Chaka chilichonse, eni nyumba zazing'ono zotentha amathetsa ntchito yovuta yosankha pakati pa mbeu zamasamba zosiyanasiyana. Ndi uti amene ati apatse zokolola zazikulu kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale kuti nkhaka imakhala ndi kukoma kwabwino. Mwa zina zaposachedwa kwambiri za obereketsa, nkhata zaku Siberia f1. Ndikulima kosavuta komanso kuchuluka kwa zokololazo, zikufanizirana bwino ndi abale ena, ndi mapangidwe olondola a tchire, amapereka mazira ochuluka ngati magulu kapena maluwa.
Kodi zosiyanasiyana ndi chiyani
Obereketsa ochokera ku Chelyabinsk adapanga mbewu yatsopano zaka zingapo zapitazo. Kuchokera pachomera chimodzi mutha kupeza zipatso mu kuchuluka kwa makilogalamu 40. Chikhalidwe chake ndi kupezeka kwa thumba losunga mazira ndi kukolola koyambirira - nkhaka zoyamba zimawonekera patatha masiku 45 mphukira zitayamba.
Korona wa ku Siberia safuna kuyendetsa mungu, mapangidwe a thumba losunga mazira amapezeka ngakhale nyengo ili bwino. Kulima ndikubzala pamalo otseguka kuli koyenera zosiyanasiyana.
Chizindikiro cha zokolola chimadalira kuchotsa kwakanthawi nkhaka. Ngati malamulo onse atsatiridwa, ndiye kuti mutha kupeza masamba asanafike chisanu choyamba. Nkhaka ndi zobiriwira zakuda, mpaka 8 cm kutalika, malangizowo ndi owala kwambiri. Minga yofewa imaphimba chipatso chonsecho. Kukoma ndi kokoma, kununkhira... Zothandiza kuti mugwiritse ntchito mu saladi watsopano kapena pokonzekera. Palibe kuwawa pamtundu wamtundu. Zosiyanasiyana zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kulimba kwake, amalekerera mosavuta kuzizira ndi chilala... Sichitha matenda enawa:
- powdery mildew;
- kuwoneka bulauni;
- zithunzi za fodya;
- peronosporiosis
Kokwanira kolona
Kufika kumachitika m'njira ziwiri: mmera ndi mbewu.
Kupeza mbande
Ndizosatheka kutenga zokolola zabwino popanda mbande zabwino, zamphamvu.... Ntchito imayamba m'masiku omaliza amwezi woyamba kasupe. Mbewu imayikidwa m'makontena omwe adakonzedwa kale ndi nthaka yachonde. Kuzama kwa maenjewo ndi masentimita 2. Kenako galasi kapena kanema amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphimba mbande zamtsogolo. Zotengera zimayikidwa pamalo okhala ndi kuwala kowala komanso kutentha kosachepera kwa madigiri +25. Kutsirira kumachitika masiku atatu aliwonse. Mphukira zoyamba zidzawonekera pakatha masiku 7.
Mphukira zoyamba zikapangidwa, zofundazo ziyenera kuchotsedwa, koma osati mwadzidzidzi, koma pang'onopang'ono. Tsiku lililonse kanemayo amachotsedwa kwa mphindi 7-10, kuti pofika nthawi yomwe pepala loyamba lipangidwe, limatha kuchotsedwa kwathunthu.
Mbande za mwezi umodzi zakonzeka kusamukira kumalo awo okhala - kumunda wamasamba.
Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisinthe chikhalidwecho kuti chikhale chatsopano masiku angapo kubzala. Tsiku lililonse, zotengera zimatulutsidwa kupita mumsewu kapena mu wowonjezera kutentha, kutengera lingaliro la wolima.
