Mbalame yamatcheri ndi mtengo wokongola modabwitsa, womwe maluwa ake amalumikizana ndi malingaliro a masika. Koma, alimi ambiri samabzala paminda yawo, poganiza kuti chomerachi chimakopa tizirombo tamitundu yonse, Ngakhale amalimbikitsa kuberekana kwawo ndikukhala m'munda. Munkhaniyi, tiyeni tiwone bwino malongosoledwe ndi malamulo osamalira chitumbuwa cha mbalame za Maak.
M'malo mwake, izi ndizowona, masamba ndi inflorescence zamtengowo zimatulutsa ma phytoncides ochulukirapo, omwe ndi poizoni wakupha tizilombo tating'onoting'ono todwalitsa ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono monga nkhupakupa, midges kapena udzudzu. Ndicho chifukwa chake, ngati mutasiya maluwa akuluakulu a mbalame m'chipindamo, anthu amadwala mutu.
Komanso musaiwale za zipatso zokoma komanso zathanzi zomwe mtengo uwu umapereka... Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika kupanikizana, ma compote, kugwiritsa ntchito ngati kudzaza kuphika, kapena kungodya, bola ngati mitundu yobzalidwayo ingadye.
Pakadali pano, okhala mchilimwe amatha kupeza mitundu pafupifupi makumi awiri ya chomera chodabwitsa ichi, zonse ndi zipatso zodyedwa ndi zokongoletsa, kuphatikiza Maak bird cherry.
Kufotokozera mbalame chitumbuwa zosiyanasiyana Maaka
Mbalame yamatcheri, yomwe imadziwika ndi alimi monga Maaka, idafotokozedwa koyamba ndi botanist wodziwika bwino padziko lonse Franz Ivanovich Ruprecht wa Austrian Botanical Society mu 1857. NDI Zosiyanasiyana izi zidatchedwa dzina la katswiri wazachilengedwe waku Russia komanso wofufuza Richard Karlovich Maakyemwe adalongosola izi paulendo wake ku Far East, zigwa za Ussuri ndi Amur mu 1855-59.
Mwachilengedwe, mtengo uwu, mosiyana ndi chitumbuwa cha mbalame chomwe chimakula ku Siberia, umapezeka m'mbali mwa mitsinje ndi mitsinje ku China, Korea, ndi ku Russia - ku Far East.
Ndizosatheka kuzindikira kukongola koteroko - masamba osungunuka a emarodi, mphukira zowala zachikaso ndi maluwa oyera obalalika pamwamba pa korona mchaka, kapena magulu a zipatso zokhala ndi utoto wofiirira kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Makungwawo ndi ochititsa chidwi kwambiri - kuyambira golide wagolide mpaka bulauni, kunyezimira ndi kunyezimira kwa dzuwa ndi mwezi, kutulutsa mikwingwirima yopingasa, komwe kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mphonje wosalala.
Kutalika kwa mitengo kuthengo ifikira 16-18 mita, ndi thunthu – 40 cm awiri. Mbalame yamatcheri iyi imamasula kumapeto kwa masika, ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono omwe amasonkhanitsidwa m'maburashi otalikirana.
Pakati pa maluwa, ndibwino kuti musayandikire chomeracho, chifukwa tsiku lonse mu korona pali phokoso kuchokera ku njuchi zomwe zimafika timadzi tokoma. Cherry yamatchire a Maak amadziwika padziko lonse lapansi kuti ndi imodzi mwazomera zabwino kwambiri zam'madzi, zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa mwachindunji ndi njuchi zomwe zimazikonda. Chifukwa chake, mutabzala zosiyanasiyana m'munda, ndizomveka kuganizira mng'oma wanu.
Pakatikati mwa Julayi, ma drupes amapsa. Maguluwo ndi okongola kwambiri, koma zipatso zokha sizidyedwa ndi anthu, chifukwa cha kuwawa kwamphamvu ndi utoto wowoneka bwino. Koma, ngati mupezabe mwayi ndikumeza zipatso zingapo, kuwonjezera pa utoto wotalika wa lilime, mutha kukhala ndi vuto lakumwa.
Zimbalangondo zimakonda kudya zipatso za Maak cherry. Chifukwa chake, ngati mundawo uli pafupi ndi malo osungira zachilengedwe kapena malo osakira, sizimapweteketsa kuzindikira pakati pa chilimwe.
Mbalame ndi agologolo amakhala okonda Drupes okhwima, ndipo ma hedgehogs mwachangu amasokoneza zipatso zomwe zagwa.
