Kuti mukulitse zokolola zabwino, pamafunika kudzaza nthaka nthawi zonse ndi nkhokwe, zomwe zimapereka limodzi ndi zokolola. Kupanda kutero, gawo lokwera lachonde lidzatha. Kuti mutenge kena kake, muyenera kupereka kaye kanthu. Poterepa, kukolola kosatha osakhutitsa dothi ndi zinthu ndikosaganizira komanso kosasamala kwa namwino wathu.
Manyowa amchere komanso feteleza atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito panthaka. Ndi bwino kuchita izi mokwanira. Komabe, feteleza amchere ndiokwera mtengo. Monga njira yothetsera, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zamoyo zomwe zakonzedwa mwanjira inayake. Zakudya zam'thupi ndizinyama - manyowa komanso zitosi za nkhuku. Mukasunga nkhuku, atsekwe, abakha, nkhuku kumbuyo kwanu kapena mdziko muno, simupeza feteleza wabwino kuposa ndowe za nkhukuzi zodyetsera mbewu.
Zitosi za nkhuku
Zomwe zimayambitsa manyowa a nkhuku ndi awa:
- mankhwala a nayitrogeni;
- phosphorous;
- potaziyamu;
- calcium;
- zosiyanasiyana zazikulu ndi zazing'ono;
- layimu;
- phosphoric acid;
- magnesium;
- sulfure;
- potaziyamu okusayidi;
- biologically yogwira mankhwala;
- zinthu zina.
Manyowa a nkhuku amakhala ndi phosphorous kangapo kuposa ndowe za ng'ombe, Zili ndi nayitrogeni mpaka 2%, yomwe imapitilira katatu kapena kanayi kuposa feteleza pamwambapa. Mitengo ya Amoniya mmenemo imakhazikika kwambiri kotero kuti ndizosatheka kuyambitsa izi m'nthaka mu mawonekedwe ake oyenera kuti azidyera.
Momwe mungatolere ndikusunga
Chifukwa chakuti manyowa a nkhuku amakhala ndi mpweya wambiri (methane, ammonia), pali njira zapadera zokonzera, kusungira ndi kuyambitsa nthaka.
Nthawi zambiri, manyowa a nkhuku amatengedwa kuchokera ku khola limodzi ndi pang'ono pogona (udzu). Ngati nkhuku zimasungidwa kuti ziziyenda mu khola lotseguka, ndiye kuti mutha kuzitenga limodzi ndi dothi laling'ono. Sitichita kuyeretsa kwapadera kulikonse. Njira zosungira kwambiri ndi izi:
- Mulu zochuluka;
- Mulu wa manyowa kapena maenje;
- Youma granules kapena ufa.
Njira yoyamba yosungira ndi yosavuta, wamba, koma zimapereka zotsatira zochepa. Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, mukatsuka khola la nkhuku, zitosi za nkhuku zimangopakidwa pamulu ndikuzipinda pakona yamunda kapena mundawo. Pabwino kwambiri, kuphimba ndi kanema mpaka utayambika m'nthaka. Chosavuta chachikulu: ndowe zimauma msanga, ndikupanga zotupa ndi zigawo. Kuphatikiza apo, pakuyanika, amataya nayitrogeni ambiri ngati ammonia.
Njira yovomerezeka komanso yovomerezeka yosungira ndowe kunyumba ndi kukonzekera milu ya manyowa kapena maenje... Izi zimachitika motere: ndowe zazing'ono (10-15 masentimita) zimayalidwa pa kama wopalasa wa 15-20 cm. Kenako, timasinthasintha magawo kuchokera pazomwe zili pafupi. Izi zitha kukhala peat, nthaka, ndowe za ng'ombe, udzu kachiwiri, ndi zina zambiri. Zonsezi zimapangidwa ngati mulu kapena kupindidwa padzenje, zokutidwa ndi kanema pamwamba kuti zithandizire njira za anaerobic ndikuwonjezera kutentha mkati mwa mulu kapena dzenje. Pambuyo pa miyezi itatu kapena inayi, mutha kuwona zomwe zili. Ngati manyowa ali okonzeka, amawonjezeredwa mofanana, omwe adzakambidwe pansipa. Kuti mufulumizitse kuthirira ndi kukonza Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kwa EM komwe kuli ndi mabakiteriya omwe amawoneka bwino.
Njira yachitatu yosungira ndowe (granules youma kapena ufa) imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mufakitole. Zouma pakatentha pafupifupi 600 ° C, ndowe zimachotsedwa ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi nthangala za udzu. Kuphatikiza apo, kusakaniza kouma kulibe fungo linalake. Mutha kugula feteleza wopangidwa motere m'masitolo. Kuyika bwino - kuchokera magalamu mazana angapo mpaka makumi makilogalamu angapo.
Zomera ziti zomwe zili zoyenera
Nkhuku Zinyalala ngati feteleza ndizoyenera pafupifupi mbewu zonse: dzinthu, ndiwo zamasamba, zipatso, mitengo ya zipatso. Chotsalira ndi anyezi, adyo, ndi zitsamba zina pakukula. Za ndiwo zamasamba, kabichi, nkhaka, tomato, biringanya zimayankha bwino zikaponyedwa. Mitengo ya zipatso ndi zipatso imakhalanso ndi zotsatira zabwino pakugwiritsa ntchito kwake.
