Mwachikhalidwe, amakhulupirira kuti kufalitsa mphesa kumatheka kokha ndi mbande kapena kuyala. Palinso njira ina, ngakhale yayitali, koma yosangalatsa. Momwe mungakulire mphesa kuchokera kubzala kunyumba kuti mukhale ndi chomera chokongoletsera ndikupeza zokolola zabwino.
Kodi ndizotheka kulima mphesa kuchokera kubzala kunyumba
Ngakhale kafukufuku wochuluka amatsimikizira kuti njira yofalitsa mbewu za mphesa sizolondola nthawi zonse. Izi ndichifukwa choti mmera samasunga mitundu yazomera za kholo. Koma njira imeneyi nthawi zina imagwiritsidwa ntchito
Cholinga cha kulima mphesa kuchokera ku mbewu
- Ntchito yoswana (kuswana kwa haibridi, mapangidwe amitundu ndi kukoma kwabwino, chisanu ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda).
- Kulima mbande.
- Ntchito yokongola ya mmera.
- Kukula kwa katundu.
Si mitundu yonse yamphesa yomwe ili yoyenera njira yofalitsa mbewu, mitundu yosakanizidwa yoyambirira imagwiritsidwa ntchito motere:
- Mgwirizano waku Russia,
- Marshmallow,
- Kondwerani,
- Kesha-1,
- Kupambana,
- Laura.
Ndipo zipatso zopindulitsa za mitundu yodzipangira: M'bandakucha woyambirira, Alfa, wofiirira waku Russia ndi wotsika kuposa tchire la amayi.Chisankho chimadalira cholinga chogwiritsa ntchito zipatso: wowawasa - popanga winem, zokoma zimadyedwa osakonzedwa.
Zinthu zapadera sizisungidwa nthawi zonse. Chifukwa chake, mutha kubzala mbewu zingapo za mitundu yomweyo nthawi imodzi. M'tsogolomu, yerekezerani kukoma, zokolola, tizilombo ndi kukana chisanu.
Mphesa zomwe zimamera kuchokera ku mbewu ndizochepa kwambiri pakukolola ndi zipatso, poyerekeza ndi chomera chomwe chimafalikira ndi cuttings kapena cuttings.
Kukonzekera mbewu zoti mubzale
Kwa mbande zopambana, zipatso zazikulu, zakupsa zimasankhidwa, zopanda zopindika kapena matenda. Siyani mpaka mutakhwime bwinobwino.
Magawo okonzekera mafupa
- Chotsani zamkati, tsukani nyembazo m'madzi kapena zilowerere kwa maola awiri.
- Mafupa akulu, beige kapena bulauni amasankhidwa.
- Kuchulukitsa kumera, njira yokhotakhota imachitika, kuyambira pasanafike Disembala kwa miyezi ingapo. Ndiye, kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, mmerawo umatha kuikidwa pamalo otseguka.
Kusintha
Mbeu zosankhidwa zimayikidwa mu nsalu yonyowa pokonza ndi thumba la pulasitiki ndikusungidwa m'firiji kwamasabata 6-8. Kutentha kokwanira ndi + 3⁰С - 0⁰ С. Zimafunika kuyendera nthanga nthawi zonse, kamodzi pakatha masiku 10.
Kuthetsa mawonekedwe a nkhungu, m'pofunika kuti nthawi zonse muzimutsuka mafupa ndi madzi. Kenako, patatha miyezi 1.5-2, chipolopolocho chimayamba kusweka. Izi zikuwonetsa kutha kwa stratification.
Pamapeto pake, mbewu zimayikidwa pa nsalu yonyowa pokonza, osaphimba, pamalo otentha. Pakadutsa masiku atatu, mizu yopyapyala imayamba kuwonekera. Yakwana nthawi yobzala m'nthaka.
Olima minda ena samagwiritsa ntchito njira yokhotakhota nthawi zonse. Pachifukwachi, mbewu zimafesedwa nyengo yachisanu isanafike, pamalo otseguka, pomwe kuchuluka kwakumera kumakhala kotsika.
Musagwiritse ntchito nthangala za zipatso zosapsa pobzala. Amakhala ndi nyemba zochepa, kapena mphukira zofooka zomwe zimapanga zokolola zochepa zimakula.
