Apurikoti ndi wakale-nthawi osati kokha kumadera akumwera, Amakula mokondwera ndi wamaluwa wam'madera akumpoto... Mtengo wokongola wokhala ndi zipatso zowala umayamikiridwa chifukwa chosavuta ngakhale umasamalidwa nthawi zonse masika ndi nthawi yophukira.
Momwe mungasamalire apurikoti kumapeto kwa chilimwe, chilimwe ndi kugwa
Mtengo wa apurikoti umafunika chisamaliro cha chaka chonse, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuthirira, kudyetsa, kudulira. Koma zonsezi zimayamba ndikokwanira.
Kubzala kolondola ndichinsinsi cha zokolola zamtsogolo
Podzala mtengo wa apurikoti, malo okwera ndi oyenera, otetezedwa ku mphepo yozizira yakumpoto komanso yakumadzulo, ndi madzi akuya pansi. M'madera otsika, momwe kumazizira mpweya, chisanu ndi chinyezi, maapurikoti sangakhale ndi moyo. Olima wamaluwa aku Siberia ndi Ural ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa malo omwe amakhala "mitengo": M'nyengo yamasika, akasungunuka ndi chisanu, pamakhala chiopsezo chachikulu chodzikundikira chinyezi pafupi ndi thunthu ndi kuzizira kwa kolala yazu.
Kubzala kumachitika mchaka, masamba asanakwane. Maenje obzala amakonzedwa pasadakhale, makamaka kuyambira nthawi yophukira... Kukula kwawo mbali zonse kuli pafupifupi masentimita 70 - 80. Ngati mukufuna kubzala mbewu zingapo, siyani pafupifupi 4 - 5 mita pakati pa maenje.
Dothi lokulitsa, mchenga ndi miyala yosakaniza kapena miyala, yokhala ndi kachigawo kakang'ono kakang'ono, iyenera kuthiridwa pansi. "Khushoni" iyi ndiyofunikira kuti pakhale ngalande zabwino.
Thirani 1.5 - 2 zidebe za manyowa owola kapena humus... Ndiye feteleza amchere amagwiritsidwa ntchito - potashi, phosphorous, nayitrogeni, ndizotheka kuphatikiza. Mutha kuwonjezera 0,5 - 1 kg ya phulusa la nkhuni ndi 1 kg ya superphosphate. Ndikofunika kuti musapitirire apa: apurikoti amalekerera pakalibe feteleza kuposa kuchuluka kwawo... Nthaka imathiridwa pamwamba pa feteleza kuti iteteze ana kuti asatenthedwe.
Podzala, mbande zimasankhidwa - azaka chimodzi azikhala ndi mizu yolimba, munga (chitsa kuchokera m'chigwacho), nthambi zolimba zingapo, zogawanika, ndikupanga maangodya ndi tsinde la pafupifupi 450.
Mbande za mitundu yolimidwa siziyenera kukhala ndi minga. Amadziwika ndi ma apricot omwe amakula kuthengo.
Pafupi ndi mmera, chikhomo chothandizira chimaphatikizidwira kudzenje lobzala. Pambuyo pake, nthambi yobzalidwa imalumikizidwa ndi mtengowo kuti mtengowo umere mozungulira, ndipo thunthu lofananalo limapangidwa.
Mmera umatsitsidwa mu dzenje, mizu imafalikira ndikuwaza nthaka, pang'onopang'ono ndikuphwanya nthaka. Mzu wa mizu uyenera kuthira pansi... Pambuyo pake, malo ozungulira amapangidwa m'mphepete mwa dzenje ndipo 15 - 20 malita amadzi amatsanulidwa.
Mukangobzala, mphukira imadulidwa mpaka 40 cm pamwamba panthaka... Pambuyo masiku 5-7, nthambiyo imamangiriridwa mosamalitsa pachithandizocho.
Akatswiri ali otsimikiza kuti apurikoti, osati olumikizidwa kumtengo, koma wolimidwa kuchokera ku mwala, amasinthasintha bwino nyengo, sifunikira ukadaulo waulimi ndi chisamaliro. Zipatso za mtengo wotere zimagonjetsedwa ndi matenda ndi tizirombo.
