala mu dothi lolemera. Kuti ziphukira ziwonekere, ndikwanira kuti mutenge zofesedwazo m'chipinda chofunda chinyontho masabata atatu kale.
Ngati palibe chinyezi chokwanira, ndiye mbatata owazidwa madzi nthawi ndi nthawi... Mbatata zakonzeka kubzala pamene mphukira zafika 1 cm, ndipo zoyambira za mizu zawonekera mmunsi mwa chipatso.
Wamaluwa amalima mbatata ndi phulusa asanadzalemo. Amakhulupirira kuti njirayi imathandizira kulimbitsa zimayambira ndikuwonjezera zokolola.
Mukamabzala mbatata, m'pofunika kuonetsetsa kuti dothi ndi lotayirira ndipo silisokoneza kukula kwa mizu. Pachifukwa ichi, kulima kwakukulu kumachitika nthawi yophukira. Nthaka zowala zamchenga zimalimidwa mchaka, patatsala pang'ono kubzala.
Nthaka yolemera yolimba imakonzedwa ndikubweretsa mchenga wolimba ndi feteleza. Nthaka ya mchenga imalemedwa powonjezera nthaka yadothi ndi zinthu zina.
Pofuna kuthira nthaka nthawi yolima, kompositi, manyowa, feteleza wa potashi ndi superphosphate amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Njira yobzala pang'onopang'ono
Mbatata zimabzalidwa mu Meyi, pamene dothi lakuya kwa masentimita 10 limafunda mpaka madigiri 9. Mbatata zimabzalidwa m'mizere yopangidwa kale. M'madera ang'onoang'ono, amabzalidwa "pansi pa fosholo." Mtunda pakati pa tchire ndi masentimita 80x35 osachepera. Tuber imayikidwa mpaka 10 cm.
Kukula kwazomera, kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mabowo... Koma kuzama kwakeko sikunasinthe (10 cm).
Ngati malo okwerawo ndi ochepa, ndiye kuti phulusa pang'ono ndi humus zimayikidwa mu phando lililonse, ndipo mbatata imayikidwa pamwamba. Kenako dzenje limakutidwa ndi nthaka.
Ndibwino kuti mubzale mbatata kukula kwa dzira la nkhuku. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito zipatso zokulirapo, izi zithandizira kwambiri kubzala, ndipo sizingakhudze kuchuluka kwa zokolola.
Musanadzalemo, mbatata zazikulu zimadulidwa magawo awiri m'mbali mwa mizu kuti magawo onse awiri akhale ndi mphukira zapamwamba ndikupatsa mphukira zabwino.
Rodrigo zosiyanasiyana chidaliro wayamba kutchuka pakati pa alimi ndi amayi apanyumba... Ndizabwino kulima mbatata zazikulu kwambiri patsamba lanu, momwe mungaphike mbale malinga ndi maphikidwe omwe akhala akutalika omwe angapeze kukoma kwatsopano.