Pakadali pano kupanga ma bowa ndi oyster ndi bizinesi yotchuka komanso yopindulitsa. Chogulitsa chabwino chimapezeka ku chikhalidwe chapamwamba kwambiri komanso choyera cha mycelium, chomwe, ngati kungafunike, chitha kulimidwa kunyumba. Zambiri mwatsatanetsatane munkhaniyi zimayankha mafunso a mycelium ndi momwe angalimire bwino.
Kodi mycelium ya bowa ndi chiyani?
Mycelium kapena dzina lina, mycelium - thupi loyambira la bowa (thallus) - ndi makina osanja kwambiri kapena ma hyphae. Thallus adagawika mitundu iwiri:
- gawolakonzedwa kuti agwirizane ndi gawo lapansi ndi kunyamula zakudya ndi madzi;
- mpweyakupanga ziwalo zoberekera pamwamba pa gawo lapansi.
Netiweki ya ma hyphae omwe amapanga thallus amatha kufalikira mtunda wautali m'malo abwino. Mutha kuwona ma plexuses panthaka ndi diso, amawoneka ngati maluwa oyera a thonje.
Mycelium imagwira ntchito zingapo zofunika:
- amalimbikitsa kuphatikiza kwa zamoyo kumagawo azinthu zopatsa thanzi;
- mothandizidwa ndi michere, imagwiritsa ntchito mapadi, ndikupezako zinthu zomwe zikukula ndikukula;
- ili ndi ntchitoyi kusintha kwa chilengedwe;
- amatenga nawo mbali pakuchita zoyeserera ndipo ali ndi udindo woteteza mikangano yomwe ikubwera.
Mycelium ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri, kuwonjezera pa mayendedwe ake ndi ntchito yathanzi, imathandizira kubereketsa kwachilengedwe kwa zinthu.
Mitundu ya myceliums ndi momwe amawonekera
Pali mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya thupi lamasamba:
- Kanema, yopangidwa ndi kuwala, zolimba zolimba zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ntchito yayikulu ndikumangiriza ku gawo lapansi ndikupeza michere ku cellulose.
- Chingwe, Wopangidwa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa hyphae ndipo amachititsa kuti pakhale kufalikira komanso kufalikira kwa bowa chifukwa chokhala ndi nthambi yolimba.
- Ziphuphu ali amphamvu ngati zingwe zopota za ulusi wamitundu yosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimatsimikizira kukana kwa zamoyo pazovuta zachilengedwe.
- Rhizoctonia, wopangidwa ndi utoto wonenepa komanso wonyezimira wokhala ndi hyphae ndikuthandizira kulumikizana ndi kufalikira kwa zamoyo.
- Sclerotia zopangidwa ndi ulusi wolukana komanso wolimba kwambiri. Monga ma rhizomorphs, zimathandiza kupirira zovuta zamoyo.
- Stroma amapangidwa m'malo olumikizana ndi minofu ya chomeracho, yolumikizidwa mwamphamvu, ndipo cholinga chake ndi kuteteza zipatso za fungal.
- Thupi lobala zipatso ndi malo opangira ndi kusasitsa kwa spores wa fungal.
Chifukwa chake, mycelium ndimapangidwe apadera omwe amatenga nawo gawo pakufalikira, zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso kuberekana kwa bowa.
Chifukwa chiyani mumalandira mycelium
Cholinga chachikulu cha kulima kwa thallus ndi kukolola bowa wodyedwa... Anthu atangozindikira kuti masango a hyphae amagwira ntchito yobereketsa, adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito zida zam'munda zakutchire kuti ziziswana kunyumba. Koma choterocho sichinapereke zokolola zambiri.
Popita nthawi, kuyesayesa kwayesedwa kolima mbewu za bowa zoyera kuti ziwonjezere zokolola ndi kukhazikika. Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19 ku France zinali zotheka kupeza chikhalidwe cha bowa chotere, chokula pagawo lapadera losabala.
Mycelium wamkulu idawonetsa kukula bwino. Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wopeza thallus m'malo a labotale, zidatheka kupanga bowa wolimidwa pamalonda.
Momwe mungapezere mycelium yabwino
Musanayambe kulima bowa, muyenera kudziwa komwe mungapeze mycelium. Makhalidwe apamwamba kwambiri a mycelium amapezeka m'malo ophunzitsira... Zoterezi zitha kugulidwa m'masitolo apadera okhala ndi ndemanga zabwino.
Ngati mukufuna, mycelium imatha kulimidwa panyumba panokha, mutakonza gawo lapansi moyenera, kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino komanso ukhondo. Ndizotheka kukhazikitsa lingaliro ili.
