Ndimu ndi mtengo wa thermophilic wosatha womwe ungalimidwe kunyumba. Mbewu yotere ya zipatso, yobzalidwa pamwala kutentha, nthawi zonse imakondweretsa diso ndi masamba obiriwira nthawi zonse.
Koma kuti mupeze zipatso zonunkhira zachikasu, muyenera kumezetsa chomeracho moyenera.
NKHANI ndi zikhalidwe za katemera
Kukula mandimu kunyumba ndichinthu chophweka kwambiri. Izi zimafuna kubzala zinthu zabwino kwambiri, chidebe chokhala ndi dothi komanso chisamaliro chabwino cha mbewu. Kutsata zofunikira zonse kuti zikule kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mtengo wokongola wa zipatso ndi masamba olimba. Idzayamba kubala zipatso osachepera zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri.
Mutha kupeza zipatso zothandiza mwachangu kwambiri ngati mungabzale posankha njira yoyenera. Njirayi ikuthandizani kuti mukolole koyamba zaka zitatu. Mandimu ena amatha kubala zipatso mchaka choyamba mutalumikiza.
Ankalumikiza ndi kayendedwe ka mphukira kapena masamba kuchokera pa chomera china kupita ku china kuti chikwaniritse bwino. Izi zimayenera kuchitika chaka chimodzi mutabzala, pomwe thunthu lamphamvu lobiriwira lidzatuluka m'mbewu.
Nthawi yabwino kubzala masamba kapena mphukira ndi mkatikati mwa masika. Pakadali pano, chomeracho chimayamba kukulitsa zochitika zonse zofunika pamoyo. Ngati ndi kotheka, mutha kubzala mandimu kunyumba mu Ogasiti.
Kodi mungasankhe bwanji katundu?
Pofuna kuti zotsatira za katemera zitheke, chitsa chachikulu kwambiri chiyenera kusankhidwa - chikhalidwe chomwe chimapangidwira. Chomera chabwino cha mayi ndi mphukira yodzala mbewu yomwe ili ndi theka la sentimita imodzi.
Mbewu zamphamvu za zipatso za zipatso monga mphesa, lalanje ndi mandimu nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitsa. Mukamasankha chomera chomera kumtengo, munthu ayenera kuganizira mawonekedwe ake - kukula, kulawa, chizolowezi chamatenda.
Njira yabwino kwambiri yolumikiza chomera chakunyumba ndi mbeu zokolola zochepa kapena zazing'ono.
Asanapangidwe, nthambi zingapo zazing'ono za mandimu zimakololedwa. Scion yotere ndi yomwe idalumikizidwa pa mmera wa mayi; chomera cha zipatso chokha ndichoyenera kutengedwa. Mphukira zimachotsedwa minga ndi masamba. Mphukira zachikale ndi petioles zokha ndizomwe ziyenera kutsalira panthambi.
Njira zokometsera ndimu
Mitundu ingapo yamagulu olumikiza imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthira mbewu ya zipatso:
- Zodula... Njirayi itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mchaka ndi chilimwe. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito nthambi zomwe zili ndi masamba angapo. Mutha kuchita njira ziwiri zokulumikizira - "makungwa" ndi "kugawanika"
- Kutengera. Pogwiritsa ntchito kumtengowo, masheya ndi gawo lomwe linalumikizidwa ndi makulidwe omwewo amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kulumikizana koteroko pogwiritsa ntchito cuttings kumatha kukhala kosavuta ndikusintha.
- Kutha. Imeneyi ndi njira yofala kwambiri yodzitemera. Idzachitika mu Epulo ndi Meyi. Kwa budding, mphukira imodzi yokhala ndi zokutira zowonda imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imasankhidwa kuchokera ku cuttings ya chomera cholimidwa. Chinsalu chotere chimalowetsedwa mu khungwa la chitsa.
Mwezi umodzi usanalumikizidwe, muyenera kuwona momwe mizu ya chikhalidwecho ilili, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, bwezerani nthaka.
Kodi kumezanitsa ndi cuttings?
Kumayambiriro kwa masika, chomeracho chimatsitsimutsa njira zonse zamoyo. Mtengo umakula mwachangu nthambi ndi masamba, zomwe ndi zinthu zabwino zodulira.
Kulima ndimu mothandizidwa ndi mwana wachinyamata kumachitika magawo angapo:
- katundu wotsukidwa ndi fumbi amadulidwa mopingasa pamtunda wa masentimita asanu kuchokera pansi;
- kugawanika kwazomwekuya kwa masentimita awiri a tsinde lalikulu kumachitika;
- pansi pa kudula, kudula kwa oblique kumapangidwa mofanana ndi kudulidwa pa tsinde;
- phesi kumapeto ndi impso zimalowetsedwa m'kati mwake;
- scion yomwe idalowa mu chembacho imakanikizidwa pang'onopang'ono pa tsinde;
- mphambano atakulunga mosamala ndi tepi pulasitiki;
- odulidwa pa tsinde ali wokutidwa ndi varnish yapamunda yapadera.
Ankalumikiza ndi cuttings amatchedwa "kwa makungwa".
Zomera zazing'ono sizimalekerera dzuwa. Kuunikira kwapangidwe kudzakhala njira yabwino kwambiri panyumba.