Kusamalira nyengo
Mwachikhalidwe, kusamalira apurikoti nyengo kumawoneka motere:
- Masika - kudulira, kukonza kuwonongeka kwa chisanu ndikulowetsa ndi phula lamunda, kuyeretsa kwa thunthu ndi nthambi za mafupa, kuvala pamwamba, kuthirira.
- Chilimwe - kuthirira, kuteteza ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, mu zomera zazikulu - kuthandizira nthambi, zolemetsedwa ndi zokolola zamtsogolo.
- Kugwa - mobwerezabwereza laimu mankhwala a thunthu ndi chigoba nthambi, kudyetsa, kukonzekera yozizira.
Kudulira
Kudulira mitengo ya Apricot kumachitika masika... Chotsani:
- kubereka kwakanthawi kochepa mphukira pachaka;
- nthambi zikukula kunja kapena mkati mwa korona;
- ofooka ndi kukula kukulitsa.
Chifukwa chake, korona amachepetsedwa, kuyatsa kofananira kofananira kumaperekedwa ndipo kukula kwa nthambi za zipatso kumalimbikitsidwa.
Kawirikawiri, pangani korona wocheperako wokhala ndi nthambi 7-8 zoyambirira... Pafupipafupi - ngati mbale yolowedwa pamwamba, korona wotereyu amathandizira kukolola koyambirira kwa zipatso zathanzi. Ngati zokololazo zili pafupi ndi khoma, korona wofanana ndi fan amapangidwa, kudula mphukira zam'mbali.
Ana ali ndi zaka 2-4 kudula kukula kochulukirapo komanso kosayenera. M'zaka zotsatira 2-3 kufupikitsa nthambi ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu ndikutuluka, ndikupanga korona. Komanso Nthambi zobala zipatso zimadulidwa chaka chilichonse ndi 30% m'litali mwake... Chotsani zakale (zosakhalanso fruiting), zouma, zopindika, zophwanyika, zokulitsa mphukira zazing'ono.
Zipatso za Apurikoti zimapangidwa mochuluka, monga lamulo, pa nthambi za zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu. Chifukwa chake, kudulira sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu.
Kukula kwapachaka kumachedwetsa kapena kuyima, kudulira okalamba kumafunika.
Kuthirira
Kutsika kwamadzi pamizu kumatsutsana ndi apurikoti. Izi ndizodzala ndi kuwola kwawo komanso kufa kwa mtengo. Nthawi yomweyo, chomeracho chimavutika nthawi yowuma chifukwa chosowa chinyezi m'nthaka ndi mlengalenga. Chomera chachikulire chimayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zosachepera 4 pa nyengo, nthawi zambiri m'miyezi yotentha.
Pamaso maluwa, okhetsedwa kwambiri kwa nthawi yoyamba, zolimbikitsa maluwa ambiri. Kuthirira madzi pambuyo maluwa, izi zimathandizira pakuwonekera kwamitundu yambiri yamazira ambiri ndi mphukira zazing'ono.
Kuthirira kwachitatu kumafunika pakukula ndi kupanga zipatso zazikulu, Ndi kukoma kwambiri. Ndiye kuthirira, ngati kuli kotheka, popanda kuyanika. Koma kuyambira Ogasiti mtengo umayamba kukonzekera kugona, mphamvu yakuthirira imachepetsedwa.
Kutentha ndi kusanachitike nyengo yachisanu sikofunikira kwa apurikoti ndipo imatsutsana.... Kupatula apo dothi louma komanso tebulo lamadzi ndilotsika kwambiri kuposa mizu ya mtengo.
Kukonzekera nyengo yozizira
M'miyambo yachikhalidwe, dera la Moscow lolima apurikoti ladzipangitsa kukhala lozizira kwambiri. Koma, Mbeu zatsopano ndi mitengo yaying'ono, makamaka kumadera ovuta, zimafunika kutchinjiriza.
Kubzala kwapachaka kumayikidwa ndi nthambi, nthambi za spruce, mabango, kukonza chilichonse pachimango. Mitengo yakula ndi spud, ndipo mitengo yake (zimayambira) zokutidwaMwachitsanzo, burlap.
Chitetezo ku matenda ndi tizirombo
Tizilombo ta Apurikoti
Nsabwe za m'masamba, mbozi za hawthorn, nsomba yakuda yagolide - awa ndiye "adani" akulu a wokhala m'mundamu.
- Kulimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ntchito dandelion, phulusa ndi infusions fodya. Amapopera mitengo yomwe yakhudzidwa komanso yoyandikana nayo. Ngati pali nsabwe za m'masamba zochepa, zitha kuwonongedwa mwamakanika, ndikuchulukanso kwa nsabwe za m'masamba, ndibwino kuchotsa masamba ndikuwotcha.
- Ndi mbozi za agulugufe a hawthorn kulimbaninso ndi umakaniko.
- Mphutsi yakuda yagolide, okhazikika muzu, amatha kuwononga chomera chachikulu. Kupewa mawonekedwe a tizilombo ndi chithandizo chakumapeto kwa nthambi, thunthu ndi thunthu bwalo ndi madzi a Bordeaux.
Matenda
Apurikoti, monga mitengo ina yazipatso, atengeke ndimatenda, mafangasi ndi bakiteriya:
- Matenda achilengedwe a apurikoti - "nthomba" yozungulira, kufota kwa ma virus, zithunzi za apurikoti.
- Mafangayi - cytosporosis, imvi zipatso zowola, dzimbiri.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timanyamulidwa ndi manja a mlimi kapena zida zam'munda. choncho ntchito yayikulu yopewa - kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyera mwapadera pantchito zosiyanasiyana zokhudzana ndi katemera, kudula, kukonza. Zida ziyenera kutsukidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Katemerayu atetezedwa ku matenda ndi ma virus ndi bacteria potenthetsa kwa mphindi khumi kutentha pafupifupi madigiri 50.
Chifukwa chiyani mumabzala apurikoti?
Zipatso mitengo imafalikira ndi kumtengowo kuti mupeze mbande zokhala ndi mikhalidwe yabwino.
Mitundu yakumwera monga ma apricot imalumikizidwa mwazomwe zimasinthidwa kukhala zovuta, kuonjezera kukana kwa anthu akummwera kumadera ozizira.
Kodi ndizotheka kudzala apurikoti pamtengo wa chitumbuwa kapena maula?
Pazogulitsa, muyenera kusankha mtengo wathanzi, wolimba wazaka 3-6, wokhala ndi thunthu la 3-9 cm m'mimba mwake... Ndikolondola kubzala apurikoti pamtengo wazipatso zamwala.
- Ntchito yotchuka ya maula a chitumbuwa... Chomeracho chimazika mizu mosavuta, ndipo kukoma kwa maula a chitumbuwa kumafalikira ku zipatso.
- Maula amaonedwa kuti ndi katundu wabwino.... The cuttings "samatsutsana" ndikukula limodzi mwachangu, mtengo umakula wolimba, palibe kukula komwe kumapangidwa pamalo olumikiza.
- Pomwepo, kapena bwino paminga, mtedza wa apurikoti umalumikizidwa pafupi ndi kolala yazu - kuti muchepetse kukula kwa mizu.
- Peach amagwiritsidwanso ntchito polumikiza, koma chiwerengerochi chimakhala choyipa kwambiri kuposa ma plums ndi ma plums a chitumbuwa, ndipo njirayi ndi yoyenera madera akumwera okha.
- tcheri osalumikizidwa kawirikawiri, chifukwa pambuyo pake muyenera kulimbikitsa nthambi zosalimba.
Koma katundu wabwino kwambiri wodulidwa ndi apurikoti pamatsala apurikoti wina.
Mutha kulandira katemera liti m'chigawo cha Moscow ndi madera ena?
Mutha kudzala apurikoti kuyambira masika mpaka nthawi yophukira. Ndikofunika kuti nyengo iume ndi kufunda ndipo dzuwa libisike kuseri kwa mitambo.
Katemera wa masika amapereka zotsatira zabwino kwambiri... Pakati pa kuyamwa kwamphamvu, ma cuttings amakula limodzi mosavuta ndipo amatha kulimba nthawi yotentha.
Katemera m'nyengo yotentha ndi nthawi yabwino.... Nthawi yokwanira yochira, makamaka munthawi yayitali.
M'dzinja nthawi yotentha mutha kuyesa kumezetsa phesi. Koma pali chiopsezo chachikulu cha chisanu scion isanakule pamodzi ndi katunduyo ndikulimba. Zoterezi zimafa.