Chofunikira chachikulu pakulima bowa kunyumba ndikutsatira kutentha, kuyatsa ndi ukhondo.
Kupeza mycelium ndi manja anu ndi njira yoyenera kwa alimi a bowa oyamba kumene, chifukwa zimathandiza kuyesa njirayo pang'onopang'ono komanso popanda mtengo wokwera.
Makhalidwe aukadaulo wokula
Ukadaulo wokulitsa mycelium wofuna kuswana ma champignon, bowa wa oyisitara, agarics ya uchi imakhudza kukhazikitsa njira zingapo.
Njira yoyamba yopezera chikhalidwe choyera kuchokera ku champignon spores imagwiritsidwabe ntchito kwambiri polima mycelium wapamwamba kwambiri, wotchedwa uterine. Njirayi imakupatsani mwayi wolima mbewu zoyera, zolimba zomwe zimapereka zokolola zabwino ndikukhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino.
Ntchito yayikulu ya mlimi wa bowa kupeza uterine thallus ndi kukhalabe aseptic, kuti asapatsire chikhalidwe ndi tizilombo tomwe tili m'deralo. Kutsata lamuloli kumatsimikizira chinthu chabwino ndi kukoma kwambiri.
Ma spore okhwima kapena gawo la thupi lobala zipatso limabzalidwa pagawo, lomwe ndi gawo lopanda michere wort agar, oat kapena karoti agar.
Zofalitsa zimakonzedwa m'machubu zoyesera, ndipo zikakhazikika, chikhalidwe chimayambitsidwa pamenepo ndi chida chosabereka, chomwe chitha kukhala waya kapena singano yoluka ndi lupu kumapeto. Kuti tikhalebe osabereka, zochitika zonse zimachitidwa pamoto.
Timachubu timasindikizidwa ndi cholembera chosawola cha thonje komanso chosungidwa nthawi zonse pafupifupi 24 madigiri Pasanathe masabata awiri mpaka mapangidwe athunthu a mycelium. Chikhalidwe chazitsulo zamachubu zoyeserera zimatha kusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali kutentha Madigiri 1-2 ndikubwezeretsa kwakanthawi (kamodzi pachaka) kuti mukhalebe ndi katundu wa mycelium.
Gawo lotsatira ndi kupeza mbewu kuchokera ku kompositi kapena tirigu mycelium. Manyowa apamwamba kwambiri amapangidwa kuchokera kuzipangizo zotsatirazi:
- manyowa, makamaka kavalo kapena ng'ombe;
- udzu;
- gypsum;
- choko;
- urea;
- superphosphate;
- ufa wa alabaster.
Yabwino kugwiritsa ntchito ngati gawo lapansi manyowa okonzeka... Imaikidwa m'mitsuko itatu-lita ya 2/3 ya voliyumu, kukhumudwa kumapangidwa pakati, mitsuko imakulungidwa ndi chivindikiro chachitsulo chokhala ndi bowo la 2-3 cm pakati. Bowo limasindikizidwa ndi cholembera cha thonje-thonje ndipo zotengera ndizosawilitsidwa.
Pansi pa zikhalidwe za aseptic, uterine mycelium imabzalidwa kumapeto kwa kompositi kudzera mu bowo lophimbidwa, lomwe limatsekedwanso pambuyo poti ntchitoyi ithe. Kulima mbewu ya mycelium kumachitika chimodzimodzi ndi uterine.
Pakukula bowa kunyumba, ndizotheka kupeza tirigu mycelium... Pachifukwa ichi, ndikofunikira kukonzekera bwino njere:
- Wiritsani tirigu m'madzi mu chiyerekezo cha 1: 1.5 kwa mphindi 30-60 ndikuziziritsa.
- Yanikani tirigu ndikuyiyika mumitsuko kapena matumba a polypropylene, ndikudzaza theka.
- Samatenthetsa zinthu zomwe zakonzedwa.
- Bzalani mycelium, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi kompositi.
Chikhalidwe choyera chimakhala ndi maluwa oyera oyera opanda mawanga obiriwira kapena abula. Kufesa kokonzekera kokonzedwa bwino kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kukulitsa zokolola za bowa m'magawo ang'onoang'ono.
Kupanga kwa mycelium wabwino kumafuna luso ndikukonzekera mosamala zikhalidwezo. Chifukwa chake, musanapite ku bizinesi, ndibwino kuyesa kubzala mbewu zochepa ndikukolola koyamba. Zomwe mwaphunzira zitha kukhala zothandiza kwambiri ndipo zidzakuthandizani kuwunika zabwino zonse ndi zoyipa za ntchito yokula bowa.