Mtengo uli wokondweretsa kwambiri osati kokha chifukwa cha chiyambi chake, komanso chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadziko lonse omwe amalola kuti mitunduyi imveke bwino pafupifupi kanyumba kalikonse kamalimwe pakati panjira.
Mbalame yamatcheri Maak:
- kugonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, amalekerera mosavuta kutentha kwa subzero mpaka madigiri 40-45;
- osafuna kwambiri dothi, imamera pamtunda uliwonse, koma imawoneka yosangalatsa kwambiri pomwe imabzalidwa pamchenga wampweya wabwino.
- osatengeka ndi chilala, mmera wokha umafunika kuthirira mchaka choyamba chodzala, koma ngakhale ndi choncho nthawi zonse;
- modekha akuvutika ndi kusefukira kwamadzi kwakanthawi ndi mvula yotsalira;
- akhoza kumera mumthunzi, koma akumva bwino kwambiri padambo lotentha;
- kusiya kumatsikira ku mapangidwe a korona wofunidwa;
- osayanjana ndi tsitsi lawo, kuziika, matayala, chitsulo kapena phula pamiyala pamizu;
- ali nazo kwambiri kukula msanga;
- zimafalikira ndi mbewu, koma sizingavute kuchulukitsa ndi zodulira.
Zowonadi, zosiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana.
Makhalidwe amenewa adakopa wofalitsa wotchuka wa Michurin ku Maak's cherry cherry, pomwe iye ndi antchito ake adagwira ntchito kuti akwaniritse mawonekedwe a chitumbuwa. Pakati pa mitanda yoyamba, mitundu yambiri yosakanizidwa idapezedwa, yomwe ndikugwiritsanso ntchito zotsatira zokhazokha zophatikizira chitumbuwa cha mbalame ndi steppe chitumbuwa ndi munda wamaluwa wakale... Yodziwitsidwa kudziko lamasamba ndi wamaluwa, mitundu yomaliza ya mitengo ya haibridi imadziwika pansi pa dzina loti cerapadus, kutanthauza akamba amchere.
Makhalidwe a mtundu wa Maaka
Prunus maackii, kapena Padus maackii, monga mu Chilatini chovomerezeka mu botany, mitundu iyi yamatcheri a mbalame amatchedwa, ili ndi izi::
- kutalika kwa mtengo pafupifupi amafikira 10-11 mita;
- amawombera molunjika, "Erect", malo osindikizira omwe ali ndi masamba osanja;
- masamba ovunda, yosavuta yokhala ndi mapiri osongoka komanso pamwamba;
- malowa kusokoneza;
- maluwa ndi oyera, pafupifupi mu 1 cm, petal asanu, ndi fungo lokoma;
- Imabala zipatso zokhala ndi zipatso zosadyeka ndi anthu, pakacha - kofiira, pakacha - violet-wakuda, lilac.
Ubwino ndi zovuta
Zina mwazabwino zomwe sizingatsutsike zodzala zipatso za mbalame panyumba yanu yachilimwe, zotsatirazi zitha kusiyanitsidwa:
- wodzichepetsa mpaka nthaka;
- safuna kukonza mosamala;
- amawopsyeza midges, udzudzu ndi nkhupakupa;
- safuna kuthirirakupatula chaka choyamba cha moyo;
- ili ndi mphamvu zopanda malire popanga nyimbo;
- kukula msanga;
- imakula zonse padzuwa lowala komanso mumthunzi.
Masamba akugwa a mtengowu ali ndi nayitrogeni, laimu ndi potaziyamu. Izi zimalola nkhandwe kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma humus abwino komanso kukonza zofunda.
Zoyipa pakubzala mtengo m'mundawu zimaphatikizapo nthawi monga:
- photophilous mtengo, mtunda wochepera pakati pa mbande uyenera kukhala mita 5, ndipo ngati chitumbuwa cha mbalame chatsimikiza mtima kukhala mumthunzi, ndiye koposa;
- zochuluka kukula kwa mizu;
- kusakwanira kwa ma drupesmomwe mitundu ya Maaka imabereka zipatso;
- mwayi wopeza kupweteka mutu kukhala nthawi yayitali pafupi ndi mtengo wamaluwa;
- kukopa njuchi, ziphuphu ndi mavu m'nyengo yamaluwa, zomwe ndi zoopsa kwambiri kwa odwala matendawa.
Malamulo ofika
Sikovuta kusankha malo a chitumbuwa cha mbalame za Maak, chidzawoneka bwino ndikukhazikika bwino pakona iliyonse yamunda. Ngati pali malo onyowa pamalopo, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha kuyandikira kwa nthaka, ndiye kuti mtengowo udzauma bwino.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro okongoletsa, chomerachi chimaphatikizidwa ndi pafupifupi chilichonse padziko lapansi, chimawoneka bwino pagulu lodzala, mwachitsanzo, mukamasinthana ndi zitsamba m'malire a tsambalo, komanso mosadukiza, motsutsana ndi udzu wapakona, pakona pafupi ndi zomangamanga.