Momwe mungasankhire katundu woyenera
Maziko olumikizidwa kumtengo ndi mtsogolo mtengowo ndi masheya. Kuchokera pamenepo, chomeracho chimalandira kubala, kukana zovuta zachilengedwe, komanso moyo wautali.
Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kusankha masheya odula maapurikoti.:
- zogwirizana ndi scion, kugonjetsedwa ndi kuzizira;
- osafuna ku nthaka chinyezi;
- kusinthidwa nyengo zakomweko;
- wokhala ndi wamphamvu mizu yotukuka,
- osafooka komanso osatengeka tizirombo kapena tizilombo, chomera chokhacho chopatsa thanzi.
Pali zitsa zomwe zimalimidwa, zakutchire, zofooka komanso zamphamvu, zamasamba ndi mbewu.
Pazinthu, mtengo wokula mwapadera, kukula kwakuthengo, mtengo wosweka, kapena mitundu / zitsanzo zosapambana zimasankhidwa.
Njira zakutemera
Njira zazikulu zolumikizira ma apricot:
- kwa khungwa;
- mu gawo lotsatira;
- kulowa mkati;
- kuphukira;
- makapu abwino.
Momwe mungabzala apurikoti molondola
Mphukira za scion zimadulidwa kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Osagwiritsa ntchito nthambi zowonda, zowawa, zofooka. Atakulungidwa mu kanema, kumanzere ndi chisanu m'nyengo yozizira, kapena kusungidwa mchipinda chapansi m'malo ozizira, achinyezi - utuchi, shavings, mchenga, peat, nsanza. Lembani musanagwire.
Pazigawo zonse, chida chakuthwa chaukhondo, chotetezedwa ndi majeremusi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kukhadzikitsanso
Mtengo umadulidwa, kagawidwe kakang'ono kakang'ono kamapangidwa pakati. Scion imayikidwa mwamphamvu mmenemo. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati scion ndiyotsika kwambiri kuposa katundu..
Chikho
Chitsa ndi scion yofanana m'mimba mwake ndizoyenera cupulae. Magawo a cuttings amalumikizana mwamphamvu wina ndi mzake ndikukhazikika... Katemera wotere amawoneka ngati tsinde limodzi.
Makungwa kumtengowo
Pofuna kulumikiza, makungwawo amakhala osakanikirana ndipo amagawanikana pang'ono mbali (monga chowongolera). Scion imayikidwa mu incision, makungwa "amatsekedwa" ndikukulungidwa mwamphamvu.
Kukula ndi malamulo odyetsera mtengo
Monga tanenera pamwambapa, muyenera kusamalira apurikoti. Monga mbewu zina, Apurikoti wa zipatso amafunika kuvala bwino ndi feteleza woyambira - phosphorous, nayitrogeni, potashi.
- Pansi pa mitengo yaying'ono m'chaka, 50-70 g ya ammonium nitrate imayambitsidwa, kugwa - chidebe cha humus, kompositi kapena manyowa, pafupifupi 140 g wa superphosphate 35 g wa potaziyamu mankhwala enaake.
- Apricots azaka 4-5 "Dyetsani" magawo awiri a feteleza.
- Pa zaka 6-8 Mlingo wawonjezeka pang'ono, ndipo mitengo yazaka 10 idafunikira kale zidebe 8-9 zama organic, 250 g wa potashi, 900 g wa phosphorous ndi 400 g wa feteleza wa nayitrogeni.
Kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira kupopera kwa korona Njira yofooka ya feteleza wa nayitrogeni imasintha maluwa kumapeto kwa masika ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa thumba losunga mazira.
Apricots amafunanso njira yapadera. M'chaka amafunika kudyetsedwa ndi ma microelements.: utsi ndi feteleza wachitsulo, mayankho a manganese sulphate ndi boric acid.
Ndikofunika kuti nthawi ndi nthawi muziwaza zouma pamalo obisika ndikuphimba ndi mulch.
Apurikoti amafuna chidwi cha wamaluwa. Koma amalipira chisamalirocho ndi zokolola zambiri, zomwe zimatha kukondweretsa mtengo mchaka chachisanu cha moyo wake... Ndipo chilimwe chilichonse chimanunkhira ngati chimwemwe chowala kwambiri cha apurikoti wachikasu.