Kubzala mbewu
Kukula kuchokera ku mbewu ndiye njira yosavuta kwambiri, zonse zomwe mungafune ndikubzala mbewu pabedi lam'munda. Izi zisanachitike, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichite zinthu zingapo zosavuta zomwe zingathandize kumera mtsogolo:
- mbewu zimayikidwa m'madzi ofunda ndikusiyidwa kwa maola 24 (ngati mbewu zina zimayandama, ndiye kuti zitha kutayidwa);
- kukonza kukuchitika njira yofooka ya manganese;
- dikirani mpaka mbewu zimere;
- muyenera kubzala mosamala popanda kuwononga muzu;
- pangani mabowo panthaka yakuya masentimita 1.5, onetsetsani mtunda wa 70 cm pakati pa chilichonse, ndipo mzere wotsatira usakhale pafupi ndi 15 cm;
- panthawi yokwera, kutentha kwa nthaka kumakhala pafupifupi madigiri +15.
Mbeu zimatulutsidwa mumphika, simukuyenera kugwedeza pansi ndikumira mu dzenje, kuti masamba abodza akhale m'nthaka. Dziko lapansi ladzaza mosamala. Kuthirira madzi ambiri kumafunika musanabzala. Ngati mabedi sanakonzedwe pasadakhale (tikambirana pansipa), muyenera kuwonjezera phulusa pang'ono ndi carbamide kuchuluka kwa 5 g.
Zinthu zokutira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha panja.
Tikukonzekera nthaka
Kwa korona waku Siberia, mufunika malo okhala ndi mthunzi wowala pang'ono... Dzuwa lotentha limabweretsa kukula kosauka, kuyanika mwachangu kwa mbewu ndi zipatso zochepa. Kupanda chitetezo chachilengedwe (mitengo yamithunzi, nyumba kapena mpanda) si chifukwa chokana kudzala zipatso zosiyanasiyana. Ndikosavuta kuti mupange kakhonde kakang'ono nokha, pang'ono pang'ono. Mpendadzuwa kapena chimanga zimabzalidwa pafupi ndi nkhaka kuti zikhale ndi mthunzi.
Kubzala nyemba pafupi sikoyenera. Ngati palibe chisamaliro choyenera, ndiye kuti mphukira za zomera zonse zimayamba kulumikizana.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa munda wa nkhaka kuyenera kuchitika kugwa.... Zinyalala zoyambira zimayikidwa pamalo osankhidwa - udzu wawung'ono, nthambi zodulidwa, masamba akugwa. Mzerewo ukhoza kufika masentimita 12. Pamwamba muyenera kuyika ndowe yofanana, kuphimba ndi zojambulazo ndikupita m'nyengo yozizira. Mukamagwira ntchito yamasika, mudzaze ndi humus.
Kukonzekera masika pakama kudzafunika kuyambitsidwa kwa mchere... M'dera losankhidwa, dothi limamasulidwa, kuyikidwa ndi zinthu zovunda kapena kompositi. Pamwamba yokutidwa ndi nitrofoskoy mu mawonekedwe owuma ndi kusefa phulusa la nkhuni, kenako kusintha kwa dothi kumayamba. Pomaliza, bedi limathiriridwa, lokutidwa ndi zojambulazo ndikusiyidwa motere masiku 10.
Momwe mungasamalire nkhaka mukabzala
Zochita zomwe amalima masamba onse amachita ndi izi:
- kuthirira ndi kuthira nthaka munthawi yake;
- kudyetsa;
- mapangidwe achikhalidwe ndi garter pa trellis.
Zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza kuthirira
Kusowa kwa madzi kumakhudza mbewu zamasamba. Kutsirira kuyenera kukhala kokhazikika... Kutentha kwambiri, njirayi imakhala tsiku lililonse. Nthawi yotsala ngati ikufunika komanso osayembekezera kuti dziko lapansi liume. Maola abwino kwambiri kuthirira m'mawa. Tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ofunda, okhazikika. Amaloledwa kupanga ulimi wothirira, koma owaza sangagwiritsidwe ntchito. Mulch wa masentimita 10 pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse umathandiza kusunga chinyezi.