Zosiyanasiyanazi sizingokhala zopanda pake, zimalekerera kupalasa bwino, zimasintha mwachangu ndikukhazikika m'malo atsopano, chifukwa chake, palibe zizolowezi zapadera mukamabzala mtengo. Malangizo oyenera kutsatiridwa, monga:
- konzani dzenje lokwera, sikofunikira kwenikweni kuzama ndikunyamulidwa ndi feteleza, makamaka organic, kuchuluka kwawo kumatha kuwononga mmera;
- mulingo woyenera mmera kutalika 70-75 cmngati chodzala ndichachikulu, ndibwino kuti mufupikire;
- mukamabzala mbewu ziwiri kapena zingapo, zomwe ndizabwino kuyendetsa mungu, Mtunda pakati pawo uyenera kukhala mamita 5-6;
- mu dzenje muyenera gawani mizu ndi kugona, kuthirira madzi ochuluka;
- nthaka yozungulira mulch pang'ono.
Mbalame yamatcheri imabzalidwa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kapena kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira; nthawi yobzala masika, nthaka iyenera kale kusungunuka.
Kusamalira mitengo
Ndikosavuta kusamalira chitumbuwa cha mbalame - mchaka choyamba kapena ziwiri za moyo wake pamalopo, mtengowo umayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi ndi nthawi, ndikofunikanso kusamala pakupanga korona wamtsogolo mzaka zoyambirira za kukula kwa mbewu.
Pomwe mphukira zoyambirira zikuwonekera, ndibwino kuti musiye 4-5 mwa omwe atukuka kwambiri ndikuyang'ana mbali zosiyanasiyana... Zomwezo ziyeneranso kuchitidwa ndi nthambi zomwe zikukula pa iwo. Mphukira yakumtunda iyenera kudulidwa kuti zotsalira zizikula bwino momwe zingathere. Ndi bwino kukonza zocheka ndi phula lamunda.
Izi zitenga zaka zingapo. Mu mtengo wokhwima kale, ngati mungafune, mutha kuonda korona.
Ponena za mavalidwe amtundu uliwonse, sizomveka kuti azipanga kangapo kamodzi zaka zingapo zilizonse. Ngati pali chikhumbo, ndiye mutha kupanga mavalidwe amchere pang'ono maluwa a mbalame yamaluwa asanafikekuti ikhale yayitali komanso yochulukirapo.
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Cherry iliyonse ya mbalame, kuphatikiza mitundu ya Maaka, imagonjetsedwa ndi tizirombo tambiri. Koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti mtengowo sungadwale konse.
Matenda omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndi chomera ichi ndi matenda a mafangasi. Bowa limakhudza:
- zipatso;
- nthambi ndi masamba;
- khungwa ndi thunthu.
Matenda a mwana wosabadwayo
Drupes (dzina lotchuka la zipatso zamitundumitundu za mbalame) amadwala ngati mawonekedwe, zomwe zimatchedwa "matumba". Bowa imakhudza chipatso, chifukwa chake ovary imakula, ndiye kuti gawo lam mnofu ndipo sipakhala fupa.
Ma drup omwe ali ndi kachilombo amatenga mawonekedwe ofiira, akulu, otupa okhala ndi zibowo zopanda kanthu mkati - matumba. Kukula kwa matenda kumabweretsa kutayika kwa zokolola komanso kuphwanya kukongola kwamtengo.
Kuteteza ku bowa, ndikofunikira kuwononga zipatso zomwe zawonongeka, ndipo mtengo wokha uyenera kuthandizidwa ndi othandizira okhala ndi mkuwa. Zifunikanso kukonza mbeu yomwe yawonongeka nthawi yachilimwe isanatuluke.
Matenda a masamba ndi nthambi
Dzimbiri dzimbiri
Matendawa amapezeka makamaka m'nkhalango ndi m'mapaki, koma minda amathanso kuyenderedwa. Bowa lomwe limayambitsa vutoli limakhala m'mizere ya spruce.... Kuchokera komwe imasamukira masamba ndi nthambi za mbalame yamatcheri.
Mu Juni, mawanga ofiira kapena ofiirira amapangidwa pamasamba, mawonekedwe omwewo panthambi. Pakutha nyengo yachilimwe, mtengowo umatha konse kukongola kwake.