Kujambula kwa cuttings "mu mphanga" kumachitika mosiyana pang'ono:
- makungwa onse amadulidwa kuchokera pa tsinde pamtunda wa masentimita asanu ndi awiri;
- Zotsalira zimagawidwa pakati ndi mpeni wakuthwa kuzama kwa masentimita awiri kapena anayi;
- tsinde la kudula limadulidwa moyenera kuchokera mbali zosiyana;
- scion imalowetsedwa mu cheke, pomwe payenera kukhala masamba atatu;
- malo olumikiza amakulungidwa ndi zinthu za kanema.
Pofuna kulumikiza bwino, m'pofunika kuti makungwa a scion ndi chitsa azipanikizika pakamayimitsidwa.
Chidebe chokhala ndi mtengo wa zipatso wa citrus chimayikidwa pamalo otentha pomwe mpweya wabwino umayenera kuchitika. Pamene ma petioles achikasu ayamba kugwa, muyenera kuyimitsa bandeji pang'ono, ndipo ndikukula kwa impso, imachotsedwa.
Kutengera
Njira yolumikizira iyenera kuchitika pakakhala bata, zomwe zimachitika nthawi yachisanu. Muthanso kutsatira kumayambiriro kwa masika mpaka masamba atayamba kuwonekera.
Kukhomerera kumeneku ndiimodzi mwazinthu zomwe anthu ambiri amakonda kulumikiza. Ndiosavuta kuzipanga:
- katundu ndi scion wokhala ndi makulidwe omwewo amasankhidwa;
- mabala ofanana a oblique amapangidwa patsinde la chomera cha mayi ndi mdulidwe;
- malo odulidwa amalumikizana;
- malo okwerera amafikiranso mosamala ndi tepi.
Kukutira kumayenera kuchitidwa mosamala kwambiri, mabatani ofananitsidwawo sanasunthe. Mukayendetsedwa bwino, phesi lisaikira pakapita kanthawi lidzayamba kukhala ndi moyo, kumera. Ngati zizindikirazo zikuwonekera, mavalidwe ayenera kuchotsedwa.
Momwe mungamere mandimu kunyumba kuti ibereke zipatso ndikumera?
Kulumikiza kapena kutsekeka kwa peephole ndi njira yosavuta yolumikizira pogwiritsa ntchito cuttings. Izi zitha kuchitika kuyambira kumapeto kwa nthawi yamasika mpaka kumapeto kwa Ogasiti. Munthawi imeneyi, zomera zimayamba kuyenda bwino. M'chaka, diso lophuka limasankhidwa kuti lilowetse magazi, ndipo kumapeto kwa chilimwe, zinthuzo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira yogona.
Kwa scion, muyenera kudula mphukira ndi mphukira ndi mpeni woyera ndikupanga mabala awiri opingasa. Yoyamba ndi sentimita imodzi pamwamba pa mphukira, yachiwiri ndi sentimita imodzi ndi theka pansi pa mphukira yachikale.
Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zochepetsera, ndikofunikira:
- pangani chidule mu mawonekedwe a kalata "T" pa khungwa la malo osamalidwa bwino;
- pindani makona mu khungwa, lopangidwa chifukwa chodulira;
- ikani scion wokonzeka mu mpata wopangidwa;
- Katemera amakutidwa ndi tepi kuti impso zizikhala zotseguka;
- Pamalo pomwe kumezetsanitsako kumakutidwa ndi varnish wam'munda.
Chomeracho chimakutidwa ndi botolo la pulasitiki kapena thumba la pulasitiki kuti apange wowonjezera kutentha. Pogwiritsa ntchito scion ndi chitsa, pangani mpweya wabwino nthawi zonse ndikuchotsa mphukira zosafunikira.
Bandeji yolumikizira ndi chivundikiro cha wowonjezera kutentha zimachotsedwa patatha mwezi umodzi. Ngati bungweli likuyenda bwino, phesi liyenera kugwa, kusiya chitseko chokha pa tsinde. Katunduyu amadulidwa pamtunda wa masentimita khumi kuchokera kumtengowo.
Budding ndiyabwino nyengo yamitambo. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi mumlengalenga kudzathandiza kuteteza impso kuti zisaume.
Kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino, muyenera kutsatira malangizo ena ochokera kwa omwe amalima:
- kutha kwathunthu pamachitidwe onse;
- mabala onse ayenera kupangidwa ndi mpeni wakuthwa, wonola bwino;
- gwiritsirani ntchito mbewu zabwino, zolimba;
- chotsani mphukira zochulukirapo mutalumikiza kumtengo;
- thirirani katunduyo ndi madzi ambiri musanamezetse;
- Mukalandira katemera, gwiritsani ntchito wowonjezera kutentha, yemwe amayenera kupuma mpweya wokwanira;
- moisten nthaka mu wowonjezera kutentha mini pogwiritsa ntchito swab ya thonje yoviikidwa m'madzi.
Pambuyo pakuphatikizika bwino, nthambiyi imalumikizidwa ndi tsinde pamalo okhazikika. Chomera chomeracho chimayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse, kuteteza nthaka kuti isamaume.
Bzalani mandimu kunyumba ndikupeza zokolola zoyamba pakapita nthawi kwa aliyense. Pazotsatira zabwino, ndikofunikira kusankha njira yotemera, ndikuchita moyenera.