Momwe mungamere manyowa
Zovala za ku Siberia zimafunika kudyetsedwa pafupipafupi kuti zitheke. Mutha kusankha mankhwala kapena mankhwala azitsamba, apa eni ake amasankha paokha. Tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza masiku asanu ndi awiri ndipo nthawi yomweyo musinthe kapangidwe kake. Asanachitike, mbewuzo zimathiriridwa kwambirikupewa kuwononga mizu yosakhwima.
Mapangidwe a Garland
Chitsamba chiyenera kupangidwa bwino, apo ayi mwina simungayembekezere zozizwitsa zonse zolonjezedwa kuchokera kumaluwa aku Siberia pankhani yazokolola. Chomeracho chimapangidwa ndi tsinde limodzi... Pamfundo zam'munsi, m'pofunika kuchotsa masitepisi onse pamodzi ndi thumba losunga mazira. Mphukira imodzi yatsala, yomwe imakhala ndi masamba ndi mazira ambiri pamfundo iliyonse.
Ndikofunika kuthana ndi kukolola munthawi yake kuti mapangidwe azotsatira asayime.
Chitsamba chikakula mamita awiri, simungathe kuzitsina, koma zizipangire zokha, kupotoza mozungulira mitengoyo.
Za matenda ndi tizirombo
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, nkhata ya ku Siberia ili nayo Chitetezo chamatenda ofala kwambiri pazomera zamasamba. Nthawi zambiri wokhalamo mchilimwe amakumana ndi kuwola kwa mtundu wina kapena wowola ndi tizilombo tovulaza.
- Mu maphunziro imvi zowola Ndikofunika kuwononga magawo onse okhudzidwa ndi chomeracho. Pakani sulphate yamkuwa yophatikizidwa ndi phulusa lamatabwa m'malo odulidwa, koma mosamala kwambiri. Njira zopangidwa mwapadera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira zodzitetezera.
- Kuchokera vwende nsabwe Zomera zomwe zimakhala ndi fungo lonunkhira zitha kudziteteza: tsabola wotentha, masamba a fodya, anyezi kapena mivi ya adyo. Zonsezi zimaphwanyidwa, zosakanizidwa ndi madzi. Chotsatira chake chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza nkhaka. Pankhani yolanda tizilombo, ndiye kuti muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
- KUCHOKERA kangaude Sizothandiza kulimbana ndi mankhwala owerengeka, chifukwa chake mankhwalawa amachitika ndi ma acaricides. Mukakolola, oyang'anira sulfa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupewetsa nthaka.
Kugonjetsedwa kwa nkhaka ndi peronosporiosis
Za zabwino ndi zovuta za nkhaka Siberia korona f1
Zina mwazikhalidwe zabwino za korona waku Siberia ndi izi:
- zokolola zochuluka;
- zipatso zazitali;
- chitetezo cha matenda;
- Kukoma kwabwino kwa zipatso;
- kunyalanyaza nyengo zokula;
- kudziyipitsa yekha.
Ngakhale kusiyanasiyana kwabwino m'njira zonsezi kuli ndi zovuta zake:
- ndikofunikira kupanga chitsamba molondola;
- kukwera mtengo kwa mbewu;
- kugula mbewu pachaka chilichonse, chifukwa zokolola kuchokera kuzomera zakulidwe zilibe umayi.
Ambiri okhala mchilimwe amakhutira ndi mitundu yatsopano komanso zokolola zake. Chowonjezera chachikulu ndikosowa kwa matenda osasangalatsa wamba. Koma kuti musangalale ndi nkhaka zambiri muyenera kugwira ntchito molimbika: musaiwale kupanga chitsamba ndikudya nthawi... Poyang'ana kumbuyo kwa mikhalidwe yambiri yabwino, zolakwikazo ndizosaoneka.