Polimbana ndi matendawa, chitumbuwa cha mbalame chimapopera ndi vitriol, yang'anani gwero la bowa - spruce ndikuwononga ma cones onse omwe ali pamenepo.
Clasterosporioses, kapena kuwona
Malo abowo
Adziwonetsa pofika mu June kapena theka loyamba la Julayi, masambawo adakutidwa ndi mawanga abulauni ofiira ndi malire ofiira ofiira... Matendawa akatha, mawangawa amagwa, ndipo mtengowo umakhala ngati wadyedwa ndi tizilombo.
Malo abulawuni
Chakumapeto kwa chilimwe pamasamba bulauni wozungulira pamadontho okhala ndi chikasu chachikaso kumtunda kumapangidwa... Mapangidwe achikasu ndikutulutsa mabowa. Ndikukula kwamatendawa, tsamba lonse limaphimbidwa.
Malo a lalanje
Pakati pa chilimwe pamasamba mawanga a lalanje amawoneka, mpaka 10 mm m'mimba mwake... Lathyathyathya, lowala kwambiri. Ndikukula kwa bowa, amatha kuphatikiza, kukhala ndi tsamba lalikulu. Matendawa amapezeka ku Siberia ndi Far East.
Pepo
Amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe a mawanga akuda ndi ofiira osadziwikam'mbali ikuyenda mu utoto wa pepalalo. Ikhoza kuwonekera mchilimwe chonse ndipo imaphimba mwachangu korona wamtengo.
Polimbana ndi mitundu yonse yowonera, masamba akufa awonongedwa, ndipo korona wamitengo amathandizidwa ndi Bordeaux osakaniza kapena maziko kangapo nthawi yachilimwe.
Moniliosis, kapena monilial burn
Matenda osasangalatsa omwe bowa amatengera maluwa, masamba, mphukira ndi ma drupes. M'chaka, nthambi zimayamba kuuma, ndikupeza mtundu wowala kwambiri., zomwezo zimachitika ndi masamba ndi mphukira.
Mafangayi amakula bwino kwambiri chinyezi, ndikupangitsa mtengo kuwoneka wofanana ndi womwe wakhudzidwa ndi moto.
Pofuna kupewa ndi kuteteza matendawa, malo owonongeka amadulidwa ndikuwonongeka., ndipo mchaka, maluwa asanayambe maluwa, mtengowo umathandizidwa ndi madzi a Bordeaux. Bwezerani kachiwiri mutatha maluwa ndi kugwa. Onetsetsani kuti mwawononga masamba omwe agwa.
Matenda a thunthu ndi khungwa
Cytosporosis kapena cytospore necrosis
Mukakhudzidwa ndi matendawa, Makungwa amtengo amamwalira m'makutu pa thunthu ndi nthambi... Mkati mwa maderawa, gulu laling'onoting'ono lofiira lomwe limayandikana kwambiri likuwonekera bwino - uku ndiko kutulutsa bowa.
Necrosis imeneyi nthawi zambiri imakhudza zomera zomwe zafooka ndi china chake ndipo zimatha kupha mtengo.
Palibe njira zothanirana ndi matendawa; wamaluwa nthawi zambiri amadula malo owonongeka ndikuwawononga., ndipo madera otukuka a bowa pa thunthu amatsukidwa, kutsukidwa ndi sopo ndi mkuwa, mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikuphimba ndi var var.
Chithandizo cha chingamu
Pamtengowo pali madera okhala ndi madzi, chingamu. Ndi mtundu wonyezimira, wonyezimira. Nthawi zambiri zimatsagana ndi matenda ena, monga kuwona, moniliosis, cytosporic necrosis, komanso kuwonongeka kwamakina a thunthu la mbalame yamatcheri, kutentha kwa dzuwa, komwe, ngakhale kuli kosowa kwambiri, kumachitikanso. Matendawa amatsogolera ku imfa ya mphukira, nthambi, ndipo nthawi zina khungwa la mtengo.
Kulimbana ndi matendawa kumatanthauza kuchiritsa chitumbuwa cha mbalame ku matendawa. ndi kudulira nthambi zakufa ndi mphukira ndi chiwonongeko chawo chotsatira.
Mizu yakuda ya bulauni
Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha ntchito ya tinder bowa Schweinitz, ndiye kuti, kungovunda. Mafangayi amakula pakatikati pa mizuyo komanso pamtengo wamtengo... Nthawi yomweyo, bowa wokulirapo wokulirapo umakula pamunsi pake pa chitumbuwa cha mbalame.
Mitengo yakale komanso yofooka nthawi zambiri imakhudzidwa. M'nkhalango, m'mapaki a nkhalango, m'minda yam'mizinda. Ndizosowa kwambiri m'munda.