Gome logwiritsira ntchito feteleza wa mbeu zosiyanasiyana, t / ha
Chikhalidwe | zinyalala | |||
youma | zofunda | chinyezi chachilengedwe | kuchokera mulu wa manyowa kapena maenje | |
dzinthu | 3-4 | 8-12 | 7-9 | 18-22 |
mbatata | 3-4 | 9-13 | 8-10 | 20-24 |
Mbewu zazingwe za chakudya | 5-6 | 12-16 | 9-12 | 25-30 |
mbewu zamasamba | 6-8 | 20-25 | 12-17 | 30-40 |
mabulosi | 8-10 | 20-25 | 17-20 | 40-50 |
zipatso | 10-12 | 25-30 | 20-25 | 45-55 |
Kugwiritsa ntchito kumatha kusiyanasiyana pakati pa 1 mpaka 50% kutengera chikhalidwe, gawo lokula kwa mbewu.
Kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa a nkhuku mu granules, momwe mungasinthire
Thirani ndowe zouma m'madzimadzi, choyamba muzisungunula mumtsuko uliwonse ndi madzi (mbiya, chidebe). Chiwerengerocho chimasungidwa pa 1:25, pokhapokha zitanenedwa phukusi pogula feteleza. Onetsetsani kulimbikira kwa maola 50-70. Mitengo yazipatso imamereredwa mu mitengo ikuluikulu. Masamba amathiriridwa molunjika pamabedi. Ndikofunika kutsuka masamba a mbeu ngati yankho lifika pa iwo. Mitengo yoyeserera ikuwonetsedwa patebulo pamwambapa. Thirani ndi yankho ili kawiri kapena katatu pachaka.
Mukakhala okayikira zakuti feteleza angayike bwanji pa mbeu inayake, ndibwino kuti mbeu yake izikhala yocheperapo. Pachiyambi choyamba, vutoli likhoza kukonzedwa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ntchito, ndipo chachiwiri, chomeracho chitha kufa.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito manyowa owuma a nkhuku ngati feteleza
Manyowa owuma angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'njira ziwiri:
- Ngati ndi yabwino kwambiri kapena ya ufa, itha kutero kufalikira panthaka kumapeto kwadzinja nyengo yachisanu isanachitike pang'ono (pafupifupi theka ndi theka kuwirikiza kuposa momwe zingafunikire pakukula mbewu). Momwemo, ndowe zouma zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito m'maenje azamasamba, zitsamba kapena mitengo. Kugwiritsa ntchito kumawonetsedwa patebulo.
- Manyowa ndi yankho. Monga momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito granules, imayamba kuchepetsedwa mu chidebe chilichonse ndi madzi. Chiwerengerocho chimasungidwa 1:25, pokhapokha zitalembedwa phukusili. Kuumirira masiku awiri kapena atatu.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito manyowa a zinyalala kuchokera ku milu ya manyowa
Musanagwiritse ntchito feteleza wosungidwa pamwambapa, mufunika sungunulani m'mitsuko... Chidebe sichiyenera kutero. Muyenera kunyamula chotengera chokhala ndi malita 20 kapena kupitilira apo. Ndowe zonyansa ziyenera kutenga nthawi yayitali kuti zipse. Izi zitenga nthawi yochulukirapo. Zinyalala za kompositi zatsala pang'ono kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kungokwanira kunena pamadzi kwa maola angapo.
Mutha kulembetsanso njira yobalalitsira pamalowo... Izi zimachitika kugwa mukakolola mbewu zonse. Mu kasupe, ndimadzi osungunuka, kuchuluka kwa michereyo kumalowa m'nthaka. Masamba olimba otsala adzakhala njira yabwino kwambiri yokonzera nthaka.
Ubwino ndi zovuta
Kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa a nkhuku polima mbewu kwachita zochita zabwino:
- Kapangidwe ndi nthaka: ndi ufa wophika wabwino kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, imadzaza nthaka yachonde ndi michere ya microflora ndi zomera. Chifukwa chakuyambitsa ndowe m'nthaka, njira za aerobic ndi anaerobic zimalimbikitsidwa;
- Pazomera zokha: amatenga michere yowonjezera m'njira yoti adzipangire okha kuti adzipangire zobiriwira, zotupa kapena zipatso (kutengera chikhalidwe);
- Kwa nyengo yakucha ya chipatso: timapeza kukolola koyambirira;
- Pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali ngati feteleza woyikidwa m'nthaka kwa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu;
- Yatsani pH yobwezeretsa sing'anga nthaka;
- Pakukwera chomera kukaniza matenda.
Kuphatikiza apo, manyowa a nkhuku ndi otsika mtengo kuposa feteleza amchere. Chifukwa chake, mwanjira ina, ikhoza kuwalowetsa m'malo.
Komabe, mankhwalawa ali nawo vuto limodzi... Popeza manyowa ali ndi zinthu zambiri mochulukirapo, kuchuluka kwake m'nthaka kumakhudza kukula ndi chitukuko cha zomera, mpaka kufa kwawo. Chifukwa chake Ndikofunika kuti tisadye kwambiri masamba, zipatso ndi mbewu zina.
Monga chinthu chilichonse, chimatha kukhala mankhwala komanso poizoni. Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito kwa manyowa a nkhuku monga feteleza.
Chilengedwe chimatipatsa njira ndi njira zowasamalira. Sikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito "chemistry", kupanga zamoyo zosintha moyo wathu ndikukula. Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru chuma chomwe chilipo, osayiwala zakubwezeretsanso kwawo pobereka.