Kufesa kunyumba mumphika
Kufesa magawo
- Konzani nthaka. Pazinthu izi, gwiritsani ntchito malo ogulitsira kapena kusakaniza mosadukiza ofanana mchenga, humus ndi nthaka yamunda
- Ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito chidebe chosiyana pa mmera uliwonse. M'mbuyomu, ngalande imapangidwa mwala uliwonse ndipo miyala ingapo imatsanulidwa pansi. Dzazani ndi chisakanizo chapadziko lapansi.
- Mbeu imafunika kubzala mpaka kuya kwa masentimita 1-1.5 mumphika ndikukhala.
- Mawindo owala bwino, makamaka oyang'ana kumwera, ndi malo abwino kukula. Zimangokhala kumera kubzala.
- Kusunga chinyezi m'nthaka kumera, makapuwo amakhala ndi zojambulazo.
Kuti mbewu zikule bwino, ndikofunikira kukhalabe ndi kutentha. Kutentha kwamasana koyenera sikuyenera kukhala kotsika kuposa + 20⁰C, ndipo nthawi yausiku - osachepera + 15⁰C., Pambuyo masiku 7-11, mphukira idzawonekera.
Kusamalira mbewu
Chofunikira pakukula kwa chomera cholimba nthawi ndi nthawi, kuthirira pang'ono komanso kukhalapo kwa kuwala kwa maola 8 patsiku. Kuphatikiza apo, chisamaliro chachikulu ndikumasula ndikudyetsa. Manyowa a nayitrogeni kapena a phosphorous amagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku khumi aliwonse.
Pachiyambi choyamba, ndi bwino kuthirira mphukira zazing'ono kuchokera mu botolo la kutsitsi kuti zisasokoneze mizu... Mmera umayang'aniridwa tsiku ndi tsiku kuti kulibe akangaude. Tizilombo timatha kuwononga chomeracho.
Ngati pokonzekera mphesa zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa chipinda, ndiye kutalika kwa masentimita 10 mmera umabzalidwa mu chidebe chokhala ndi malita 3-4.
Kubzala pamalo otseguka kumachitika m'masiku oyamba a Juni.
Musanabzala, mbandezo zimaumitsidwa kwa masiku 5-7. Kuti achite izi, masana amayikidwa panja, m'malo opanda phokoso, mumthunzi pang'ono. Zochita izi zimathandizira kukhazikitsa mwachangu ndikuchotsa zotsatirapo zoyipa chifukwa cha kutentha kwa dzuwa.
Kusamalira panja ndi kusamalira mpesa
Mbande zikafika kutalika kwa 20-30 cm, zimayikidwa m'munda.
- Malo okwererawo amasankhidwa kukhala dzuwa, bata, makamaka zobisika ku mphepo yakumpoto.
- Nthaka iyenera kukhala yopepuka, yopumira, yokwanira. M'madera otsika kwambiri, mphesa zimaundana.
- Kusakanikirana kwa humus, mchenga ndi nthaka zimatsanuliridwa m'mabowo okumbidwa pamtunda wa 1.5-2 mita wina ndi mnzake.
- Mbande za mphesa zimabzalidwa panthaka yonyowa tsiku lotentha, dzuwa.
- Mphukira iliyonse imakonzedwa kuti igwirizane mozungulira (nthawi zambiri izi ndizoyenda mamita 2 kutalika ndi waya wotambasulidwa).
M'nyengo yoyamba yotentha, chisamaliro chimakhala ndi kuthirira nthawi zonse, kumasula ndi kupalira. Pazotheka, mphesa zimazula bwino ndikufika kutalika kwa mita 1-2 mchaka choyamba.
Kudulira mphesa kumalimbikitsidwa kwa chaka chachitatu chakukula. Ndi kusankha koyenera kwamitengo yosiyanasiyana, zokolola zimayembekezeka zaka 3-4, nthawi zina pambuyo pa 2.
Kulima mphesa kuchokera kunyumba ndi njira yowonjezera nthawi. Izi ndichifukwa chakukula kwakanthawi yayitali kukolola koyamba. Ndipo sizimabweretsa zotsatira zoyembekezereka nthawi zonse. Chifukwa chake, zikalephera, ndipo mawonekedwe amitundu mitundu sangasungidwe, mmera umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati katundu.