Mwa zowola zomwe zimakhala mu chitumbuwa cha mbalame, bowa wofala kwambiri ndimatenda monga:
- maula bungweli;
- sulfure wachikasu tinder bowa;
- bowa wofiirira;
- bowa wonama.
Kuopsa kwa matendawa ndikuti mtengowo udzagwa. Pali njira imodzi yokha yolimbirana:
- macheka odulidwa;
- kuzula;
- kutentha dzenje.
Tizilombo ta chitumbuwa cha mbalame
Mbalame yamatcheri imatsutsana kwambiri ndi mitundu yonse ya tizirombo, koma ena amapitilizabe kutetezedwa ndi phytoncide.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amapezeka ndi Maak bird cherry ndikuvulaza:
Tizilombo toyamwa
Izi zonse ndi tizilombo tomwe timadyetsa masamba a masamba, masamba, mphukira, nthambi ndi thunthu. Alendo omwe amakhala pafupipafupi komanso amakhala pamtengowu ndi coccids, ntchentche, nsikidzi... Ambiri mwa iwo amapatsira mitengo ina m'munda, mwachitsanzo, mtengo wa maapulo kapena maula, kenako amafika ku chitumbuwa cha mbalame.
Tizilombo tomwe timadya masamba
Ndi:
- mbozi za agulugufe;
- mphutsi za sawfly;
- mphutsi za kafadala ndi kafadala okha;
- hawthorn ndi njuchi yamatcheri njuchi.
Ena mbozi za yemweyo hawthorn njenjete yokhotakhota apadera zisa kuchokera masamba, amene amakhala ndi kudyetsa.
Ogwira ntchito mgodi
Mphutsi za mtundu uwu wa tizilombo zimadyetsa ndikukula mkati mwa tsamba, ndikusiya mitsempha yopanda kanthu, yosiyana mawonekedwe ndi utoto. Amasamukira ku zipatso za mbalame kuchokera ku mitengo ya apulo.
Opanga ma gall
Galls mu mawonekedwe a nyanga zoyera kapena pinki mpaka 4 mm kutalika amapanga nthata - ndulu ndikumverera. Sapezeka kwambiri pa chitumbuwa cha mbalame, pokhapokha mitengo ikadzaza kwambiri pafupi.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Izi ndi tizilombo ta xylophagous, kutanthauza kuti, makungwa a khungwa ndi mbozi zamatabwa. Pafupifupi mitundu makumi awiri yosiyanasiyana imakhala pa chitumbuwa cha mbalame, koma zimangokhudza mitengo yakale, yakufa kapena matenda.
Njira yayikulu yolimbana ndi tizilomboti ndi mankhwala. Mtengo wokhudzidwa uyenera kuthandizidwa kawiri pogwiritsa ntchito njira izi:
- karbofos;
- kinmix.
Ndi matenda amphamvu kwambiri, kupopera mankhwala kwachitatu kungafunike, koma, nthawi zambiri, pambuyo pachiwiri, tizilombo tonse timafa kale.
Chilengedwe chomwecho ndi njira yabwino yochitira ndi mbozi. Frosts kumayambiriro kwa Meyi amapha tizilombo tomwe tikugwira kale ntchito panthawiyi. Chifukwa chake, ena wamaluwa samazindikira kuti gulu la mbozi limayenera kukhazikika pazokonda zawo.
Njira zodzitetezera zikuphatikiza kupatulira korona, kudulira nthambi zakale, kuyeretsa thunthu ndi maziko a nthambi, ndipo, kuyang'anira mosamala mkhalidwe wa mbalame zamatcheri oyandikana nawo m'mundamo.
Maaka bird cherry ndi mtengo wokongola modabwitsa wokhala ndi zokongoletsa zingapo komanso zothandiza. Ngakhale zipatso zake sizidyedwa ndi anthu, ndizabwino pakupanga mankhwala azitsamba ndi infusionszomwe zingathetse mavuto ambiri amatumbo.
Mukamasankha chitumbuwa cha mbalame m'munda mwanu, muyenera kulabadira mtengo wosadzichepetsayi, womwe ungafanane ndi mawonekedwe amalo aliwonse, kupanga mthunzi m'malo azisangalalo ndikuwopseza udzudzu mmenemo, komanso kupangitsa chidwi cha eni munda.
Kawirikawiri chiyani mtengo umadzitamandira motsutsana ndi matenda, kupulumuka kwamoyo, kudzichepetsa panthaka ndi nyengo, chisamaliro chosafunikira, kukula mwachangu komanso kukongola kwakunja, monga Maak mbalame yamatcheri.